Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

7-17

Authors: Borozna Vilia, Burkin Alexander

Artificial leather is widely used in shoe industry. Artificial leather is exposed to various influences while wearing shoes. Existing methodology do not allow to evaluate the performance properties. This article describes a new method to assess the performance properties of artificial leather. Method takes into account technological and exploitative influence. The article presents the results of a research of the performance properties of artificial leather. The objects of the study were artificial leather with a three-layer structure.

29-36

Authors: Kulandin Anton, Kogan Alexander

Work has been carried out to increase the volume of the core-spun cotton-polyester yarn under the influence of microwave current. A technique for conducting experiments has been developed. As a result, it was found that the ultra-high frequency currents have an effect and can be used as a wet-heat treatment. Optimization of the technology for obtaining a bulk core-spun cotton-polyester yarn has been carried out, and the optimal parameters of the wet-heat treatment have been determined.

45-51

Authors: Ryklin Dzmitry, Davidziuk Vital

The paper is devoted to simulation of the structure of blended yarns containing conductive fibers for manufacturing textiles with antistatic properties. The objective of the simulation model development was determining of reasonable blended yarn structure which is a guarantee of its electrical properties permanence. The development model takes into account the fibers migration in yarn cross-sections. The model can be used for investigation to assess the influence of the structure and composition of a single blended yarn containing conductive fibers on its properties, as well as for development more complex model of twisted yarn.

62-73

Authors: Charkovskij Alexander, Alekseev Denis

The aim of the work is to develop 3D models of the structures of filling knit of the main and derived weaves. As the object of study, the samples of the main weave knitwear (elastic 1+1) and derived interlacing (derived surface) were selected. The process of creation of 3D models of the structure of knitwear of the main and derivative interlacings is described on specific specimen. The proposed process of creating 3D models of the structure of the knit to be divided into 4 stages: identification of the sample is knit in accordance with the generally accepted classification; the mapping of the structure of knitted fabric (geometrical model); the choice of the program for work with three-dimensional graphics; development of three-dimensional models of the structure of knitted fabric (3D model). Presentations of 3D models allow to consider the structure of knitwear in the smallest detail, from different angles, with a stop image in any position and can be used in experimental work in the production of scientific research, as well as in the educational process.

84-94

Authors: Mishchenko Anna, Mishchenko Elena, Tkach Valentina, Kachuk Daria

The features of formation of polymer films from aqueous dispersions of polyurethane ionomers and the possibility of resolving a number of technological problems of pigment printing due to specific properties acquired by polyurethanes when ionic groups are introduced into their macromolecules are showed in the paper. A feature of the investigated aqueous dispersions is their lyophilicity, which is due to the introduction of ionic groups in salt form into the polymeric chains. Due to lyophilicity, film formation from these dispersions proceeds through the stages of formation of intermediate reversible gels with flocculation contacts, which easily break down. It is shown in the article that this property of dispersions of polyurethane ionomers provides to printing compositions on its’ basis the ability to be easily removed from working areas of printing equipment when it is washed, significantly extends the service life of printing templates, eliminates the build-up of binder polymer, and the need to add special substances to print compositions for this goal, which reduce the stability of colors. It is shown that the character of the ionic group of a polymer affects the rate of formation of films: it is higher for dispersions of carboxyl-containing polyurethane than for dispersions of a sulfo-containing polymer, which is especially evident in the second stage of the formation of a film on which the gel is compressed. At this stage, the rate of water removal from the gel of the anion-active sulfonated polymer is half as much as that of the gel formed from the polyurethane containing the carboxyl group in the salt form. The formation of films of anionic dispersions of polyurethanes through the stage of intermediate gel formation extends the shelf life of paints without changes of the printing and technical properties.

104-111

Authors: Yasinskaya Natallia, Skobova Natallia, Kotko Ksenia

The most important in the technology of finishing of textile materials is the operation of preparing for coloring. Most of the operations of the finishing production of the textile industry are associated with chemical and physical-and-chemical effects on the fiber in quite harsh conditions – high temperature, aggressive chemical materials that have a destructive effect on the fiber-forming polymer. The actual task is to develop complex technologies for treating of flax materials to minimize the effect of chemicals on the fiber-forming polymer – cellulose, as well as to improve the environmental friendliness of finishing technologies. Biotechnology has particular practical importance, aimed at the use of enzymes of various activity in low temperatures and in neutral environments. Studies of the bioprocessing of flax fabrics with the enzyme preparation Pectinase were carried out, during which the optimal scheme of material preparation was chosen, rational technological regimes were determined: processing temperature – 50 °C, duration – 30 min, concentration of the enzyme preparation Pectinase – 3–4 g/l. Efficiency of use is proved by the results of studies of the capillary and strength properties of linen fabrics.

123-134

Authors: Kasayeva Tamara

The increased interest in the value added indicator in the modern economy requires the development of appropriate methodological support for the application of this indicator to assess the performance of individual institutional units – commercial organizations. The purpose of this study is to justify the feasibility and necessity of using the value added indicator as an effect of the functioning of a business and the development of the main directions of its analysis. As such areas in the study are considered: analysis of the formation of value added, analysis of the composition and structure of value added by the distribution method, factor analysis of the value added indicator, comparative analysis of the dynamics of production efficiency indicators calculated by value added and production volume, comparative analysis of financial efficiency, The choice of areas of analysis is based on the content of the available information support in the statistical reporting of industrial organizations. The results of testing the proposed method in the conditions of various industrial organizations are given. Conclusions about the expansion of the practice of using the value added indicator in the analysis of the effectiveness of the organization’s activities are made, which enables to bring together the assessment of the functioning of economic systems at macro and micro level.

143-154

Authors: Shamshur Anastasiya

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the activation of clustering processes in the field of innovative entrepreneurship in many economic systems. The object of the research is the types of innovative enterprises. The subject of the research is clustering as a way of cooperation of innovative entrepreneurship. The aim of the study is to identify the main methods of clustering, their relationship with the types of innovative entrepreneurship, cluster models and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of clustering. As a result of research conclusions about interdependence and interdependence of level of development of innovative business, model of development of a cluster, a method of clustering and an assessment of its efficiency were received. The results of the study can be used in the development of cluster policy in the field of innovative entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus.