Reports of the Laboratory of ancient technologies

27-50

Authors: J.C. Blong

Human settlement of eastern Beringia appears to have been a gradual process starting in the Bølling-Allerød interstadial. Settlement of the upland Alaska Range did not occur until 1,300 years later, possibly linked to the emergence of a highly mobile settlement system during the Younger Dryas and early Holocene. However, evaluating the timing of upland settlement has been hampered by a primarily surficial upland archaeological record. This study tests landscape use models with new data from the buried early Holocene component 1 at Susitna River 3 in the upper Susitna River basin, central Alaska Range. The Susitna River 3 assemblage indicates that initial use of the upper Susitna River basin consisted of long-distance logistical forays from residential camps outside of the study area by highly mobile individuals provisioned with formal lithic toolkits. This data supports a shift to a highly mobile land-use system during the early Holocene. Initial settlement may be tied to the spread of boreal forest in the interior lowland and foothills regions, coupled with the emergence of upland caribou herd populations as an important resource.

65-84

Authors: P.B. Konovalov

The article publishes data of medieval burials excavated in the 80s in Mongolia during the Soviet-Mongolian Historical and Cultural Expedition. The most preserved of them by methods and arrangements of burial, funeral rites and accompanying inventory turned out to be largely analogous, if not identical, to the funerary complexes in the entire Transbaikalia, Western and Eastern, and partly Southern Baikal region. The author correlates them with the Sayantui group (culture) of the typological and chronological classification of medieval burial complexes of Buryatia, dating from the 11th-14th centuries AC. In connection with the introduction of this material into the scientific circulation, the author touches upon the question of the early Mongolian archaeological culture, which is discussed in the literature, but at the same time it is perceived and interpreted in different ways, both in chronology and ethno-archeological features.

98-107

Authors: O.V. Buraeva

Traditional economy of the Evenks – hunting – is maximally adapted to the conditions of the North of Buryatia. The main products of hunting are furs, meat of wild ungulates and game meat. The article reviews the annual cycle of Evenks employment activities, which were built in accordance with the development of fauna and flora coinciding in duration and in name practically among all territorial groups of Evenks, hunting traditions and prohibitions that were developed over the centuries and are the elements of Evenks' trade ethics, changes in the means of extraction from the XVIII century to the present day (from bows and loops, crossbows, whistles and snags to metal traps, firearms), the problems of Evenks-hunters and the modern state of the industry in general (the creation of family-clan communities).

9-18

Authors: Yu.A. Titovaa, K.V. Biryulevaa, P.V. Mandrykaa, E.V. Titovb

The article contains the results of researching the pottery formation technology of the UstBelaya, Bobrovka types and vessels that decorated with a «walking» comb stamp. They was found at the site Udachny-14 in Krasnoyarsk. There are presented comparative the characteristics of 28 vessels on the composition of the molding mass and the method for constructing the form. By binocular and petrography analysis revealed four types of feedstock. When preparing the molding masses, mainly simple recipes were used, in which an organic matrix was added to the raw material. When designing vessels, form-models were used. Formation was carried out by patchwork modeling. In the course of the research it was established that for the production of various types of pottery in the preparatory and creative stages of ceramic production, similar technological methods were used. This can be explained by the coexistence of different types of pottery, or by the use same natural resources for a long period of time.

30-43

Authors: T. Nomokonovaa, H.J. McIntyrea, А.V. Plekhanovb, R.J. Loseyc

This article describes results of zooarchaelogical analysis of faunal remains found at medieval settlement Iarte VI in 2013 (Iamal Peninsula, Iamal-Nenets Autonomous Region). We discuss species composition and quantities of animal remains. Further, we provided new data on animal skeletal element representation, bone modification, and age and sex reconstructions. Reindeer consumption was one of the main subsistence activities carried out at the settlement. Hunting of Artic fox and waterfowl, as well as fishing, were also important.

58-66

Authors: M.V. Chirikova

The article presents an overview of the history of archival activity in pre-revolutionary Russia. Based on the available data the author has tried to consider the process of the appearance and development of sphere of archival activity, beginning from the IX to the XIX century. As the state apparatus became more complicated, the document circulation became important, and bureaucratic posts appeared, whose duties included the preservation of the most important papers in the business. Those documents that lost significance for state purposes were gradually destroyed. The situation with the appearance of departmental institutions has improved somewhat, especially in the ministries of Foreign Affairs and Interior ones. But even in these institutions the period of storage of documents was not unlimited, and archival cases were often destroyed for various reasons. Thus, a colossal array of historically valuable materials was irretrievably lost. Awareness of the need to preserve archival data led to active discussion only in the XIX century. At the turn of the century, the progressive public has stepped up work on the creation of the archives system, there is clearly a need to resolve the archival issue through state reforms. But this problem was solved only in the next century. In addition, the article reflects the complex situation of archives in Siberia by the beginning of the XXth century, as well as the desire of local enthusiasts to change the current situation.