Journal of Advances in Economics and Finance

8

Authors: Xinyue Yu

In order to improve the competitiveness of China's international trade and alleviate the possible trade war with the United States, related data for 2000-2015 years are collected and collocated from the level of trade product structure of China and the United States. Based on the objective reality, and supported by the relevant theories of international trade, the current situation of trade structure of China and the United States is analyzed and summarized. Through the further accurate classification of trade goods, the changes and trends of three types of trade commodities, such as resource intensive, labor intensive and capital intensive types, are studied from various angles of change range of trade commodity structure, trade union degree, commodity coupling degree, and commodity - market coupling degree. This is not only of practical significance to the future trade relations between China and the United States, but also provides some new thinking for the future study of trade between the two countries.

17

Authors: Thanh Thi Nguyen, Dr. Ngoc Thi Bui

In 2013, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) provided a fairly comprehensive definition of internal control: “Internal control is a process affected by entity’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, it is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives relating to operations, reporting, and compliance”. This definition indicates that internal control is indispensable to provide a reasonable guarantee for an organization's ability to achieve its goals and sustainable development. Currently, the internal control system in Vietnamese paper manufacturers has not met essential needs of the society. There are more than 500 paper manufacturing enterprises in the country, in which more than 90% are small enterprises, and in which internal controls are not effectively implemented. This paper examines reality of internal control in paper manufacturing enterprises in Northern Vietnam. Based on that, evaluation and measures are provided in order to improve internal control. Research results showed that there are five factors which directly affect internal control: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, monitoring activities.