Socrates Almanac

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Authors: Abzhapparov Abdumutalip Abzhapparovich

Quality education as the most important factor of economic growth and development of any country contributes to its competitiveness in the global space. Kazakhstan confidently positions itself in the world rankings thanks to one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

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Authors: Amrita Jayakumar

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has commissioned three companies to design a next-generation space plane whose description sounds straight out of a science fiction movie.

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Authors: R.F. Vagapov, A.A. Oratovskaya, D.A. Sinitsin

The given article presents the actual environmental problem – cleaning of soda production wastes disposal yards. As a result of given type of wastes recycling, the lime-containing binder can be obtained for silicate and gas-silicate items.

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Authors: Wangpo Tenzin

The science curricula in Bhutan were either adopted or adapted from neighbouring countries. The recent ‘Needs Assessment of Science Education in Bhutan’ revealed that the curriculum is fragmented, lacked progression, learning is not standard based, and of the general public perception that it does not prepare learners with life skills.

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Authors: V. Khassanov, V. Shvidchenko, S. Borovikov, M. Kuibagarov, G. Dyussenova, A. Nauanova, Z. Abisheva, B. Beisembina, A. Fida

A protocol of potato virus Y- (PVY) accumulation in Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) callus tissue has been developed to gain highly purified virus. Preparations of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific to PVY have been obtained. The design has been defined, the main steps and manufacturing parameters of the test for PVY antigen detection in plant material has been worked out.

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Authors: Nurbekova Zhanat

The development of the education system according to global trends of modern civilization and the emergence of a post-industrial intellectual society, lobalization and internationalization of education, requires innovative methods of teaching and learning and usage of optimal ways for implementing the educational program.

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Authors: Brian Fung

While everyone’s worked up about how to keep the Internet an open platform, another little-known controversy is quickly gaining steam. How it plays out could determine whether millions of Americans get to build their own, local alternatives to big, corporate ISPs such as Comcast and Verizon.

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Authors: A.R. Agasiyev

Sanatorium help in many countries, especially in Russia and in the republics of the former Soviet Union is the most important form of disease-prevention care, the effectiveness of which is proved by observations of many scientists. In 2004, the Russian Federation approved packages of standards of sanatorium help for patients with different pathologies. These standards specify the list, frequency of appointment and frequency of application, about 50 methods of medical effects at 3-week sanatorium treatment. In accordance with the concept of developing standards they contain optimal set of medical measures for the treatment of a concrete disease. At the same time none of standards give individual indications for application of this or that medical method of influence and in the standard are given one nosological form, averaged indicators of frequency representation, which ranges from 0 to 100%. Therefore there is a question: what is the sensitivity (the probability of the method prescription of medical effects, if indicated) and specificity (probability of method prescription of medical effects in the absence of evidence) the use of the medical methods of action included in the standards of sanatorium help? The goal in this paper is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the medical methods of influence with the sanatorium help according to standards of the Russian Federation.

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Authors: Prof. Maria Amata Garito

The International Telematic University UNINETTUNO was established further to the success of the Med Net’U – Mediterranean Network of Universities project, which saw the participation of 31 partners belonging to 11 Mediterranean countries (Algeria, Egypt, France, Jordan, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey). All partners created a technological network based on receiving and transmitting digital satellite technologies, and today they can produce, broadcast and receive educational contents, via Internet and on satellite television. A technological network that is supported by a network of people, of intelligences that can interconnect and share their knowledge and jointly developed a virtual area for higher education and for the circulation of knowledge in the Euro-Mediterranean, capable of giving rise to UNINETTUNO University. The development of Med Net’U from project to system, with the birth of UNINETTUNO University, was supported by the Governments of the partner countries and was made effective by the conclusion of academic agreements with several universities of the Arab World. We jointly succeeded in developing UNINETTUNO and make it rapidly become one great university in which prestigious lecturers of important European and Mediterranean Universities deliver their courses in several languages in various faculties. Jointly we succeed in creating the first e-learning portal (www.uninettunouniversity.net) of the world where teaching and learning are carried out in 5 languages: Italian, French, English, Arabic and Greek. UNINETTUNO students come from 104 different countries of the world; with no more space and time limits, they can attend the university and can choose to study in the language they prefer. In the different learning environments of the Didactic Cyberspace, students can get digitised video-lectures linked in a multimedia and hypertextual way to books, texts, selected bibliographical and website references and virtual laboratories. In the virtual classroom the professors of each subject interact with the students being constantly supported in their learning progress. Through forums and chats intelligences get interconnected and knowledge is exchanged.

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Authors: Maximilian Kravchik, Galina Karimova

There are many orthopedic, rheumatologic and neurological pathologies associated with impaired function of peripheral nerves. In practice the treatment of such pathologies traditional surgical and therapeutic methods are insufficient effective. The method of restoring sensory and motor functions of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves is an alternative to treatment after failure of the latter. The result is achieved using the claimed method is the high efficacy of the therapy in case of defeat to 90% of nerve synapses, allowing to achieve a complete cure of the patient and reduce the time of rehabilitation, as well as the possibility of outpatient treatment and absence of contraindications.

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Authors: Dr. Aminu Ladan Sharehu

It is a well known fact in Nigeria that there are millions of applicants who completed their secondary education without opportunities for them to go further because the number of higher institutions in Nigeria are grossly inadequate to accommodate the number of applicants wishing to pursue higher education and obtain additional certificates like Diploma, Nigeria’s Certificate in Education (NCE), Higher National Diploma (HND), Degree or Post Graduate Degree programmes, hence the introduction of ODE programmes and establishment of ODE institutions such as National Teachers’ Institute (NTI) and National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) by Nigerian Government. The National Teachers’ Institute (NTI) is charged by government to specifically “organize and provide programmes for the training, development, upgrading and certification of teachers; conduct postgraduate courses and examinations in education for graduate teachers; to carry out research in conjunction with other bodies on any matter relevant to educational development in the country; to formulate policies and initiate programmes at all levels of education designed to improve by way of research, the quality and content of education in Nigeria; to foster and enhance international cooperation in the education of teachers; etc”. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) dedicates itself to preparing professionals in various disciplines through the distance learning mode. It offers a choice of qualifications from Certificates, Diplomas to Post Graduate Diplomas and Degrees. It also caters for the continuous educational development of professionals such as Accountants, Bankers, Lawyers, Doctors, Engineers, Teachers, Politicians, Self-employed, Businessmen and Businesswomen. This paper will highlight on the details of Open and Distance Education Programmes in Nigeria.

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Authors: Uraz Baimuratov

Today the attention of scientists and politicians is focused upon the global financial and economic crisis. But there are also other crises ecological, military-political, spiritual-and-moral, and in a number of the countries there is also a demographic crisis. All types of crises, cataclysms and the conflicts are disharmony in society. Some of them gain sharper lines (defaults, cataclysms, big wars). All of them are interconnected, but meanwhile there is a search of ways of exit only from the financial crisis. Many people try to find recipes of getting out of the crises without having defined their sources – they treat only symptoms, instead of illness genesis. The dominating technocratic approach leads away from the truth. And the road to it lies through the harmonious thinking (consciousness) recognizing the domination of spirituality over corporeity, and not vice versa that would have been the deadlock. At that, purity of thoughts defines righteousness of actions. In the harmoniously developed consciousness of an individual there is individualism and altruism at the same time.

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Authors: Prof. V.N. Shabalin, Prof. V.A. Grachev

The most important demographic phenomenon at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries was a global increase in life expectancy and, as a consequence, an adequate increase in the proportion of older people in the general population of the world. The growth rate of the elderly population is far ahead of the growth rate of the total population. At the same time, the older the age group, the more intense its population is growing. Dramatic aging of the population is a major social problem that has a significant impact on the economic, industrial and social relations of the present-day world. Importance of demographic aging is so great that the UN puts it on a par with the problem of preserving peace in the world.

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Authors: LAURA ILONIEMI

Marketing companies and publicists working for architects have certainly adapted to increasingly hard-nosed commercial trends. They have embraced, for example, the latest trade shows, no matter how brash, along with high-profile international property conferences and moneymaking awards events (with apparent relish), hoping to place their clients in front of new, and ever more commercial, audiences.

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Authors: Mr. RUI AMORIM

The need for rappid and cheaper building, for rational use of materials and their recycling, and for rational use of energy and water, together with the expected decrease on imports and materials global circulation, due to auto-sufficiency and autonomy general principles, leads ECOPAINT ANGOLA to create a concept of cargo containers recycling in construction of buildings, with the name of OctoBuilding.

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Authors: S.ERSHOVA, T.ORLOVSKAYIA

the article is devoted to issues of monitoring of spatial development of city for the purposes of its sustainable and safe development. As in the Russian Federation the urban development plan is the main document of spatial planning, monitoring of its realisation must be considered as a function of public control over the effective use of city land resources. Since in Russian practice urban development plan is drawn up on the basis of strategy and prognosis of social and economic development of the city, monitoring of urban development plan is a part of public strategy of social and economic development of metropolis. Understanding the importance of adequacy of perception of this subject matter by foreign experts, we consider that it is essential to elucidate that in Eastern Europe the synonym for the Russian term «strategy of social and economic development of metropolis» is the term «strategic economic planning of metropolis». The important result of the survey, conducted by the authors, is the exposure of the essence of urban planning in the Russian Federation. In contrast to Eastern European countries, at the current moment in Russian metropolises there is a problem of absence of the system of record keeping and control over the development of urbanisation processes. In Saint-Petersburg, largest Russian city, there is understanding amongst experts and specialists of the necessity of keeping a record of results of spatial planning processes. And in this context the urban planning element arises much interest – the dynamic of reproportioning of functional zones, of which the most comfortable for living (residential, mixed residential-commercial, and recreational) determine the strategic priority for city development in different time periods. In contrast to highly developed systems of real property inventory which exist in Eastern Europe and The United Kingdom, the Russian system of keeping a record of results of spatial planning processes is now in embryo. However, the system of monitoring of urban development plan which helps to provide the data support for urbanisation processes, is essential for effective city administration and making deliberate decisions in setting the courses of city development and investing plans.

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Authors: VLADIMIR GRACHEV, RAFAEL ARUTYUNYAN

Typical background radiation in a contemporary city is 8-12 µR/hr (microroentgens per hour). Radionuclides are scattered in the environment and are present in any surroundings, no matter organic or inorganic. This radionuclides radiation together with cosmic radiation creates a natural radiation background. We are not surprised with the radiation level of 10- 14 µR/hr (0.10-0.14 µSv/hr (microsieverts per hour), and we know this is a norm for the most areas. We also know that the atmosphere is more permeable to cosmic rays at the height of 10 km (civil airplanes flight altitude) and therefore, the background therein is 200- 250 µR/hr (2,0-2,5 µSv/hr). However, we are unaware of the places on Earth, where the natural background is increased significantly, not causing any problems for the inhabitants.

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Authors: Prof. V.A. Grachev, Prof. A. Ye. Rozen, Ye. V. Vorobyev

The issue of wastewater treatment is highly relevant especially for metropolises and cities with the developed industrial infrastructure. In particular, effluents of industrial enterprises, using hydrocarbon materials or being engaged in their thermal processing, contain cyclic and aromatic compounds that have a very negative impact on the ecological environment. The technology of wastewater treatment by supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is believed to be very promising.