Izvestiya Vuzov. Prikladnaya Khimiya i Biotekhnologiya

19-30

Authors: M.Ya. Ioelovich

When samples of various polymers are heated, there is a monotonic change of various physico-chemical, physical and chemical properties until achieving of certain transition temperatures at which an abrupt change in properties of the polymers is observed. Cellulose is known to be a linear stereoregular semi-crystalline polysaccharide composed of anhydroglucose units joined by 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide has a complex supramolecular structure consisting of ordered crystallites and less ordered noncrystalline domains. This review article contains the description and discussion of temperature transitions in noncrystalline domains of cellulose. It has been shown that due to structural heterogeneity the non-crystalline domains have three temperature transitions of relaxation type, where the α1 transition at 490-500 K and α2 transition at 380-410 K are caused by the occurrence of segmental mobility in dense mesomorphous and less packed amorphous clusters, respectively; whereas the β transition at 260-300 K is related to the mobility of small segments in loose packed amorphous clusters, which probably are located on the outer surface of cellulose fibrils. Under the action of water and other plasticizers all three isophase transitions are shifted to lower temperatures. Along with α and β transitions, also low-temperature γ transition at 180-200 K is observed due to mobility of hydroxy-methylene groups in noncrystalline domains of cellulose.

40-49

Authors: M.A. Zasovskaya, S.K. Ignatov

Parameters of formation reactions of complexes and water clusters, thionyl chloride and its hydrolysis products in a gas phase were investigated by methods of quantum and chemical simulation B3LYP/6– 311++G(2d,2р), MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and G4. Structural and thermodynamic characteristics of such complexes as H2O(H2O)n,n=1–5,7, SOCl2(H2O)n, H+(H2O)n, OH–(H2O)n, Cl–(H2O)n, SOCl+(H2O)n, (SOCl2(H2O)n)–, SOCl(OH)(H2O)n, n=1–4; HCl(H2O)n, n=1–5 were determined. Various variants of formation and decomposition of these particles were considered. It was found that we should consider reactions of neutral clusters (H2O)n and SOCl2(H2O)n as the most probable channels of hydrolysis

57-62

Authors: Yu.V. Nurminskaya, F.S. Malkov, S.V. Bakhvalov

The analysisof fluctuating asymmetry is a widely acceptedmethodfordetermining the extent ofanthropogenic impactson ecosystems. However the given method requires meticulous measurements and of calculations, many of which still poorly are automated which makes it difficult widespread use of this method in the implementation of environmental monitoring. We bring to attention a software development project automation of morphometry leaf, including the computation of the fluctuating asymmetry

177-183

Authors: S.O. Mamedova

Bioadsorbents are widely used for heavy metals removal from different media. Isothermal characteristics of adsorption processes including bioadsorbents applying are widely discussed in special literature. However, the less attention is paid to adsorption capability and the quantity of adsorbed heavy metals ions dependence from bioadsorbent concentration. The aim of present research is to optimize serial process of heavy metals bioadsorption using bioadsorbents modified in different levels. The condition was found to achieve maximum heavy metals ions removal. The optimization procedure for heavy metals removal using the modified bioadsorbents was suggested

189-192

Authors: I.A. Kozlov, R.M. Garipov

The potential of plant biomass as source of renewable energy, biological, and chemical feedstock is used inefficiently. This is due to the fact that existing processes of biomass chemical treatment are inferior in efficiency to petrochemical processes being catalytic for the most part. A new industrial catalyst to use for deep complex processing of plant biomass and its waste has been developed. Integrated environmentally sustainable technology, including catalytic processes for the production of pulps both civil and dual use, recycling lignocellulosic waste into valuable organic products is proposed. The new technology allows reduce the harmful gas sulfur emissions up to 75%