Iranian Journal of health, safety andenvironment

1226-1232

Authors: Kourosh Rahmani, Hasan Rahmani, Khalilollah Moeinian, Mansour Sarafraz, Ayat Rahmani

Removal of the fluoride ion of drinking water requires an effective technique. In study zeolite clinoptilolite by Al+3ions and nanoscale iron (nZVI) modify was used to remove fluoride from water. Contact was done by a fixed bed absorbent column. In this column, experiments were carried out using aqueous solutions and drinking water with mass. The dynamics of the adsorption process were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results showed that highest uptake capacities 1.14 and 2.4mg/g for the modified zeolitic Al and nanoscale iron (nZVI) respectively, were obtained with a 5g mass column, an inlet 10 mg/L fluoride solution, and a flow rate of 3mL/min, but the sorption capacities decreased when drinking water used. Experimental data were fitted to both models Langmuir and Freundlich, and the methods indicated that these materials are suitable for the removal of fluoride from water in fix bed systems. In general, it can be concluded that modified zeolite clinoptilolite with fixed bed an effective and economical method to remove fluoride from groundwater.

1239-1242

Authors: Aref Faghih, Mahnaz Solhi, Abolghasem Jajayeri, Davod Shojaeizadeh, Abbas Rahimi, Teimoor Aghamolaei

This study examined the utility of adding habit strength to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting the intention and behaviour of junk food consumption. A Cross-sectional data were performed on 271 high school boy that sampled randomly from ten high schools in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Participants completed measures of the TPB, habit strength and food frequency in relation to junk food consumption. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test the predictive power of the model. The traditional model explained 15% and 10% of the variance in intention and behaviour, respectively. Subjective norm and PBC (Perceived Behavioral Control) emerged as significant predictors of intention. Also, PBC and intention revealed as a significant predictor of behaviour. The extended model accounted for 28% and 11.6% of the variance in intention and behaviour, respectively. Habit significantly increased the explained variance in both intention and behaviour and emerged as the strongest predictor. Also, subjective norm and PBC remained as a significant predictor of intention and behaviour, respectively. The intention was a non-significant correlate of junk food consumption. Junk food consumption is more controlled by habit and PBC, rather than intention.

1249-1253

Authors: Mashallah Aghilinejad, Saber Mohammadi, Amir Bahrami-Ahmadi, Marjan Amini, Elaheh Kabir-Mokamelkhah, Shahrbanoo Moslemi

In the recent studies, some variables such as weight of the school backpack, how to carry it or backpack features are currently under study in relation with low back pain (LBP) among students. The present study aimed to assess the role of school backpack and training habits on the development of spinal pain among Iranian students. A current cross-sectional study was performed between November 2015 and April 2016 on 616 primary school children with age between 11-13 years in Karaj city, Iran. We gathered information on demographic characteristics and ergonomic data on backpacks via a specific checklist. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to determine the prevalence of spinal complaints was used among the participants. To assess the ergonomic status of backpacks, the students were asked to carry with the consistent and conventional method. Study findings showed that unfortunately, only 1.9% of students carried their bags correctly. Musculoskeletal complaints in the neck region were significantly higher among students who do their homework on the floor in compare with students that doing their homework behind the desk. Musculoskeletal complaints in the shoulder region of students had a significant association with Bag handle type, TV & game time, doing homework position, Bag use with 2 ropes and Bag weight/body weight. Findings of the present study recommended that we need to step up public health strategies and develop a monitoring system that is both preventative and proactive.

1259-1266

Authors: Majid Motamedzade, Mehdi Asghari, Masoud Basati, Hossein Safari, Maryam Afshari, Marzieh Abbassinia

Several factors influence the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations, one of them is work engagement. Nowadays job stress has become one of the most costly and a common problem in the workplace. United Nations introduced job stress as wentieth-century disease. Emergency unit in hospitals is stressful environments with high working pressure. This study is a cross-sectional study to determine the most common stress factors and assess work engagement among emergency center technicians in Markazi Province in 2015. Data were collected by using three questionnaires containing demographic questionnaire, job stressors questionnaire and job engagement questionnaire (UWES-9 Scale. SPSS version 19 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the patient care stressor had the maximum mean stress score (3.63±0.59) and physical stressors had the lowest mean stress score (3.26± 0.77). A significant relationship was observed between individual stressors and all aspects of work engagement and interpersonal stressors and vigour (P≤0.05). The results of this study showed that work engagement can have aneffect on job stress or job pressure. There was a negative association between work engagement and job stress.

1272-1280

Authors: Mahnaz Solhi, Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Arman Latifi

Implementing interventions in the field of breakfast consumption and subsequently evaluating them is an appropriate solution to promote healthy breakfast consumption and improve health status. The present study aims to systematically investigate the educational interventions in relation to breakfast consumption among students. In this study, the SID, IRANMEDEX, IRANDOC, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for the period from January 2000 to March 2018. The selection criteria for final articles include having as their topics education and intervention relating to breakfast consumption among pre-school and other school students as well as the availability of the full text of the articles. In general, 3742 articles were identified, out of which 17 articles—containing educational intervention relating to breakfast consumption among the students—were selected after removing duplicate articles and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. However, 5451 students had participated in the 17 investigated articles. The main emphasis in these interventions was on increasing breakfast consumption and knowledge and changing attitudes towards breakfast and its benefits. The use of theories and models for intervention increased the frequency of breakfast consumption among the students in all the reviewed studies. Accordingly, it seems necessary to design, implement, and assess more educational and interventional programs. More attention should be devoted to different theories and models of health education and promotion and to some lesser noteworthy factors, such as the role of schools, teachers, and parents in education, and modern communication technologies.