European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science

9

Authors: Burhan Başoğlu

Aiming to unearth the Turkish Sports Media’s understanding of morals and ethics, this study was developed by way of compilation. It aims to explain such relevant topics as morals, ethics, relation between morals and ethics, relation between ethics and philosophy, sports ethics, ethics of the sports media, and to infer a conclusion from those explanations. Sports ethics refer to manners, actions and behaviors performed by sportspeople or people involved in sports and accepted in general by the stakeholders. Sports media provides the public with news about sports through the Press and other communication means, and should aim to popularize the sports, ensure more people to be interested in sports, and promote the sports to the masses. In doing this, it is expected to respect both the sports ethics and Media ethics. However, it is observed that the facts that communication technologies spread fast, access to news and information get easier, the Media grows and expands, and new Media means are introduced cause the sports media to develop a number of unethical notions. It was concluded that the root reason of this tendency is the Media’s aim to be more influential for the public and to access more people by means of various communication means in order to increase its income. In the light of these findings, this study emphasizes that it is important for the sports media to adopt and respect the applicable ethical principles and to act in accordance with them.

12

Authors: Tuncay Erçin, Bekir Mendeş, Mustafa Özdal

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of passive smoking on children by comparing some of the respiratory parameters of the children of smoker and non-smoker parents. A total of 200 students, aged 12-14 years, were participated in the study, including 100 students who were exposed to smoke and 100 students who were not exposed to smoke. The age, body weight and respiratory functions of the students were measured. Respiratory parameters were assessed as forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC) data. The independent t test was used in the analysis of the obtained data. Significant differences were found among the groups in all of the age, height and respiration parameters of males and females (p<0.05). When the significant difference in VC values examined, there was no difference in FVC and MVV values between groups of respiratory parameters of passive smokers and non-smokers (p>0.05), significant differences were found in VC values (p <0.05). As a result, we found that VC which is the respiratory functions in children who were exposed to cigarette smoke was affected negatively in our study. Changing parent's smoking behavior will contribute to increased quality of life of children who exposed to cigarette smoke.

12

Authors: Abdurrahman Kepoğlu, Ümmü Gülsüm Çakmak

The purpose of our research is to examine the effect of job satisfaction on organizational culture of staff working in public and private sports organizations. The universe of our research is made up of public and private sports organization staff. Our sample is composed of staff working in public and private sports organizations in Aegean Region. As a data collection tool in the research, Personal information form, Minnesota job satisfaction scale, and Denison organizational culture scale have been used. The first validity and reliability studies of the Minnesota job satisfaction scale were conducted by Baycan (1985) with an alpha coefficient of 0.77. Reliability value was found to be 0.87 by Özdayı (1990). The confidence scale (Cronbach Alpha) adapted by Denison organizational culture scale to Gökşen (2001) and later (2002) was found 0.96.Through descriptive statistics, frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation values are determined. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used at 0,05 significance level to determine whether the data showed normal distribution. As a result of the test statistic, it was determined that the data were not the normal distribution. For this reason, non-parametric test statistic was used. The Mann Whitney-U test was used at a significance level of 0,05 in comparing the arithmetic mean of the binary groups. The Kruskal Wallis Test was used at a significance level of 0,05 in comparing the arithmetic mean of multiple groups. The existence of the correlation between job satisfaction and organizational culture was used at Pearson Correlation Analysis at the significance level of 0,05 and 0,01. Regression Analysis was used at a significance level of 0.05 for the determination of the degree of job satisfaction affecting the organizational culture. As a result of the research; It was found that there was a strong positive correlation between job satisfaction level and organizational culture level (p <0.01) and half of the effect of job satisfaction (R2 =, 552) on the formation of organizational cultures of public and private sports institutions. This result shows that the organization's staff will make a positive contribution to the formation of the organization's culture by taking measures to increase job satisfaction.

14

Authors: Abdurrahman Kepoğlu

The aim of our work is to determine joint-stock companies operating and producing sports services in the Late period of Ottoman Empire and the Early period of Turkish Republic. In the study, a qualitative method was followed by "descriptive field scanning", documentary or documentary work. This finding is important from two perspectives. First, the first three of the joint-stock companies that provide sports services in the world was established in the late period of Ottoman Empire in 1913, 1916 and 1917 respectively. The second one is that one of these incorporated companies continues to operate in the early period of Turkish Republic until 1937. This situation is important in terms of Turkish sports management. Because the main judgment of the scientists who make research about sports management is "Turkish sports management has a statist structure not autonomous". However, from 1923 to 1937, in accordance with market conditions, a private joint-stock company operated sports services to consumers. In this case, it is inevitable to arrive at a new judgment by passing the structure of the Turkish sports administration. "The first joint-stock companies producing sports services in the world were established and operating in the Ottoman and Turkish Republic". Therefore, it is possible to add "1906-1937 private sector period", emphasizing the fact that the Turkish sports administration is the first in the world to developmental stages.

15

Authors: Akinnubi C. F., Ajayi-Vincent O. B.

This study examined the causes and preventive measures of possible obesity and overweight among workers in tertiary institutions in Oyo state Nigeria. The population for this study was workers in the tertiary institutions in Oyo state. A total of 120 respondents comprising of 54 female and 66 male workers were selected using accidental sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire validated by experts on the field with a reliable correlation coefficient at 0.84 was used for the study. The data collected were analysed using simple percentages and inferential statistics. The result showed that majority of the respondents were aware of the causes and the diseases associated with obesity and overweight. It was also revealed that majority of the respondents were aware of the preventive measures and did not engage in any measure to prevent obesity and overweight. It was further revealed that there was no significant difference in the involvement of preventive measures of obesity and overweight between male and female respondents in the tertiary institutions. Based on findings, it was recommended that there should be enlightenment programme for workers and recreation centres built in the tertiary institutions and in the public places by the government.

18

Authors: Ratko Pavlović, Bojan Bjelica, Dobromir Bonacin, Radomir Pržulj, Nikola Stojanović

Motor abilities as the anthropological status segment of a human participate in the implementation of various movement structures, and are an indispensable part of human latent and manifested space. Depending on the type of movement structures depends on their mode of manifestation. Most of them are more or less correlated with other segments of the anthropological area. The most common connection is related to the morphology and dimensions of the individual parameters of the morphological status, for example, Lorentz constitution index, body mass index (BMI), and so on. The current research was conducted on a sample of 40 male students, aged 16 ± 0.5 years from Busovača (BIH) in order to determine possible differences between individuals with different values of BMI. According to the objective of the research was selected the intentional sample of subjects: 20 normal weight students (BMI=20.79±1,79kg/m²) and 20 students with excessive nutritional status (BMI=26.55±0,88kg/m²). For the evaluation of motor abilities were defined tests for the assessment of the balance (flamingo-MFLA), flexibility (reaching in sitting-MFLE). To determine the difference between respondents was applied the module T-test for small independent samples. The results obtained confirm statistically significant differences between normal and over-fed students in the realization of defined motor abilities required a level of significance (p <0.001).