International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

1-11

Authors: Midyan D.I. Aldabash, Füsun Balık Şanlı

Sediment load materials is one of the key factors that determine the surface water quality, both of oceanic and river water, and it specifies water optical properties. Thus it provides a background for a plenty of applications and projects in the water and oceanography community. Landsat detects and classifies reflected solar energy from bodies on the earth's surface. Suspended sediments existing in water column have an optical influences. So that, Landsat images could detect suspended sediments concentration in such a water surface. In this study we have three main objectives to be achieved as; TSS Concentration maps generation in the Gaza Strip coastal zone, achieving analysis processes on TSS trend itself and TSS related coastal phenomenon, and investigation of the ability of Landsat images to detect TSS comprehensively in a wavy coastal zone. For this purpose two landsat TM5 images acquired in 1999 and 2010, one Landsat TM7 images acquired in 2003, and 2 Landsat Oli 8 images acquired in 2014 and 2015 were used for TSS mapping. In addition, 64 TSS in-situ tested samples were also to calculate a correlation equation between Digital Numbers - DN in each image pixels and TSS values in the ground data. All image analysis and remote sensing steps have been done in this study using Integrated Land and Water Information System - ILWIS software version ILWIS academic 3.3. Green and Red bands in all used Landsat images contained the highest linear correlation factors -R- for the images acquired in 1999, 2003, 2010, 2014, and 2015. Resulted correlation factors were higher by reducing time difference between acquisition time and sampling time. Generated maps showed that circulation in Gaza coastal area are counterclockwise, and it brings the sediments from Nile River Delta toward Gaza Strip.

22-28

Authors: Fatemeh Bagheri

Drought is defined as the continuous and abnormal moisture deficit. The term of continues means continuation of deficit and the term abnormal means deviation of favorite index of natural condition from the mean. In every drought study four main characteristics are considered: Severity, Duration, Frequency or Return period and Areal Extent. The objective of this study was to analyze these characteristics of droughts and to use them in plotting drought maps over Fars province. To study drought and mapping, different indexes have been invented, one of these index is the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) .It is practical and simple method. The base of this index is precipitation. To study the drought, Records from10 stations within the same period of 13 years (1994-2006) and 17 stations within the same period of (2007-2011) in scale of annual. For better results kriging, natural neighbor interpolation and IDW are compared and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation is more practical for this study area. The result of analysis, is showed that the least SPI and drought magnitude has happened in Sadedorodzan station, in the north of Fars province for 17 stations between 1994-2011 and 10 stations between 2007-2011. For 10 stations during 1994-2006, the least SPI is related to the Lamerd station in the south of the province. Figures that produced by interpolation method between 1994-2011 illustrated that drought was generated in the south and it was rapidly extended to north and northeast and northwest. This prediction is used in Fars province to manage the drought.

44-47

Authors: Engin MERİÇ, M. Baki YOKEŞ, Niyazi AVŞAR , Feyza DİNÇER

During the benthic foraminiferal surveys conducted on the Aegean coasts of Turkey between 2012-2015, new alien species have been observed. These were either recent introductions, such as Cornuspiroides striolatus (Brady), Nodobaculariella cristobalensis McCulloch, N. galapagosensis McCulloch, Pseudonodosaria discreta (Reuss), Polymorphina fistulosa (Cushman) or south to north range expansions of the species previously known to inhabit Levant Basin, Cyclorbiculina compressa (d’Orbigny). Besides, Amphistegina lobifera Larsen which has been known to inhabit Kuşadası Bay and nothwestern coasts of Karaburun Peninsula has also been abundantly observed around Doğanbey Bay. Warm submarine springs are suggested to be the main cause of these thermophilic species to settle and form stable populations on the Aegean cost of Turkey. On the other hand salinity variations may also help to the spreading of these aliens. Thus, it is suggested that new introductions may follow in the near future.