Socrates Almanac

1

Authors: Nur-Akhmet Dosmukhamet

The paper deals with the topical issues of national building and state authority. In this essay highlights of forming nation as the largest communications have been analyzed.

2

Authors: Elena Pristupa

The term "International Social Work" is used in theory and practical experience in the UK, and other European countries are also active in the scientific methodology of domestic social work. Through the work of American researchers J. Midgley, S. K. Khinduka, M. S. Hokenstad it is noted that the term "international social work" was used in the early forties. Lynne M. Healy (Lynne M. Healy, Centre for social studies of International work, University of Connecticut School of social work, USA) gives the following definition: "International Social Work is a set of international professional activities in four areas: internal practice consistent with international standards; professional exchange, practice at the international level, as well as international policies on social development and the protection of the consumer".

2

Authors: Ann Zhabina

Indicators of transport work determine preferences and characteristics of various modes of transport. Some activities characterize transport possibilities, others allow consumers to evaluate and select the most appropriate alternative transport service.

2

Authors: Agasiyev, Abil Rzakulu ogly

The paper presents effectiveness of sanatorium-and-spa care for patients with arthropathies to the extent of its standard with addition of naftalan application and darsonvalization under conditions of the specialized sanatorium institution. The role and the place of the standard of sanatorium-and-spa care for patients with arthropathies are shown. Significant difference in frequency of use of some methods of intervention (radon baths, sinusoidal modulated current, ultrasound, low-frequency laser radiation, naftalan application, etc.) is revealed in groups of patients with positive and negative treatment outcomes.

2

Authors: Evdokiya Kholostova

Social Work in Russian Society is going through a complicated yet interesting period. Firstly, the celebration of the 25th Anniversary of official introduction of social work profession. Secondly, from retrospective point of view, we recognize different forms of state, community and individual social support which can be traced during last millennium. Thirdly, social work passes the large-scale comprehensive transformation, aimed to change the social service system in general, as well as the social service practice and contribution of each social worker.

3

Authors: Dr. Kishor Kumar Tripathy, Mrs. Charu Tripathy

This paper reviews evolution of culture in urban regeneration. Following a brief assessment of strategies the paper studies safeguarding and conservation policies of Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage which may be used as a powerful tool for urban development. The paper examines UNESCO recommendation on sustainable urban development and conservation, Safeguarding of Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and focuses on Historic, Community, Culture and Design in Urban Development. The paper ends with a reflection on the impact of Culture on Economic Development of urban cities and offers recommendations for dialogue, social inclusion and Culture of Peace in urban space.

4

Authors: Dr. Kishor Kumar Tripathy

Multiculturalism is the set of values, structures, and practices held in common by a group of people, it is also often used to mean an environment which differences among communities and groups are recognized, respected and valued. Multiculturalism goes beyond being aware of differences in culture and being sensitive to them, respects and value diversity. It creates the environment demonstratine the capacity, knowledge, understanding and skills to communicate effectively with culturally diverse people- “Understandably, multiculturalism as a search for democratic public policy responses to cultural and ethnic diversity in certain countries is of prime interest to UNESCO, in so far as it embodies the ideal of reconciling respect for diversity with concerns for societal cohesion and the promotion of universally shared values and norms.” (Christine Inglis-‘Multiculturalism: New Policy Responses to Diversity’). Multiculturalism is a policy which is response for copying with cultural and social diversity in society. Multiculturalism is the systematic and comprehensive response to cultural and ethnic diversity which also covers educational, linguistic, economic and social components. It helps to communicate and interact effectively and positively with diverse individuals, cultural practice and beliefs in a diverse society. The feature of multiculturalism is to address issues of diversity and it flourishes democracy, tolerance,social justice, Peace and mutual respect between peoples and cultures. The moral teachings, beliefs, practices, manners and moreover the humanistic approach of culture contained in the teachings of diverse cultural practices are the essential factors for the establishment of universal peace and harmony. Multiculturalism in the twenty-first century is a positive approach which aims to create a better world based on unity in diversity, peace, harmony and co-operation. It has a definite role to build a bridge between the world cultures in twenty-first century.

6

Authors: Rafael B. Huseynov

Plutarch’s “Selective Lives” informs us on the play and theatre culture of our grand-parents 2300 years ago. It was not a coincidence that great Azerbaijani philosopher and poet Nizami Ganjavi had chosen the Greek character – Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) as a leading role in one of his prominent works. Though he lived 33 years, it is impossible not to admire Alexander the Great’s life-story, steps and while reviewing the history Alexander is shining in its pages as a phenomenon. Alexander the Great ordered to burn “Avesta” not because he was a barbarian, but because he knew the real strength and power of the book.

1

Authors: Professor Johannes Dillinger

The preoccupation of many historians with the imaginary malevolent magic of the so called witches has obscured the fact that some people in the early modern period really tried to use magic. Many of them did so for economic reasons. Among other things, they hoped to receive money directly from the spirit world. This text presents some of the results of my latest research concerning economic magic and its relation to witch beliefs. I will address three sets of magical beliefs and practices: treasure hunting, the belief in money puppets and in money-bringing dragons. My sources are early modern (ca. 1500- 1800) German criminal trials as well as learned texts by theologians, lawyers and scientists.

1

Authors: Khassangalieva Tokzhan Skendirovna

The importance of culture regularity is at the heart of universal or national social groups. The universal culture inevitably manifests itself and exists in the form of the national, which acts as a synthesis of different class cultures of a definite society and as a fusion of the best human achievements in diverse spheres of life. But national culture can never fully cover this universal principle, it simply acts as one of the diamond facets, which should be organically linked to other facets, with other national cultures. “... cultural history is a chain of equations in images, pairwise binding another unknown to known. And this known, constant for the entire series, is a legend, laid at the base of tradition. Unknown, every time with a new is the actual moment of the current culture” [2, p. 225].

2

Authors: Iuliean Hornet

According to a report of the European Commission, the EU imports 53% of the energy it consumes. Energy import dependency relates to crude oil (almost 90%), to natural gas (66%), and to a lesser extent to solid fuels (42%) as well as nuclear fuel (40%).The EU external energy bill represents more than €1 billion per day (around €400 billion in 2013) and more than a fifth of total EU imports. The EU imports more than €300 billion of crude oil and oil products, of which one third from Russia.

2

Authors: Dr. Ramamurthy Subramaniam

Any aesthetic procedure in which the skin is penetrated or modified is potentially painful, but individual patients vary enormously in how they perceive the sensation and how much it bothers them. It is well known that anxiety and fear play a huge role in elective as well as unplanned medical procedures. This is particularly true for facial aesthetic treatments; our sense of self is intimately related to our facial appearance and expectations of what may go wrong can play a major role in pain perception. I would say that patients attach more psychological pain to not having what they want corrected, enhanced or fixed, than to the physical pain that they fear may be caused by the procedure. Managing pain is just as much about managing expectations and perceptions as it is about using a pharmacological approach to limit the nerve impulses generated by pain receptors. Today’s aesthetic professionals must create a clinic environment and an experience that minimises the fear of pain, as well as dealing effectively with any physical pain that ensues.

3

Authors: Mazgar Isyanbaev, L. Akhunova, Lily Mardanova

The main prerequisites determining the need for innovative development of the Republic of Bashkortostan, are the decline in production and the deterioration of economic parameters; mainly raw material orientation of the economy; imperfection of the industrial structure, intra-sectoral and territorial imbalances in the economy; low proportion of the production of the final product; weak competitiveness of products; depreciation of fixed assets; decrease in the quality of natural resources.

3

Authors: Maran Mesaros

The current situation in the world has been the most complicated since the end of the Cold War. Despite the efforts of the world powers security risk of the emergence of global conflict is increasing and gradually getting out of control of not just the individual States, but also of the world groupings. Globalization of the world, which is in its essence the driving force of the world economy also has its dark side. The constant interference of some world powers into the affairs of mainly third world countries, brings with it complications posed by religious riots, racial hatred, but also a huge migration of population from the countries in which armed conflicts have been artificially unleashed. A simple effort of emigrants from these countries can be defined as the pursuit of life in the relatively secure environment, who do not realize that they are bringing with them security instability in the countries that they have chosen as their new home.

4

Authors: Uraz Baimuratov

The purpose of research is to develop the concept of duality in society in the context of the formation of socio-economic harmony based on a synthesis of spiritual (in particular, the Islamic doctrine) and modern scientific knowledge. Methodology - the application of the principles of a systematic approach to the study of the relationship of 4 spheres of society and the ratio of types of human needs. Originality / value is the new concept of the duality of society "Harmony - disharmony," its paradigm «D+3D» and economic laws. Problem of forming a harmonious economy in the context of social evolution in Harmony vector based on a study of Islamic development model. Showing genesis and variability considered duality, regularity of its transformation from duality "spiritual - the material." The essence of the nascent doctrine of social and economic harmony in which the dominant place goes to the truly spiritual and moral principles. Findings / results - in the dual reality of society, there is a world of harmony and peace disharmony with its economic laws. Developments of the author can be used in training the new formation of economics. Opening of a new paradigm «D + 3D», previously unknown in scientific laws of harmony can be the basis of new scientific direction.

8

Authors: Rafael Huseynov

Humanity has passed million years from the Alphabet in pictures to the one in the voice. Alphabets lead to the creation of the books - on stones, leather, manuscirpts, stone-printed, published ones.Abu Reyhan Biruni (973-1048) who was one of the thinking of the medieval centuries and author of more than 150 precious works was very gratefull to alphabet and book: “Written knowledge is such a kind of the information that prevails over others. If there were not eternal monuments of a pen, we had have no place that we could learn the legend of the nations”

10

Authors: Professor Karol Sikora

Karol Sikora is The Medical Director of Cancer Partners UK which has created Britain's largest independent UK cancer network. He was Professor and Chairman of the Department of Cancer Medicine at Imperial College School of Medicine and is still honorary Consultant Oncologist at Hammersmith Hospital, London. He is Dean and Professor of Medicine at Britain’s first independent Medical School at the University of Buckingham and a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Cancer care is expensive and getting more so. A wide range of new treatments, some of only marginal benefit, will become available over the next 5 years. Over 60 new cancer drugs are likely to be launched globally over the next 3 years with a price in excess of $100,000 for a year's supply. And the new does not replace the old so the costs of diagnostics, surgery, radiotherapy and general medical care will continue to escalate. Controlling costs and yet providing the best care possible has become a major challenge for those involved in both purchasing and providing care. How much patients will be willing to pay for their care directly could drive a new honesty in communicating the real benefits of what are often perceived as breakthrough, miracle cures. As treatment does become more successful the number of people living with cancer will rise. Currently the prevalence of cancer in the UK is 1.4m but this will rise to over 3m by 2030 driven by increase in its incidence and better long term survival. The existence of a predominantly elderly population living with cancer together with multiple co-morbidities will have huge implications for all health-care systems. There are only four ways to pay for cancer care - tax, insurance, cash or charity and in democracies politician that need to get the public vote are striving to use their cancer policies as a sign of goodwill.