Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

10-18

Authors: Marina Guseva, Elena Andreeva, Yuliya Rogozhina

Despite many years of automation experience, the final inspection stage has not yet been digitized. At sewing enterprises, traditionally, the detection of defects in batches of finished clothes is carried out by contact method by the employees of the technical control department. The aim of the study is to develop a method for recognizing technological and design defects that reduce the grade of products for remote monitoring of the quality of sewing semi-finished products and finished products using a computer vision software- and-hardware complex. An analysis of the existing methods for identifying visual information has shown that to achieve the task, the Haar cascade classifier can be used, which makes it possible to recognize scanned objects with a high degree of reliability by comparing the characteristics of images with templates. The authors have developed the GarmentScanner software and hardware system, which reads visual information using machine vision, classifies it using the Viola/Jones algorithm based on the calculation of the total brightness of pixels in arbitrary rectangular areas, and performs metric actions. At the current stage of the study, the GarmentScanner software works with photographic images of finished products of flat shapes (t-shirts, shorts). The following attributes were selected as the tested attributes: the coordinates of the base and reference points on the product (in accordance with the model features); the symmetry of the contour; the conformity of the dimensions of a particular model to the reference sample (according to the table of measures). Approbation of GarmentScanner work is carried out at outsourcing sewing enterprises in China, cooperating with Russian design agencies. An additional effect from the use of GarmentScanner was the reduction of conflict situations in production, arising against the background of different interpretations by customers from Russia and outsourcing contractors of the concept of "production quality and its rejection".

33-46

Authors: Vera Davydzenkava, Valeri Alshanski

With the onset of the autumn-spring period, tasks of rescuing people in open water are of particular urgency for the rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus. The available personal protective suits allow rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations to perform certain types of rescue operations in cold and hot water at a depth of up to 130 cm, resting their feet on the ground. Rescue of exhausted or unconscious people at a depth of more than 130 cm in such suits is not possible. One way to solve this problem is to modernize the existing personal protective suit by introducing a positive buoyancy element into the inner heat-insulating overalls. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of positive buoyancy and stability of a combined personal protection suit, based on the theory of body swimming. It has been determined that in order to maintain the suit's own buoyancy, its design should provide for the presence of positive buoyancy elements made of polyethylene foam with a total area of at least 6,359.3 cm2 with a single layer thickness of 8 mm. The preservation of the transverse and longitudinal stability of the combined personal protective suit of the rescuer will be ensured if, when designing it, the placement of elements of positive buoyancy in the chest, shoulder girdle from the back, neck and forearms is provided.  Taking into account the above recommendations operational tests of an experimental model were performed on the basis of the center of the diving and rescue service of the Republican Special Forces. It is found out that the upgraded experimental sample of the suit provided has the necessary speed of putting on, ergonomics, lightness, is sufficiently resistant to tears, provides positive buoyancy and safety of the rescuer during work related to rescuing people on water (ice), being outdoors at low temperature (letter dated November 16, 2020 № 52/03-06/848). 

53-63

Authors: Dzmitry Ryklin, Volha Dubrouskaya

The object of research is shielding antistatic fabrics containing Bekinox steel fibers. The objective of the work is to determine the shielding efficiency of fabrics containing Bekinox steel fibers, providing a given level of shielding properties, for subsequent consideration of the information obtained when developing a technique for designing fabrics for special purposes. The optimal distance between electrically conductive threads was selected for the production of fabric with shielding properties, which allows creating the best reflective effect of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the fabric. As a result of statistical processing of experimental data, a mathematical model was developed that describes the dependence of the fabrics shielding efficiency coefficient on the distance between electrically conductive threads of Bekinox steel fibers in the warp and weft of 5 mm and 10 mm. When analyzing the test results of shielding fabrics, it was found that under UHF radiation only 4-layered fabrics can be used with the distance between electrically conductive yarns of 5 mm, they have sufficient shielding ability. With an increase in the radiation frequency to 18 GHz, the shielding ability of fabrics decreases to 25 dB. Consequently, these investigated fabrics can be used as a radio absorbing material with protective properties in the microwave range.

71-81

Authors: Elena Sheremet, Marina Shevtsova, Liliya Sheverinova

The subject of the study is the resistance of special shoes with genuine leather uppers to aggressive environments. The paper studies the effect of alkali and acid on the structure and strength properties of shoes with genuine leather uppers used in the chemical industry. The study was carried out using existing methods that differ in conditions and test modes. The level of influence of aggressive environments and test conditions on the material of the uppers of special footwear was determined. A microscopic method was used to study changes in the structure of skins after exposure to aggressive media. This study is of practical importance for shoe enterprises in the formation of the quality of special footwear at the pre-production stage and procedures for mandatory confirmation of compliance with the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts.

94-103

Authors: Dmitry Lisouski, Natalia Yasinskaya

The article presents the results of a study of the process of biochemical flax fiber cottonization using multi-enzyme compositions, including pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. The methods and results of determining the activity of the enzymes used are presented. Bioscouring of cottonized flax fiber was carried out, using pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes with following peroxide bleaching. Treatment with high concentrations of cellulolytic enzymes significantly increased the short fiber index and reduced fiber strength. Enzyme treatment with pectinases and their mixtures with cellulase led to the production of cottonized fiber with a degree of whiteness higher by 4.3–4.5 %; a linear density lower by 12–25 %; a weight loss by 52–54 % lower in comparison with the traditionally prepared fiber. The optimal concentration of pectinase in the cooking solution (2–3 g/l) was determined. Thus, the preliminary enzymatic treatment made it possible to obtain cottonized flax fiber with improved physical and mechanical properties.

119-125

Authors: Vera Chykunskaya, Leonid Shcherbina, Valery Ogorodnikov, Iryna Budkute

The article summarizes results of studies of homophase synthesis of a copolymer based on acrylonitrile and 2-acrylamid-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid synthesized with an acidic comonomer content in a reaction mixture of 30 % (by weight of monomers) in a 51.5 % aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate. On its basis, fibrous and granular ion-exchange materials were produced and their sorption activity was studied. By the method of acid-base titration, its static exchange capacity (SOE) was determined, which amounted to 1.40 mmol-eq/g. Complexometric titration was used to produce data on the dynamics of sorption of zinc ions by ionite from ZnSO4 solutions in the concentration range of 0.001– 0.1 mol-eq/dm3. The dynamic characteristics of the sorption of zinc ions by the ion exchanger in H+ and Na+-forms are given. It is noted that it is difficult to work with materials containing more than 30 % (by weight of monomers) of the acidic comonomer, due to the strong swelling of the sample.

135-144

Authors: Alena Aliakseyeva, Anna Skakalova, Valeriya Khaletskaya

In the article, staff skills are considered as a source of competitive advantages. It has been determined that in the context of the digitalization of the economy, the requirements for staff skills are increasing, labor becomes hybrid, the lack of digital skills slows down the process of digital transformation, which is necessary for textile, apparel and shoe industry to maintain competitiveness. The article presents the results of a study of the staff skills at an apparel enterprise, conducted by a survey method based on the author's questionnaire. In the study framework, based on the self-assessment of staff, an assessment of the demand for skills in a particular workplace, an assessment of the mismatch and requiring improvement skills, as well as the interest of the staff in skills development have been done. The methodological approach has been tested on the example of an apparel company and allows to identify mismatches of skills, as well as to create staff training programs aimed at reducing the mismatch and ensuring the development of the organization's competitive advantages by increasing the matching of skills to the requirements of jobs.

158-168

Authors: Polina Nemkina, Tamara Kasayeva

In modern conditions of development of the national economy, the tasks of operational analysis of the financial condition and financial performance of commercial organizations, timely identification of existing risks and finding balanced management decisions are particularly relevant. In this concept, the income and expenses of the organization are considered as factors of the formation of the financial result of the organization and the objects of management. An objective assessment of the quality of income received and expenses incurred can serve as information support for making appropriate decisions. The study of the theory and practice of economic analysis has shown that today one of the most effective tools for solving the tasks is the scoring model. Theoretical studies conducted by the authors allowed us to determine the main areas of application of scoring models; assessment of creditworthiness, formation of assortment policy, sociological research, financial analysis. An attempt to apply the developed scoring models of financial analysis in real business conditions revealed the need for their development both in terms of the set of indicators used and in relation to the final assessment. Elements of the scientific novelty of the research are the following: the classification of scoring models proposed by the authors, as well as the methodology for analyzing the income and expenses of an organization based on an expanded scoring model. They allow not only to assess the quality of income and expenses, but also to determine the directions of development of management decisions to improve their quality.

181-191

Authors: Olga Sovetnikova, Anastasiya Petrova 

Modernization of agriculture with the use of the latest digital technologies is one of the key global trends today. The authors found that in the context of sustainable development, the digital transformation of the economy is one of the key elements in building a technological information society based on ongoing social-and-economic processes. The purpose of the study is to identify the need for the modernization of agriculture in the digital economy, which improves the quality of sectoral management. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the main policy documents approved for the medium and long term and related to the development of agriculture in the context of the digitalization of the economy; assessment of the main indicators of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Belarus; identification of the main problems of agricultural development. The analysis made it possible to develop the main directions for the development of agriculture in the context of digitalization, which can be used to make managerial decisions by republican and regional government bodies in the formation and implementation of regional and state programs for the development of the agroindustrial complex.

203-217

Authors: Galina Yasheva, Yuliya Nikolaeva, Veronika Kondratieva 

World experience shows that the cluster is the most effective organizational form of business, stimulating the development of innovations and increasing the competitiveness of both individual business entities and regional, national economies. In international practice, the spread of cluster initiatives and the formation of national policies in the field of cluster development has become ubiquitous since the beginning of the 21st century. Today, industries of many European countries are fully or partially covered by clustering, and specialized infrastructure is being created. The positive experience of Europe can be applied to the implementation of cluster policy in the Republic of Belarus. To do this, a comparative analysis of clustering factors was performed. The article provides a comparative analysis of clustering processes in European countries and the Republic of Belarus. The historical prerequisites for the formation of cluster policy and its evolutionary result are analyzed: the number of clusters in countries, their specialization and structure in relation to compliance with the cluster criteria are determined. Cluster support institutions and priority areas of activity, as well as the role of the state in the development of clusters, are identified. The sources of funding for cluster programs are analyzed, the levels of implementation of cluster projects are determined.

9-18

Authors: Bashmetau Valery

Calculations and analysis of the magnitude of the total technological loads on the warp threads on average per heddle in each cycle of shedding with clean, uneven and special shade was carried out. Technological loads were determined in the phase of full opening of the shed with a different number of heddles in the loom. The research determined the dependence of technological loads on the type of shed formed on the loom, on the weave of the fabric, on the number and ordinal number of heddles, on the position of the warp stop motion in height relative to the spade line, on the degree of tension of the upper and lower components of the shed. The choice of the type of shed formed on the loom and the optimization of its parameters make it possible to minimize the technological loads on the part of the warp threads on the heddle of the shedding mechanism in order to reduce the tension of the technological process of weaving.

35-42

Authors: Dzerkachenka Pavel, Burkin Alexander

The article is concerned with the development of recommendations for rationalization the measurement methodology of determining the total and residual deformation of the stiffeners, regulated by quality standard GOST 9135-2004 “Shoes. Method for determining the total and residual deformation of the toe puff and stiffeners”. This technique has a number of disadvantages, which are as follows: – the standard inserts in the stiffeners, as a rule, do not correspond to their internal shape and size; – the scale factor is not taken into account when applying the same deformation load for shoes that have different average sizes; The disadvantages mentioned above can be eliminated without making changes to the design of ZhNZO-2 device, but only to the testing procedure and the equipment used for this. The article also presents studies of the residual deformation of natural leathers, cardboards and stiffeners, which show that the use of new equipment and changes in the methodology regulated by GOST 9135-2004 can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of the results. The objects of study are genuine leather “Elite”, cardboard for stiffeners “Ledtrret 22” and stiffeners. The results of the work can be used as recommendations for improving the methodology and equipment for assessing the overall and residual deformation of the stiffeners.

53-67

Authors: Maruschak Yulia, Lenko Ksenia, Yasinskaya Natalia, Petyul Irina, Groshev Ivan

To date, there are no objective methods for evaluating the feel of cloth, with which it would be possible to quantify the effect after softening. However, most researchers argue that for an objective assessment of the feel of cloth after the textile softening finishing, it is possible to use the index of the tangential resistance coefficient. Methods for determining the coefficient of tangential resistance are varied. In this paper, we considered the method of horizontal and inclined plane. The purpose of this work is to determine the rational parameters for measuring the tangential resistance coefficient by the horizontal plane method, namely, the choice of the optimal number of tests, the study of the influence of the contact area, the speed of the carrier plane on the tangential resistance coefficient of textile fabrics, and also to compare two methods for determining the tangential resistance coefficient using the horizontal plane method on the FPT-F1 device and by the inclined plane method. The study found that for the reliability of the results it is necessary to measure the tangential resistance coefficient at least 13 times, taking into account the last three values. The dependence of the coefficient of tangential resistance on the contact area and the speed of movement of the carrier plane is established. It is concluded that for woven fabrics it is recommended to use a block with a size of 65x120 mm. It has been experimentally established that in order to increase the sensitivity of the horizontal plane method when determining the coefficient of tangential resistance of woven fabrics, it is recommended to set the speed to 150–200 mm/min. The results of comparing the two methods showed that the tangential resistance coefficient is not a constant value and depends on the method used.

80-88

Authors: Pyatov Vladislav, Holubeu Aliaksei

The subject of the research is the technology of computer-aided design of an extrusion tool, in particular, an extrusion die and a power screw of an extruder for processing viscous-plastic compressible media. The calculation scheme of the deformation zone in the design of an extrusion die is given, an algorithm and a fragment of calculations of its geometric parameters are offered. For a screw with a rectangular channel profile, the distribution of shear stresses is shown, an algorithm and an example of calculating the geometric parameters of the screw channel are proposed. The considered design technology is based on a theoretical model that relates the rheological properties and tribotechnical characteristics of the processed material with the geometric parameters of the extrusion tool. Examples of designs of the forming head and the power screw of the extruder, designed on the basis of the performed calculations, are shown. The results of the work can be useful in the development of specialized CAD for parts and assemblies of extrusion equipment.

99-114

Authors: Zhornik Viktor, Ivakhnik Anton, Zapolsky Andrey

The features of the formation of the structure and properties of the environmentally friendly lubricants (EFL) based on the mixture of the vegetable and mineral oils are investigated. The formulation and technological regimes of the manufacturing of the soap lithium-calcium grease and liquid lubricant were developed using the results of experimental and statistical modeling. It is shown that for the production of the EFL the highly purified oil of group III according to the API standard is advisable to use as the mineral component of the oil composition, that is characterized by high rheological and tribological properties as well as improved environmental qualities. The obtaining method of the environmentally friendly grease with the mixed dispersion medium (the mixture of the rapeseed and mineral group III according to the API standard oils) is described, that allows to reduce the harmful effects of the water and high temperature on the vegetable component of the dispersion medium and to improve the properties of the grease. This grease has higher rheological (temperature dropping point– 180 °С, colloidal stability – 8 %) and tribological (welding load – 1960 N, wear index – 0,46 mm) values than the greases thickened with the single lithium (grease Litol-24) or the single calcium (grease Solidol C) soap. The lubricating oil for the saw chains made from domestic raw materials is developed, that has the parameter similar to the analog oil of the Husqvarna Bio Advanced brand. The biodegradability of the developed environmentally friendly liquid and plastic lubricants is 93 % and 89 % respectively, while the developed EFLs are characterized by high stability (for at least 12 months) of the rheological and tribological properties.

125-138

Authors: Tomasheva Rita, Filipovich Iryna

The article considers the issues of technology development and evaluation of the quality of the dye-fat processes in the manufacture of leathers from cattle hides. The well-known technological schemes for performing liquid finishing operations of semi-finished leather products are analyzed. A rational technology of dyeing and fat processes in the manufacture of elastic leathers for the upper of shoes has been selected and worked out in production conditions. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of the dyeing processes was carried out according to a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators and the influence of dyeing and fat processes on the change in the physical and mechanical properties of semifinished leather products was investigated. It is found out that the tested technology ensures the production of a semi-finished leather of high quality, with a deep, durable, uniform and resistant to chemical and physical-and-mechanical effects of coloring. The semi-finished product obtained during technological processing according to the complex of mechanical properties meets the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation. Recommendations have been developed to optimize the technology of dyeing and fat finishing processes of semi-finished leather products. The industrial use of the proven technology will allow the production of leather materials of a given quality level and increase production efficiency.

155-169

Authors: Kalinouskaya Iryna

The HR Zero concept has emerged as a result of the digitalization of the economy, the continuous development of technology and the increasing role of the line manager in the personnel management of the organization. This is the principle of the organization of human resource management processes in the company, which allows automating personnel procedures for the search, hiring, adaptation, training and motivation of employees with the help of a specialized software product based on Big Data and artificial intelligence technologies; effectively delegate part of the functions of HR specialists to line managers and related specialists who have closer contact and trusting relationships with department employees; create a flexible organizational environment with a comfortable climate in a team with a high degree of loyalty and commitment to the company; reorient HR services from routine operations and personnel records management to talent management and planning processes, forecasting and development of the company's development strategy. The purpose of the study was to establish the possibility of applying HR Zero concept in Belarusian organizations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: identification of existing skills of HR specialists; analysis of changes in the skills of these specialists; assessment of compliance of HR specialists' competencies with labor market requirements; classification of competencies and analysis of the possibility of automation of HR operations and the application of HR Zero concept by Belarusian organizations. During the research, the method of nonparametric analysis was used and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The analysis made it possible to conclude that at this stage HR Zero concept in Belarusian organizations is applicable in fragments, for individual operations. This is due to the specifics of the work of HR specialists and the requirements of the Belarusian labor market, and also depends on the overall level of digitalization of domestic organizations.

181-196

Authors: Kudins Janis, Komarova Vera, Cizo Edmunds, Kokarevica Anita

This study is aimed to empirically prove the hypothesis that currently the influence of workforce aging on the productivity of economy is determined by factors characterizing the level of territory development. The scientific and practical significance of this study is the contribution of the authors to a scientifically based empirical investigation of the influence of workforce aging (due to raising the retirement age) on the productivity of economy in the countries of the modern world. Methods of the empirical analysis. The theoretical background and methodology of this study are based on the concept of specific human capital by G. Becker and the conception of endogenous growth with its emphasis on technology development. The authors use several methods of quantitative data analysis: correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis in order to identify not only correlational parallelism, but also causal relationships between the variables included in the proof of the research hypothesis. Sources of empirical information. The authors used, whenever possible, the latest statistics from the World Health Organization, Trading Economics and PwC Global, as well as data from the report on the Global Talent Competitiveness Index for 63 countries. These countries represent different continents and have different levels of socio-economic development. The results of the conducted empirical analysis show that in the countries of the modern world, technological readiness, coupled with a high level of lifelong learning, are the catalysts that provide a stimulating effect of raising the retirement age (objectively leading to workforce aging) on the productivity of economy. The authors also concluded that raising the retirement age in the country, without considering the above factors, does not contribute to the effective use of the economic potential of older workers.

205-213

Authors: Rasseko Yuliya, Karpenko Yelena

The article presents the result of a study assessing the impact of a new category – the regional pace of life on the socio-economic indicators of the functioning of territories. The purpose of the development of the author's methodology was the reasonable possibility of its use in the system of regional management. The proposed methodological algorithm makes it possible to achieve the target positions of the socio-economic development of the region with the help of the selected typological grouping of tools for managing the regional pace of life. The tool developed by the authors can be used both as an independent means of territorial development and as an indicator of readiness for the development of additional resources by the region. The approbation of the methodology made it possible to identify the optimal development trajectory for Belarus and recommend two typological groups of tools for changing the regional pace of life. The problem solved in the study suggests the use of a new element of the regional development system, draws attention to the possibility of forming a modernized direction of regional development.

9-15

Authors: Maria Demidova, Dzmitry Ryklin

The object of research is electrospun nanofibrous webs. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of the collector rotation frequency on the fibers arrangement in the electrospun webs, as well as to assess the effect of fibers orientation on their deformation properties. It is proved that an increase in the frequency of rotation of the collector of the Fluidnatek LE-50 installation from 200 to 2000 min-1 leads to an increase in the degree of orientation of the nanofibers without a significant change in their average diameter. In this case, the distribution law of the angle of the fibers inclination changes from uniform to exponential one. With an increase in the degree of fibers orientation the strength of the electrospun web increases significantly and their breaking elongation decreases.

25-33

Authors: Galina Kazarnovskaya, Natallia Abramovich

The object of the research is the development of an assortment of analogs of copies of Slutsk belts, produced on modern weaving equipment. The aim of the work is to adapt the hand weaving technique for modern equipment to bring it closer to the historical one, as well as to optimize the structure, i.e. to lighten it in the middle of the belt. The technological peculiarity of this historical analogue is that the laying of wefts in the middle and in the border is not carried out across the entire width of the belt, as well as the presence of a large number of wefts playing the role of a "broche". It is proposed to lighten the structure of the fabric in the border and middle and thereby bring the modern belt as close as possible to the historical one, where there was no middle layer, by means of a new principle in the order of laying the wefts. Research and analysis of the structure of the historical sample of the belt allowed to conclude that it makes sense to lay wefts only on the background areas formed by them: change the wefts in the center of the belt and on the border between the middle and the border. All six shuttles are in operation on the machine: four of which form the color in the middle, two in the border. The ornament in the border is created not by "broche" wefts, as in the historical belt, but by a covering warp of two colors.

43-50

Authors: Valeri Alshanski, Uladislau Mults, Elena Zimina

The object of the study is a multilayer foiled material obtained from the waste of the textile industry. The aim of the work is to develop a method for determining the basic thermophysical properties of nonwovens. A method for finding the coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of non-woven fabrics made from textile waste is proposed. The article, describes experimental studies and discusses the dependences of changes in the thermophysical properties of nonwovens under the influence of a stationary heat flow on them. The developed installation and methodology allow us to quickly determine the thermophysical properties of foiled nonwovens, in comparison with materials that do not have a protective coating in the form of aluminum foil.

59-72

Authors: Parmanchuk Vera, Alshanski Valeri

The aim of the work is to compare the main thermal physical and physical-mechanical properties of finely dispersed fibrous particles from various materials. The authors conducted experimental studies of the definition of the geometric sizes of fine-divided particles and their influence on the structure and properties of multilayer heat-insulation materials, Hydrophysical, mechanical and thermophysical properties of short-fiber waste of the textile industry are determined. The results of the work allow to determine the main quantitative and qualitative indicators of fibrous masses consisting of fine-divided particles affecting the properties of multilayer heat-insulation materials. The use of ultra-thin and fine-tested fibers in finished products allows to give the latest unique consumer properties and to expand their scope.

81-89

Authors: Vladimir Stolyarenko, Valeri Alshanski

Subject of research: technological process of manufacturing a shank from a multicomponent composite material. Оbjective: development of technology for the production of a shank from multicomponent materials based on fiberglass. An original technological process for manufacturing a shank consisting of a multicomponent composite material, epoxy binder and fiberglass filler has been developed. The requirements for shanks and their manufacturing technology have been taken into account. The choice of material components and elements of the technological process has been made. Variants of physical modification of material components are selected. The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the properties of the binder has been investigated. The efficiency of using ultraviolet radiation at the initial stage of polymerization has been proven. Scientific novelty lies in the development of an original technological process, taking into account the advantages of the local industry and the requirements for the production of the liner. Shoe manufacturers can use this technological process.

104-114

Authors: Aliaksandr Hrachanikau, Andrej Kovchur, Pavel Manak, Valery Sheleh

The purpose of the presented work is to assess the effect of the addition of chemical water treatment precipitates to the structure of ceramic clinker materials and their physical and mechanical properties. Preliminary studies conducted on the use of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) as additives in the production of clinker ceramic materials showed that their use does not impair the quality of the final product. At Obolsky Ceramic Plant, prototypes were produced of ceramic clinker paving tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) with additives of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment). Addition of chemical water treatment precipitates in amount of 2 % of weight contributes to formation of more uniform structure of sintered main mass of tiles, leads to processes of solid minerals crystallization from melt and increases the amount of glass phase, which determines strength properties of ceramic products. Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototypes showed that ceramic clinker tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) with the addition of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) comply with STB 1787-2007 standard. Based on the results of the studies performed at Obolsky Ceramic Plant, specifications for ceramic clinker tiles and technological regulations for their manufacture are being developed.

124-131

Authors: Dmitry Lisouski, Natalia Yasinskaya

Experimental investigations of the chemical composition of scutched flax fiber varieties "Vasilek" and "Grant", grown in various regions of the Republic of Belarus, were carried out in order to establish the differences in chemical composition depending on the variety and growing region. The relationship between the chemical composition of the fiber and its number has been studied. It was found that the content of lignin decreases and content of cellulose increases when the fiber number increase. It was shown that the content of the main biopolymers of fiber of one variety differs in a wide range depending on the growing region. It was found that the specific breaking load of flax complexes correlates with the content of cellulose and lignin.

141-151

Authors: Tatiana Zoryna, Tatiana Potyomkina

The article presents the results of a study on the application of a systematic approach to the formation and development of logistics supply chains in the construction complex of the Republic of Belarus in order to further assess its manageability, effectiveness, efficiency, investment attractiveness. This approach made it possible to structure the elements of the logistics system of the construction complex taking into account its properties: integrity and divisibility; connections; organization; integrative qualities.

161-178

Authors: Marina Slonimska, Nadezda Dubko

The relevance of the study is predetermined by the need to search for directions for the development of entrepreneurship in the regions of the Republic of Belarus in modern conditions, taking into account foreign experience. The article analyzes the origin and essence of the concept of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, presents approaches to determining its structure and the relationship with the cluster concept of regional development. The authors propose an algorithm for the formation of a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, taking into account the results of a sociological study of factors and barriers to the development of cooperation between entrepreneurs and the main regional stakeholders, conducted in the Vitebsk region. A conclusion is made about the role of universities as key stakeholders in the formation of a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem.

191-201

Authors: Galina Yasheva, Yulia Vailunova

The digitalization of the social and economic space is an objective regularity in the development of scientific and technological progress and it is characterized by new methods of generating, processing, storing, transferring information in all spheres of human activity. This phenomenon has affected the clustering processes. Clusters play a significant role in the country's economy. China's experience in the organization of clusters is analyzed in the article. Clustering processes in the Republic of Belarus is investigated. Summarizing the experience of China, the directions for the development of clustering in Belarus in the context of the digitalization of the economy are formulated.

11-21

Authors: Natalia Akindinova, Zhana Tsikhanava

The article highlights the development of new universal and technology-based structures of tapestry fabrics. The aim of this work is to develop new tapestry structures allowing to exclude the labor-intensive operations of beaming, punching, and warp binding which are typical for tapestry weaving in order to reduce production costs and ensure prompt changes to the assortment of linen-containing clothing fabrics without losing the quality of their artistic design. The object of the study is the tapestry structures of linen-containing jacquard fabrics with the area density of 230–375 g/m2. For the first time, new structures of tapestry fabrics have been developed which have no analogues in the world practice. The warps of two colours – light and dark – located on two monophonic beams – upper and lower – are used. Thanks to this, it is possible to eliminate the time-consuming process of binding and punching multicoloured bases, to provide greater interchangeability of the assortment in weaving, to reduce the time required for producing fabrics with new tapestry structures, to reduce the production costs and increase enterprise profit.

32-38

Authors: Valery Bashmetau, Alexander Korob

The experimental investigations of manufacturing conditions and cotton plain fabric properties were conducted under the production conditions of Baranovichi Cotton Production Amalgamation on the shuttleless loom STB. Influence of the spade size position of the loom main shaft on the parameters of beating-up process (beating-up stripe, shed angle), on the fabric indices (warp and weft density, weft and warp shrinkage), and also on the fabric breaking properties and the weft and warp yarns extracted from the fabric was determined. The recommendations on the spade size setting are given for reducing the warp yarns breakage and raw materials consumption during the cotton fabric production.

51-62

Authors: Pavel Dzerkachenka, Vilia Borozna, Alexander Burkin

The article is devoted to the development of an express method for assessing the form stability of the heel of a shoe, which makes it possible to eliminate the existing shortcomings of the assessment method according to GOST 9135-2004 "Shoes. Method for determining the total and permanent deformation of the toe and heel". The proposed method for rapid assessment of the form stability of the shoe toe and heel allows to quickly and reliably evaluate this indicator both during the production and the use products, as well as to study the dependence of the deformation of the heel of various shoe models on the load value. Comparative studies of the form stability of the heel of the shoe according to the developed methods and GOST 9135-2004 have shown the coincidence of the test results and the adoption of the hypothesis of equality of variances. When testing the static dimensional stability of the shoe heel according to the new methods, no shortcomings inherent in the method described in GOST 9135-2004 were revealed. That is, we can conclude that the values obtained by the developed methods are more objective. This allows us to state that their use for testing the dimensional stability of the heel of a shoe is more expedient. The object of research is samples of men's, women's and children's shoes for the autumn-spring and summer seasons. Results of the work are an express method and a device for assessing the form stability of the shoe heel. The field of application of the results is the shoe industry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the proposed express method and device for assessing the form stability of the shoe heel allows to quickly and reliably evaluate this indicator both in production and during the use of the products, as well as to study the dependence of the deformation of the heel of various shoe models on the magnitude of the loading.

72-82

Authors: Anatoli Alshanski, Alexej Marushchak

The article presents a new method for calculating the drying process of fabrics based on the A. Lykov’s and G. Filonenko’s equations of drying kinetics. Experimental data on convective and convective-radiation drying of various fabrics are processed. The equations are given for determining the densities of heat fluxes, the intensity of moisture evaporation, and the temperature for the period of falling drying rate. The equations for determining the duration of drying of fabrics are presented. The values of heat transfer coefficients and Bio numbers for different tissues are calculated. It is shown that the number of Bio when drying fabrics is less than one, and the main limiting factor is the external heat and moisture exchange of the surface of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the material with the environment. Verification of the reliability of the obtained computational equations and comparison of the calculated values with the experimental ones are presented. The mismatch values are within the acceptable limits of the accuracy of the experiment and processing.

94-106

Authors: Nikolay Popok, Siarhei Partsianka

The article describes the main structural elements and the scheme of forming block-modular milling cutters, analyzes the forms of body modules and chip-removing grooves, as well as the methods of manufacturing milling cutters. The technological route of 3D printing of blocks of tool and body modules and the technological scheme of assembling milling cutters are presented. There is an assessment of the compliance of the parameters of the accuracy of the dimensions of the models of milling cutters specified in the drawing, and recommendations for the use of plastic materials for the production of models of milling cutters.

115-123

Authors: Aliaksandr Hrachanikau, Andrej Kovchur, Vasil Patotski, Ivan Tsimanov, Aliaksandra Liatas

The purpose of the presented work is to study the influence of chemical water treatment deposits in the raw material on physical and mechanical properties of paving tiles and technological parameters of their production. Preliminary studies conducted on the use of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) as additives in the production of clinker ceramic materials showed that their use does not impair the quality of the final product. On Obolsky Ceramic Plant prototypes of ceramic clinker paving tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) were produced with additives of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment). Addition of precipitation of chemical water treatment in the amount of 2 % of weight allows to reduce the burning temperature of articles by 40–60 °C without deterioration of physical and mechanical properties of the article, which is important in terms of energy saving and will lead to reduction of cost of ceramic products. Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototypes showed that ceramic clinker tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) with the addition of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) comply with STB 1787-2007. Based on the results of the studies performed at Obolsky Ceramic Plant, specifications for ceramic clinker tiles and technological regulations for their manufacture are developed.

132-141

Authors: Anton Kotovich, Andrej Kovchur, Andrej Kliment'ev, Pavel Manak

The design object is the technology of ceramic brick production. The article discusses the technology for the production of ceramic bricks and their manufacture with the addition of various burnout additives. It shows the effect of the use of burnout additives, a decrease in the amount of burnt natural gas, and a decrease in energy costs. The proposed approach to the production of ceramic products for construction purposes can significantly reduce the consumption of natural gas at the stage of firing products by adding various burnable additives to the charge. An experiment was carried out on an experimental batch of ceramic bricks and its results were analyzed. As the result of the study , the effectiveness of this production method is proven. The field of application of the results is the brick manufacturing industry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the feasibility of using this method of producing ceramic bricks from the point of view of reducing the consumption of natural gas at the stage of firing products without reducing their physical and mechanical properties has been determined.

148-157

Authors: Viktor Shut, Andrei Kuznetsov, Sergey Mozzharov, Igor Yadroitsev, Ina Yadroitseva

In this work, a short review on methods for the synthesis of ultrafine powders of micron- and submicron size is presented. A sonoelectrochemical method was used for the synthesis of Cu powder. It is shown that this technique is quite simple, economical and environmentally friendly. Influence of parameters of the process on the particle size distribution and morphology of copper powder is studied. The resulting powder can be used for in-situ alloying in laser powder bed fusion and as an antibacterial filler.

168-184

Authors: Alena Vankevich, Stanislav Gorovoj, Iryna Kalinouskaya

In modern conditions, special attention is paid to the issue of effective youth employment due to the tenser state of the youth labour market and the vulnerable position of university graduates. In these conditions, the main direction of the implementation of the youth employment policy is to increase its competitiveness on the labour market, which is achieved through the formation of the in-demand skills and competencies. In many countries, systems for predicting the skills in demand to ensure growth in labor productivity have been formed and are successfully functioning. For Belarus, it is of practical interest to use contemporary models and technologies for forecasting the labour market in terms of determining the competencies demanded by employers. This approach will allow to make adjustments to the training of specialists, create the basis for the formation of an effective youth employment policy and ensure a qualitative growth in labour productivity in the national economy. The purpose of the study is to develop directions for increasing the efficiency of youth employment and employment of graduates of educational institutions, based on modern methods of analysis and forecasting of skills and competencies demanded by employers using technologies for tracking employment of graduates and the Big Data analysis. The article analyses the main indicators of the labour market in Belarus, its features and disadvantages are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to switch to new sources of growth in labour productivity through the formation of new skills and competencies. Studied and summarized the foreign experience of ensuring the growth of labour productivity by predicting the in-demand skills, as well as the possibility of using it in Belarus. Particular attention is paid to determining the required competencies by tracking the employment of graduates. Such research will determine the skill set that is required for successful employment of graduates and adjust curricula and programs in this context. Taken together, this will expand the complex of implemented measures of the youth employment policy aimed at effective employment and the anchoring of graduates in the workplace.

201-215

Authors: Vera Komarova, Iveta Mietule, Iluta Arbidane

The aim of this research is to find a scientifically argued and terminologically correct empirical answer to the research question: does the state of transport development of a territory influence its productivity and efficiency? The scientific and practical significance of this research consists of investigating a territory from the point of view of its transport development and proving that in the modern world the transport ways’ density/1000 km2, which is traditionally considered one of the indicators of the economic development of a territory, is not a determinant of its efficiency. Nowadays it is much more important to integrate the territory into international transport networks and especially – to introduce new technologies and innovative solutions into its transport sector, which improve the quality of transport infrastructure and services. Methods of the empirical analysis. The authors conducted a linear regression analysis, in which the independent variables are the main categories of this research – productivity and efficiency of a territory. In turn, the dependent variables are three indicators of the state of transport development of a territory (the level of transportization of a territory, the level of transport internationalization of a territory and the quality of transport sector in a territory). Then, the relationship between productivity, efficiency, indicators of the state of transport development of a territory, and its environmental effectiveness was measured using correlation analysis. Sources of empirical information. The authors used empirical data from the World Economic Forum's (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report 2018, as well as data from the International Union of Railways and the World Factbook for 137 countries. The results of the empirical analysis show that only the level of transportization of a territory is the engine of its productivity, but this factor does not influence the efficiency of a territory in the modern world. In turn, two other indicators of the state of transport development of a territory have a statistically significant effect on the efficiency of a territory. In addition, the level of transportization of the countries of the world, especially the density of railways and highways, strongly and in inverse proportion correlates with the ecological effectiveness of a territory, increasing the "environmental footprint" of a territory.

232-245

Authors: Tatyana Odintsova

The issues of regional sustainable development get much relevance in the context of external environment uncertainty and novel social progress trends; therefore, they become a subject of investigation for a large number of scientists and practitioners. Strategizing is a major condition for providing the sustainability of such development. Accordingly, it requires appropriate informational, analytical and methodological support for any region, and especially for a territory whose livelihoods are affected by international restrictive measures. The objective of the article is to analyse the impact of sanctions restrictions on the vital activity of the region, the specifics of strategizing its sustainable development in appropriate conditions, and to develop recommendations for the formation of a strategy.

9-13

Authors: Valery Bashmetau

Calculation method of the possible range for setting the spade size on the loom under certain shed sizes and the given parameters of shedding mechanisms is developed providing that within the limits of the given range the unhindered laying of the weft through the shed is kept and the technological process is set and followed. Range calculation of the spade size for certain conditions for the соtton plain fabric production having the article 484 is done using shuttleless STB looms in the production facilities of BPHO Company (Baranowichi). In the given case the spade may be set from the highest possible size (340) by the position of the loom’s main shaft to the minimum possible size (70) of the position. The optimal spade size must be set within the limits of this range.

27-36

Authors: Tatsiana Haponava, Victor Sadovski, Liliya Bratchenia

The article discusses the research of the stress decrease along the warp and weft of half-woolen worsted fabrics by biaxial tension and exposure to hot air for a certain time. Based on the results of the research, mathematical models were constructed that enabled to predict a change in the stress during its relaxation after biaxial deformation during thermal fixation. It was revealed that the structural characteristics of the fabric, its composition, the amount of deformation and the duration of exposure to hot air influence the magnitude of the stress decrease. It was established that the maximum value of the stress arising in the process of stretching is observed at the greatest deformation, and the maximum stress decrease occurs when exposed to temperature for 220-300 seconds, depending on the amount of deformation and the type of fabric.

46-57

Authors: Katsirina Mileeva, Galina Kazarnovskaya

The work is devoted to the study of the diameter of cottonin-containing open-end yarn formed by three following ways: by photographs of the yarn appearance using the bottom light, without it and with the help of USTER TESTER 6. The aim of this work is the search for the diameter of cottonin-containing yarn with linear density of 50 tex and 110 tex, produced by means of three methods. As a result, rational methods to determine the diameter have been developed based on the comparative analysis of the results of fabrics design according to a given surface density. The object of the study is the flax open-end yarn with a linear density of 110 tex (85 % cottonized flax, 15 % cotton) and 50 tex (35 % cottonized flax, 65 % cotton) with various twists. The influence of linear density, raw material composition, and yarn twist on their fiber diameters was determined. The calculation of the main parameters of the fabric structure was done, a single-layer fabric was designed according to the given surface density using wet-spun linen yarn with a linear density of 56 tex, and open-end yarn with a linear density of 50 tex in the weft. The fabric of the plain weave was produced at Orsha Linen Industrial Complex.

68-79

Authors: Anastasia Radyuk, Maria Kozlova, Alexander Burkin

The aim of the study is to develop technologies for producing materials for shoe soles with a given level of properties based on secondary polyurethanes and a comparative analysis of their physical, mechanical and performance indicators. The object of the research is polymer materials (plates) made of primary and secondary polyurethanes. The subject of research is physical, mechanical and operational properties. The method used is a comprehensive quality assessment method. The results of the work are presented by materials for shoe soles made from primary and secondary polyurethane foam with a level of physical, mechanical and operational properties which are sufficient for making shoe soles. The field of application of the results is the footwear industry.

88-97

Authors: Sviatlana Furashova, Yuliya Miliushkova

Currently, much attention is paid to sanitary and hygienic working conditions. Adhesive solutions based on organic solvents significantly worsen the microclimate of production workshops. Hence, the current direction of chemicalization of footwear production is the introduction of adhesive dispersions on a water basis for gluing soles. The technology of using polyurethane dispersion adhesives for sole-fastening operations requires detailed approbation due to the wide range of materials used for the upper of shoes and the fairly recent use of dispersion adhesives for gluing soles. The article provides a comparative analysis of the strength indicators of adhesive joints obtained with the use of polyurethane adhesive solutions and adhesive dispersions when gluing rubber "Kozhvolon" with artificial leather, processed by various methods. It is shown that the use of polyurethane dispersion adhesives makes it possible to obtain standard strength when choosing the type of processing of artificial leather before gluing. For difficult-to-bond materials, the standard strength is achieved by adjusting the technological mode of bonding. Using mathematical methods for planning an experiment for artificial leather "Nubuck" the optimal modes of the gluing process are determined.

108-117

Authors: Elena Lashkina

Multifunctional film materials based on highpressure polyethylene have been developed and manufactured by modifying the polymer matrix with chemically active reagents (insecticides from the classes of synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds, neonicatinoids and a UV stabilizer (Tinuvin 783)), optimized for prescription, structural, physical, physical chemical parameters and bioactivity. Investigations held by the method of IR spectroscopy have shown that there is the formation of an ether bond between the molecules of the components in insecticidal polymer composites. The kinetic dependence of the release of the liquid phase from the surface of a composite polyethylene film of the composition LDPE/DOP/insecticide/ Tinuvin 783 is presented. The insecticidal film of prolonged action will solve the problem of protecting agricultural land, conifer and deciduary forest plantations from phytophagous insects, as well as reduce losses from biological damage to light industry products packed in film cases.

130-139

Authors: Dzmitry Ryklin, Natallia Yasinskaya, Mariya Demidova, Vladislav Azarchenko, Natallia Skobova

The aim of the paper was to research the influence of the content of polyvinyl alcohol Arkofil PPL (Archroma, Switzerland) in the electrospinning solution on the structure of nanofibrous material for medical and cosmetic purposes. As a result of an experimental study it was found that with an increase in the PVA content from 10 to 14 % the viscosity of the spinning solution increases 5 times and significantly exceeds the recommended values. Surface tension and specific volumetric electrical conductivity are almost independent on the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol and correspond to the recommended values. Experimental production of samples of nanofiber coatings and analysis of electronic images of their structure have proved that the material formed from a solution containing 14 % PVA does not contain visible defects and has a uniform distribution of nanofibers over the diameter. This indicates the advisability of using it as a fiber-forming composition for obtaining materials by the method of electrospinning.

149-159

Authors: Kate Gruznevitch, Olga Andryianova

The paper considers the essence of the category "efficiency" and signs of its classification. The study revealed the following: there is still no consensus on the classification of effectiveness; authors highlight various classification features to determine the same types of efficiency; there are types of efficiency that are mentioned by only one author; the same signs can give a classification of different types of efficiency. The basic classification criterion is highlighted, on the basis of which the types of efficiency and indicators of their assessment are determined. A comprehensive methodological approach to the calculation of the integral efficiency indicator is proposed. The proposed approach was tested on the example of a separate organization in the Republic of Belarus.

175-192

Authors: Kristina Krayenkova

The article presents an analytical review of statistical data on the development of social entrepreneurship in world practice, defines the institutional framework for the activities of social entrepreneurship entities in certain countries of Europe and Asia. The study made it possible to provide a statistical assessment of the activities of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus and to offer recommendations for the formation of a high-quality statistical base on the development of social entrepreneurship in the country and its institutional support, taking into account the positive foreign experience and identified national characteristics.