Jornal of Management, Economics and Industrial Organization

1-33.

Authors: Ajay K. Singh, Sanjeev Kumar

Technology transfer (TT) and commercialization is useful to develop new technology, innovation, device, design and product in manufacturing sector. TT and commercialization are essential drivers to create tech-based start-ups, entrepreneurship ecosystem, employment, new market, and increase output, productivity, efficiency and growth of manufacturing sector. However, TT and commercialization from research institutions to industries is relatively lower in developing economies as compared to developed countries. In these economies, researchers and scientists have insignificant understanding on intellectual property rights (IPRs) and its positive implication in manufacturing sector, and legal provision and procedures for utilization of IP protected technology in industrial filed. Therefore, this study provides the progress of IPRs in India during 2006–2007 to 2018–2019. Thereupon, it detects the opinion of 120 experts on TT and commercialization and IPRs. These experts were selected from 40 reputed research organizations of India. Research organizations were applying contractual agreements, licensing for limited time period, agreements with technology seekers and mutual contract for TT and commercialization in. Thus, this study claimed that most research organizations do not have a formal and uniform process for TT and commercialization. Appropriate estimation of economic values of existing technology and innovation are difficult in research organizations. Therefore, Indian research organizations could not nurture a conducive ecosystem to increase TT and commercialization, and business-oriented association with manufacturing firms. This study provides barriers of TT and commercialization in research organizations. Accordingly, several policy proposals were given to resolve existing issues in TT and commercialization, and IPRs in Indian research organizations.

52-62.

Authors: Thesara V.P. Jayawardane

This paper was written with the intention to view and examine the various challenges encountered by the Sri Lankan female workers who work in the International grounds as domestic-aid and to explore how these female workers contribute to the development of Sri Lanka. It intends to examine the various violations of International Law with regards to these female workers and ways to avoid such violations by empowering them. There is a progressive upsurge in the female workers who leave Sri Lanka annually and they contribute to bringing in a significant amount of foreign currency to Sri Lanka’s economy. The literature affirms that there were many cases where Sri Lankan female workers had to face refusal of payments, violation of their employment contract, physical, mental and sexual assaults, and sometimes death. Thus, this can be seen as a significant threat to human rights of these workers. Sri Lanka affiliates with various international treaties and therefore must find means to protect the rights of these female workers are safeguarded. This paper strongly recommends Sri Lanka to implement legal policies, international agreements and national legislations which will safeguard the human rights of these female workers. Currently existing national laws are insufficient since the human rights of these females are violated frequently. The International laws will provide and protect the female workers, but the existing Sri Lankan judiciary does not support that fully. This paper recommends domestic laws, policies, and, practices to be instigated in order to identify resolutions to fight the key concerns.

81-97.

Authors: Isaac Iortimbir Aun

Street entrepreneurship is universal across the world but most common in less developed and emerging economies. The difficulties confronting roadside small business owners in Nigeria is connectivity to funding assistance, as a shortage of resources and metropolitan regulatory requirements and by-laws forced numerous SMEs to convert from licenced to unregistered enterprises. The study examines the impact of roadside entrepreneurship on the performance of SMEs, with a particular focus on operators in the Ilorin city. Since the study population is large and unknown Cochran sample size formula was used to determining the sample size of 385. A questionnaire was designed using structured questions to obtain primary data from respondents in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State. A total of three hundred and eighty-five (385) copies of the questionnaire were administered, out of which three hundred and sixty-eight (368) were complete and found usable. The formulated hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and correlation with the aid of SPSS v21. The study’s findings revealed that; street entrepreneurship transformative measures significantly affect SMEs’ profitability with an R2 value of .863, using correlation a strong positive relationship between this street entrepreneurship transformative measures and customer retention of SMEs with .932 having psychological and personal factors as the highest. Hence, the study concluded that all transformative measures of street entrepreneurship significantly affect profitability, customer and retention. Therefore, it was recommended that state government should consider giving out financial aids to street entrepreneurs and empowerment and assist the transformation of existing street entrepreneurship ventures into SMEs.

1-13.

Authors: Farha Sultana, Amina Akter

E-commerce (Electronic commerce) is a big hit in today’s market. E-commerce is an abbreviation for electronic commerce. E-commerce is that the purchase and sale of products and services over the net. E-commerce is a term used to describe the shift from a regular market to a digital marketplace. It is a new era in business. As Bangladesh progresses toward becoming a digital Bangladesh, the participation of women in digital platform is tremendous over the past two centuries and their participation as digital entrepreneurs is inspiring. This noteworthy way of doing business is progressing admirably all over the world, and Bangladesh does too. The sample of the study was exploited using the convenient sampling technique. Primary information was collected using structured forms and the questionnaire consist of statements in Likert’s five-point scale and secondary data was collected using various types of journals, document, and paper cutting etc. The primary area contains a segment profile of the respondents, and the second section is a questionnaire designed to understand women's involvement in the E-commerce sector and their perspectives in Bangladesh. The focus of this study is to evaluate the present state of women's e-commerce in Bangladesh, as well as to investigate the components, and challenges, and to sort out those challenges: road to fix it. The results of this study showed that, Cyber security now drives online-based businesses, resulting in web users building trust in the digital world. Finally, everyone in the community must collaborate to secure women's digital access and a safe atmosphere.

31-50.

Authors: Roumel Bryan D. Laig, Ferdinand T. Abocejo

This study assessed the change management process of a mining company following the 8-step change model advocated by Kotter in 1996. It investigated the association between change readiness factors which comprised job satisfaction, job uncertainty and organizational commitment and the change perception of the entire organization. The study employed a quantitative descriptive survey research design to methodically describe the observed change procedures, analyzed the association between change readiness factors and organizational change perception. Of the 192 mining company employees and stakeholders, 134 were randomly chosen through stratified sampling technique representing the operations division, support division and the organizational design group. Primary data were collected through survey questionnaires to stakeholders’ respondents holding various positions. The finding revealed that about 78 percent of the respondents agreed to step 8 of Kotter’s theory as instrumental in accomplishing the “make the change stick to the company’s culture”. They noted that the 8 steps from Kotter’s theory resulted to greater than 75 percent increase in productivity. There was a highly significant correlation (α < 0.01) between change readiness factors (job satisfaction, job uncertainty and organizational commitment) and the change perception of stakeholders. The higher the mining company adheres to change readiness factors, the more likely it can achieve success of change initiatives. In conclusion, the three identified change factors had direct bearing on the company stakeholders’ change perception. We recommend for a similar study to be pursued which could include other pertinent variables other than job satisfaction, job uncertainty and organizational commitment.

62-69.

Authors: Sareer Ahmad, Majid Ali, Ihsan Ullah Hussain

Export is the backbone of healthy economies and Pakistan is the emerging economies of the South Asian region. This study examines the impact of the exchange rate on Pakistani exports using time series data from the period 1980 to 2018. Secondary data are taken from the central bank (State Bank of Pakistan) and WDI (World Development Indicators). Unit root and Phillips Peron test were used to check the stationarity of the variables while the ARDL model was applied to verify the relations between variables. The findings of the study demonstrated that the exchange rate has negative and insignificant relations with Pakistani exports. Exchange rate appreciation hurts the trade balance of Pakistan. The policy implication based on our findings is that heavy fluctuations in the exchange rate have limited importance, The trade balance is always a deficit in Pakistan because our exports are the primary product due to this market price charges are low. It indicates that only the exchange rate is not a fruitful option to boost the trade balance.

86-106.

Authors: Cemil Kuzey

The investigation of the job satisfaction dimensions is crucial before further analysis such as testing the research hypotheses. The widely used approach includes Exploratory Factor Analysis with principal components analysis, unweighted least squares, generalized least squares, maximum likelihood, principal axis factoring, alpha factoring, and image factoring. The study focuses on investigation of the underlying dimensions of the job satisfaction of the knowledge workers in healthcare using multiple methods. The target sample of the research is the health care personnel including nurses, administrators, and doctors as the knowledge workers. Toward this end, a theory-based classical approaches are utilized. Healthcare employee’s job satisfaction is an important in the successful performance of institutions. A rich literature of academic studies has showed that personnel’s satisfaction is critical for the successful performance of organizations. The dimensions healthcare workers’ satisfaction as the knowledge workers were extracted by employing: (i) Exploratory Factor Analysis method, (ii) Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The sample of this study were collected via a survey from health care personnel as knowledge workers. There are 249 observations collected from healthcare workers. A set of 34 items are utilized to investigate the job satisfaction of the healthcare knowledge workers. The results of the factor analysis indicated that six underlying crucial factors are extracted: attitude of management, organizational support, job security, reward and pay, working conditions, attitude of colleagues.

1-9.

Authors: Inayath Ahamed S B, Dinesh Elango

This novel study examines the relation of work-life balance with different job resigning approaches. The core objective of this study is to explore the impact of job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment on the work-life balance of banking professionals. A structured questionnaire used for collecting data from top management of banking professionals. The sample size is 300 and out of 300 samples, 259 (86.3%) had responded about their experiences towards redesign approaches with work-life balance. The work-life balance considered as a dependent variable and job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment is taken as independent variables. The multiple regression model used to analyze and explore the significant relation between work-life balances and job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment. The findings of the study established that there is a positive correlation between two approaches of job resign namely job enrichment and job enlargement and work-life balance and a negative correlation between job rotation and work-life balance.

24-36.

Authors: Somvixay Chanthavong

Financial system plays a key role in allocating the investment fund from household savings to the corporate sector, and increases the risk sharing among individuals and the firms. The understanding of timely financial market participation is hence crucial, particularly in the country that is on the journey of graduation from the least developed country, called Lao People’s Democratic Republic. This research therefore focuses on prescribing the transition of financial system by providing the story of financial development evolution from first independent period and present direction. This pioneer article aims to create the clear understanding on how the Lao financial institutions have been formed up periodically, and what the principal strategies are presented from government in responding to the economic change of the nation. As the result, we find that the financial system in Laos seems to have impressive growth during the transition period, while the foreign branches have mostly covered and been large size in term of total assets comparing to other bank categories. This identifies a significant challenge for local banks in regard to the competition condition. Hence, we recommend considering more proper strategies on foreign own banks aiming to utilize their asset to financial intermediation as well as prevent them from having too large market power.

48-62.

Authors: Louie Giray

In any work setting, work values play an indispensable role in the success of an employee. Similarly, in the arena of education, the success of a teacher in his or her endeavor can be attributed on work values. The current study, which employs a descriptive research approach, builds on existing scholarly investigation on work values in the education industry by (1) assessing the work values of 155 secondary school teachers in Taguig City, Philippines; and (2) examining whether there is a significant difference between the work values and demographic variables. Results show that (1) all the work values—discipline, creativity, orderliness, patience, decisiveness, and achievement—are generally very much practiced; and (2) there is no significant difference between work values and each demographic variable. In light of the conclusions, schools should aid inspire secondary school teachers in developing their work values to improve oneself personally and professionally which can influence the performance of the school as a whole. It is also encouraged to broaden the subject matter's purview by expanding it to the regional and national levels.

1-30.

Authors: Tasin Alif

For a country like Bangladesh, ensuring financial access to all level of business, entrepreneurship and individual should be a critical priority. In the development of any country, a well trusted financial system is a prerequisite. Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) were established for meeting the special and growing financial needs of the country. Only a few of NBFIs are running their operation effectively. One of the listed NBFIs, People’s Leasing , are currently on liquidation due to the collapse of its financial condition in the last several years. The NBFIs sector is new and small as compared to Banks, the event of liquidation is the first event of liquidation in this sector which made this sector vulnerable. Many more NBFIs are already at stake, which could be subject to liquidation or similar types of actions in the near future. This paper examined all the listed NBFIs and found that more NBFIs may face the same types of regulatory risk as like as the PLFSL in the near future. Finding alternative sources of funds should be a priority of this industry as the higher cost of funds continues to rise over the years. In 2018, the cost of weighted average fund of NBFIs was 70% upper than Banks. The Non-performing Loan (NPL) of NBFIs is continuously increasing. At the end of 2018, their NPL raised at 7.77% of their overall Leases, loans and advances. This paper shows that the retained earnings of listed NBFIs industry, is in decreasing trend over the last five years, their retained earnings goes down to negative in 2017 at 1.68 billion and at the end of 2018 it was negative 2.90 billion. After the liquidation of PLFSL, a systemic risk was evolved in the industry. Investors and depositors are confused about whether to keep their investment or not. Annual growth of deposit falls to 5.86 % in 2018. This sector also experienced a negative trend of NIM from the last five years. Also, some NBFIs are experiencing negative Interest rate spread (IRS). NBFIs are engaged in direct competition with the banks now, specially, after banks entry in the leasing activity. NBFIs firstly come into seen with the leasing products but currently the overall leasing activities of NBFI industry is at the level of 13.6 %. The annual growth of total asset was not satisfactory due to the fall of the growth rate of their asset in 2018. Total asset as compared to GDP was also reduced to 2.75% (2018) from 3% of 2017. This sector may be able to act significantly in our financial sector if we can handle the current situation. If this sector is given appropriate support for overcoming their condition, this sector can also be a sustainable sector.

39-64.

Authors: Cemil Kuzey, Muhammet Sait Dinc, Farzan Ullah Khan, Victor Raj

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a key element of the global economy, which is an engine of employment, technological progress, productivity improvements, and, ultimately, economic growth, especially within emerging countries. As an emerging country, India has attracted the attention of multinational enterprises in recent years. This study aims to explore a variety of foreign direct investment decision-making motives of multinational enterprises which have entered the market in India. Qualitative research methodology was incorporated in this study to investigate different FDI decision-making motives by means of interviews with the representatives of eight companies who hold enterprises in India in which the study findings regarding the various entry modes, location choices, strategies, opportunities and challenges faced by multinational entities in the Indian market were explored.

86-99.

Authors: Puman Hou, Benny Lim

China celebrated the 70th anniversary of its founding in 2019, and this has triggered heightened imagination towards traditional Chinese arts and culture. In the same year, its Ministry of Culture and Tourism rolled out a comprehensive plan to conserve traditional artforms by promoting active revitalization. This exploratory research investigates the possible strategies, as well as areas of contention, in commercializing traditional performing arts, specifically, Chinese crosstalk. An in-depth case study of well-known Chinese crosstalk company, Deyunshe, is carried out. Case study involves in-depth investigations and the eventual understanding of real-world situations and phenomena. Deyunshe is one of the very few established Chinese crosstalk companies in China dedicated to revitalizing the art form. Research outcomes show that Deyunshe has been successful in revitalizing and commercializing Chinese crosstalk with its effective product, place, price, people, and physical evidence strategies. This in turn creates a viable model for traditional performing arts in China, crosstalk or otherwise, to be revitalized and made marketable. Nevertheless, the over-revitalization/commercialization of traditional performing arts may also result in the subordination of the artistic values of the artforms.

1-19.

Authors: Abdurrahim Emhan, Serkan Bayraktaroğlu, Sinem Güravşar Gökçe, Gökşen Topuz, Mehmet Fatih Yaşar

In this study, leadership style perceptions, emotion regulation abilities, and organizational performance perceptions of employees in the banking sector, and mediating effect of emotion regulation on the relationship of performance and leadership styles were measured. To test the model, a questionnaire was applied to the banking sector employees working in the Diyarbakır province of Turkey. As a result of the Structural Equation Model (SEM), emotion regulation mediates between performance and transformational leadership. The relationship between performance, transactional leadership style, and laissez-fair leadership style was not significant. A mediating effect of emotion regulation between organizational performance and leadership perception was examined by the same model. Also, some differences were found in terms of demographical variables.

52-63.

Authors: Wong Kok Yaw

Halal food industry is expanding in international marketplace due to the increasing number in Muslims. Enterprises from the globe are encouraged to invest in this market since many countries have lowered their restriction on foreign investment. Vietnamese market is viewed as a strong potential for the growth of Halal foods with its national trade promotion program to encourage local and foreign firms to produce halal foods. Getting more Malaysia small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are entering into Vietnam Halal food industry in recent years and the number is increasing in recent years. They are advised to conduct country environmental analysis and entry mode evaluation in order to discover the potential impacts on their foreign investment. It is also useful for SMEs to identify the opportunities in Vietnamese market.

75-88.

Authors: Rahji Ohize Ibrahim, Kamaldeen Ibraheem Nageri

Erstwhile studies proved that debt can positively or negatively affect firm's performance. This study tests the long run and short run dynamic of debt on firm‘s performance in the context of the negative and positive effects. The panel cointegration model, fully modified Ordinary Least Square and error correction model were employed. The panel cointegration result indicates existence of long run relationship between debt and firm performance. 19.85% long run disequilibrium is corrected within a year while there is significant short run relationship between debt and return on investment. In the same vein, 1.52% long run disequilibrium is corrected within a year while there is significant short run relationship between debt and return on assets. This implies that the use of debt on investment and asset, should be properly scrutinise within the fine line of investment and asset to determine optimal use.