European Journal of Renewable Energy

7-12

Authors: Ivan A. Khodyrev

In the modern world, faced with the challenges of climate change and the depletion of traditional energy sources, the pursuit of alternative sources is becoming an integral part of sustainable development. With the constant increase in energy consumption and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the search for alternative solutions is becoming increasingly important. The work examines the most widely used alternative energy sources. Their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. A search has been made for patent solutions and developments that largely eliminate these shortcomings. It can be seen that although the shortcomings have not yet been completely overcome, there has been great progress in this direction over the past decade. The introduction of alternative energy sources is not only a strategic necessity, but also a step towards creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly future. Despite challenges and obstacles, these technologies are becoming increasingly integrated into our energy infrastructure, providing societies with a stable source of energy without harming the environment.

9-14

Authors: Danila A. Inzhuvatov, Igor A. Krasnov

In the automotive sector, the most global and interesting changes are taking place in the electric vehicle industry. The speed of development of this transport is simply impressive: until recently, from a useless, fashion toy, they are slowly becoming an integral part of our lives. Alas, this type of transport has many disadvantages that prevent its use everywhere. At this point in time, they are widely used in regions where there are favorable conditions for their operation. These conditions include not only natural factors, such as a warm climate, but also the development of the region. The development of an enabling environment will play a key role in their ubiquity. In such regions, with a large number of charging stations, benefits and services, the electric car is already imposing worthy competition on classic modes of transport. Therefore, scientists from all over the world are struggling to solve issues related to the performance and recycling of waste when disposing batteries. With the solution of such problems, the purchase of such a car will not only be environmentally sound, but also economically justified, to the point that this type of transport will be able, in the near future, to replace the cars with internal combustion engines that are familiar to us.

18-20

Authors: Svetlana V. Kibardina

One of the methods implemented in alternative energy is the transition from gravitational energy to thermal energy and then to electricity. This transformation is carried out in a gravitational power plant. The physics of the process in one of these converters is considered. It is shown that the work of gravity stations resembles the processes of the water cycle in nature. To date, many options for implementing this idea have been proposed. Moreover, author's certificates on the subject of “gravity dam” appeared in the USSR back in the 1970s. Currently, there are patent solutions, both for entire power plants, and for individual units and even engines.

9-14

Authors: Pavel S. Popov

The paper analyzes the possibilities for the use of alternative energy sources in Russia. The main potential of wind energy opens up in the Far East (about 30 %), about 16 % in Siberia, two percent less in the north and less than 25 % in other regions. In terms of solar activity, the regions with the highest level are the Far East, Transbaikalia and the south of the country. It is also possible to use geothermal sources. Their use could provide energy to the Krasnodar Territory, the North Caucasus and the Far East. Technologies that use the energy of the background heat flow from the Earth's interior can cover approximately 2/3 of the territory of the Russian Federation. A table of Federal Districts has been compiled, indicating the most promising alternative energy sources for each.

12-19

Authors: A.L. Ujoatuonu, E.L. Efurumibe, P.I. Ekwo b, Efurumibe, J. Nwogu

In carrying out the experiment, first liquid extract was obtained from Solanium Melongena leaves using solvent extraction method at room temperature of 300K with acetone solvent. The liquid extract was concentrated to a certain degree using a rotary evaporator and the concentrated extracts were afterwards analyzed using a Hewlett-Packard 6890 gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Following additional analysis of the extract, it was observed that Solanium melongena extract contains 2, 3, 5, 6-tetraisopropylpyrazine (5.15 %), 6-octadecenoic acid (33.84 %), 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 2-ethanediyl ester (2.60 %) and stearic acid (20.68 %) as the active ingredients. The result of optical characterization using a Jenway 6405 UV-Visible spectrophotometer revealed that Solanium Melongena extract has optical band gap range from 1.10eV to 1.20eV.

9-20

Authors: V.A. Panchenko, V.V. Kharchenko

In the article solar modules of different design are considered. Planar and high-voltage solar modules with extended service life are presented. These modules have an increased service life of up to 40-50 years, high-voltage modules have an increased electrical efficiency up to 18 % and can be used in cogeneration plants with concentrators of solar radiation. Solar tiles presented in article can be made from recycled materials and the additionally installed concentrator reduces the number of solar cells used and makes it possible to obtain heat energy at the output. Compact folding solar modules considered in the article allow to charge electrical devices away from electrical networks. Also in the article described photovoltaic thermal solar module with paraboloid-type concentrator for solar cogeneration plants. Such an installation, along with electricity, allows to get warm water at the outlet for the power supply of autonomous consumers or in parallel with the network. Each type of solar modules is used in a stationary heat and electric power supply or mobile power generation. Under consideration were accepted modules designed and fabricated at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russia. Surveys on the development, research and production of solar modules of various designs has been efficiently conducted over the last few decades.