Socrates Almanac

1

Authors: Professor Johannes Dillinger

The preoccupation of many historians with the imaginary malevolent magic of the so called witches has obscured the fact that some people in the early modern period really tried to use magic. Many of them did so for economic reasons. Among other things, they hoped to receive money directly from the spirit world. This text presents some of the results of my latest research concerning economic magic and its relation to witch beliefs. I will address three sets of magical beliefs and practices: treasure hunting, the belief in money puppets and in money-bringing dragons. My sources are early modern (ca. 1500- 1800) German criminal trials as well as learned texts by theologians, lawyers and scientists.

1

Authors: Khassangalieva Tokzhan Skendirovna

The importance of culture regularity is at the heart of universal or national social groups. The universal culture inevitably manifests itself and exists in the form of the national, which acts as a synthesis of different class cultures of a definite society and as a fusion of the best human achievements in diverse spheres of life. But national culture can never fully cover this universal principle, it simply acts as one of the diamond facets, which should be organically linked to other facets, with other national cultures. “... cultural history is a chain of equations in images, pairwise binding another unknown to known. And this known, constant for the entire series, is a legend, laid at the base of tradition. Unknown, every time with a new is the actual moment of the current culture” [2, p. 225].

2

Authors: Iuliean Hornet

According to a report of the European Commission, the EU imports 53% of the energy it consumes. Energy import dependency relates to crude oil (almost 90%), to natural gas (66%), and to a lesser extent to solid fuels (42%) as well as nuclear fuel (40%).The EU external energy bill represents more than €1 billion per day (around €400 billion in 2013) and more than a fifth of total EU imports. The EU imports more than €300 billion of crude oil and oil products, of which one third from Russia.

2

Authors: Dr. Ramamurthy Subramaniam

Any aesthetic procedure in which the skin is penetrated or modified is potentially painful, but individual patients vary enormously in how they perceive the sensation and how much it bothers them. It is well known that anxiety and fear play a huge role in elective as well as unplanned medical procedures. This is particularly true for facial aesthetic treatments; our sense of self is intimately related to our facial appearance and expectations of what may go wrong can play a major role in pain perception. I would say that patients attach more psychological pain to not having what they want corrected, enhanced or fixed, than to the physical pain that they fear may be caused by the procedure. Managing pain is just as much about managing expectations and perceptions as it is about using a pharmacological approach to limit the nerve impulses generated by pain receptors. Today’s aesthetic professionals must create a clinic environment and an experience that minimises the fear of pain, as well as dealing effectively with any physical pain that ensues.

3

Authors: Mazgar Isyanbaev, L. Akhunova, Lily Mardanova

The main prerequisites determining the need for innovative development of the Republic of Bashkortostan, are the decline in production and the deterioration of economic parameters; mainly raw material orientation of the economy; imperfection of the industrial structure, intra-sectoral and territorial imbalances in the economy; low proportion of the production of the final product; weak competitiveness of products; depreciation of fixed assets; decrease in the quality of natural resources.

3

Authors: Maran Mesaros

The current situation in the world has been the most complicated since the end of the Cold War. Despite the efforts of the world powers security risk of the emergence of global conflict is increasing and gradually getting out of control of not just the individual States, but also of the world groupings. Globalization of the world, which is in its essence the driving force of the world economy also has its dark side. The constant interference of some world powers into the affairs of mainly third world countries, brings with it complications posed by religious riots, racial hatred, but also a huge migration of population from the countries in which armed conflicts have been artificially unleashed. A simple effort of emigrants from these countries can be defined as the pursuit of life in the relatively secure environment, who do not realize that they are bringing with them security instability in the countries that they have chosen as their new home.

4

Authors: Uraz Baimuratov

The purpose of research is to develop the concept of duality in society in the context of the formation of socio-economic harmony based on a synthesis of spiritual (in particular, the Islamic doctrine) and modern scientific knowledge. Methodology - the application of the principles of a systematic approach to the study of the relationship of 4 spheres of society and the ratio of types of human needs. Originality / value is the new concept of the duality of society "Harmony - disharmony," its paradigm «D+3D» and economic laws. Problem of forming a harmonious economy in the context of social evolution in Harmony vector based on a study of Islamic development model. Showing genesis and variability considered duality, regularity of its transformation from duality "spiritual - the material." The essence of the nascent doctrine of social and economic harmony in which the dominant place goes to the truly spiritual and moral principles. Findings / results - in the dual reality of society, there is a world of harmony and peace disharmony with its economic laws. Developments of the author can be used in training the new formation of economics. Opening of a new paradigm «D + 3D», previously unknown in scientific laws of harmony can be the basis of new scientific direction.

8

Authors: Rafael Huseynov

Humanity has passed million years from the Alphabet in pictures to the one in the voice. Alphabets lead to the creation of the books - on stones, leather, manuscirpts, stone-printed, published ones.Abu Reyhan Biruni (973-1048) who was one of the thinking of the medieval centuries and author of more than 150 precious works was very gratefull to alphabet and book: “Written knowledge is such a kind of the information that prevails over others. If there were not eternal monuments of a pen, we had have no place that we could learn the legend of the nations”

10

Authors: Professor Karol Sikora

Karol Sikora is The Medical Director of Cancer Partners UK which has created Britain's largest independent UK cancer network. He was Professor and Chairman of the Department of Cancer Medicine at Imperial College School of Medicine and is still honorary Consultant Oncologist at Hammersmith Hospital, London. He is Dean and Professor of Medicine at Britain’s first independent Medical School at the University of Buckingham and a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Cancer care is expensive and getting more so. A wide range of new treatments, some of only marginal benefit, will become available over the next 5 years. Over 60 new cancer drugs are likely to be launched globally over the next 3 years with a price in excess of $100,000 for a year's supply. And the new does not replace the old so the costs of diagnostics, surgery, radiotherapy and general medical care will continue to escalate. Controlling costs and yet providing the best care possible has become a major challenge for those involved in both purchasing and providing care. How much patients will be willing to pay for their care directly could drive a new honesty in communicating the real benefits of what are often perceived as breakthrough, miracle cures. As treatment does become more successful the number of people living with cancer will rise. Currently the prevalence of cancer in the UK is 1.4m but this will rise to over 3m by 2030 driven by increase in its incidence and better long term survival. The existence of a predominantly elderly population living with cancer together with multiple co-morbidities will have huge implications for all health-care systems. There are only four ways to pay for cancer care - tax, insurance, cash or charity and in democracies politician that need to get the public vote are striving to use their cancer policies as a sign of goodwill.