Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series

29-35

Authors: Petru ROŞCA

Economic efficiency emerges after comparing the effects of some action with the efforts needed to produce it and has general applicability in decision-making in any country. It can be said that economic efficiency is closely related to the use of resources in the economy and its essential feature is the stress/effects causal ratio.In the competitive system of the free market, the activity of the economic agents provides performance to the extent that it has a high efficiency. Any human activity is, at the same time, resources consuming and effects producing.In the economic theory, the concept of efficiency characterizes the activity developed in various fields: economic, social, educational, health, sports, etc. More concretely, it reflects the physical, intellectual and moral (in the deontological sense) effort made to achieve a goal or the pre-established objective, respectively the relationship between two waves: the resources spent and the resulting effects, expressed in physical (pieces, kg, and meter) or value (lei) units of measurement.

47-55

Authors: Ilie Mihai

It is well known that in election years, political parties compete in measures and promises that are more or less extravagant, designed to attract votes from voters. The situation is understandable to a certain extent, this practice being common in other countries as well, important being not to "jump the horse" as unfortunately happens in Romania, where in four years the politicians, in their desire to obtain a mandate in local or parliamentary elections, replete with all kinds of promises, without regard to the impact that their application might have on the stability of the overall economy. As the electoral legislation has become more stringent, attracting voters by giving them attentions and gifts (buckets, packages of food with sugar, oil, etc., or gourmet) was forbidden and election promises have climbed the first rung of the strategy of attracting voters. On the other hand, the old local and central political structures at the end of their mandate try, for the last hundred meters, to adopt populist, hoping both to renew mandates and to solve personal interests relating to special pensions bonuses and all sorts of pecuniary advantages, according to the principle "after us the deluge".

73-81

Authors: Madalina Gheta

The level of development of a country is defined based on indicators such as population size, GDP and country area. Although it’s easy to identify countries like the USA, France and Spain that are part of developed countries and countries such as Senegal, Gabon Greece or China ranked as emerging countries, there is no universally accepted definition of developing countries. The “emerging countries” are often listed in terms of their differentiation from the developed countries; A common problem is that some organizations don’t take into consideration all the variables, a country located on a higher position in terms of GDP is possible to not have the same position at the social development or quality of life. For the last 25 years China has known continuous economic expansion, it’s forecast-ed that in the next 20 years it will become one of the world’s superpower. China encountered a relatively fast development after the deployment of the “cultural revolution”. In China, the long standing cultural tradition influences till today the economic area, more than other countries encounter from this category. The youth’s mentality is to learn and to work very well with the solely interest to serve the country completely. This desire of the Chinese people is positively influenced by the state - the Chinese Communist Party encourages the state of raising the development of education and the level of life.