International Journal of Anti-terrorism Studies

Number 4 (1), 2019

3-15
The History of Terrorism: Russian Revolutionary Terrorism (second half of XIX – beginning of XX centuries)

Authors: Andrey V. Mankov

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 346

The article analyzes historical Russian terrorism. The author explores the main sources of this phenomenon, some features of the genesis of revolutionary terrorism in the second half of the XIX century and the evolution of the organizational forms of terrorist activity in the early 20th century. The main attention is paid to the historical aspects of the largest Russian populist revolutionary-terrorist organizations (Ishutinians, «People's Massacre», «Land and Freedom», «Narodnaya Volya») and terrorist tactics of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (SR). The most significant facts of their terrorist practices are given. It is noted that in its history, Russian terrorism has gone through several stages: stages of Narodniks, Narodnaya Volya stage, Socialist-Revolutionaries etc.

16-24
Bioterrorism and Chemical Attacks

Authors: Akif M. Marifli

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 276

The article deals with issues related to biological terrorism and chemical attacks. It is noted that biological terrorism is one of the most terrible problems throughout the modern world, and the truth is that biological terrorist crimes are the result of the development of science, and also constitute a terrorist action that has received a daily dynamic spread. It also presents the main forms of technical warfare, which has become one of the most pressing problems of today, and this is the usual fight against biological terror. The article studies the experience gained by international organizations and states in the field of combating biological terrorism as well as analyzes similar features and differences existing between them. Here, in order to prevent a normal life in society, as well as to realize own advantage of ideas, biological terror comes into contact with such factors as fear, illness and trauma. Explanations, as well as the properties of biological and chemical weapons, are considered. It is rightly noted that globalization is one of the main reasons for the wide spread of chemical weapons and biological terrorism. Yes, it is globalization. Because globalization provides information and supportive environment for use of biological agents for terrorist purposes. For this reason, there is no doubt that globalization is one of the most important moments of international terrorism. As a result of globalization, multinational terrorist organizations emerged, terrorism was globalized, and the world became the target of terrorist acts. It is stated here that a few kilograms of biological substances are sufficient to produce hundreds of thousands of tons of chemicals to seriously affect military operations and, if necessary, to create the same negative effect. The article considers interesting conclusions of Western scientists as well as analyzes the essence of this issue. In principle, an explanation of the differences between the studies was provided. The article examines the issue of whether biological terrorism is one of the greatest dangers threatening peace, and whether the conclusions of local and foreign experts are in line. At the end of the article, said that it is important to diagnose and begin effective treatment in the geographical areas of natural distribution of chemical weapons and biological factors.

25-37
Terrorist Attacks in the Russian Federation

Authors: Aleksander Ksawery Olech

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 281

The high level of terrorist threat to the security of the Russian Federation, which has been persisting for decades, is a process of many aspects. The conducted internal policy, involvement in armed conflicts in Ukraine and in Syria, the unstable situation in the Caucasus and the undertaken international co-operation have a significant impact on the activation of terrorist groups in Russia. Already in 2012, before the series of attacks in the French Republic, the on-going conflict in the North Caucasus was described as the most brutal in Europe. Since 2007, Russia has started to cope with international terrorism. What is even worse, it has undergone evolution, permanently destabilizing the internal security of the state. The recent attacks have been associated with the emergence of extremist groups from the Middle East, such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, and their co-operation with rebels from the South and North Caucasus. International terrorist groups began their expansion into the whole territory of the Russian Federation, mobilizing the local government to undertake activities counteracting terrorism. Nowadays, the situation is slowly returning to normal, but new threats are still worth noting. The past experience and new threats of attacks urge us to re-analyse the current situation and define the goals of the anti-terrorist actions of the Russian Federation. This is also important in view of the consequences for other countries which are immediate neighbours of Russia, including possible terrorist consequences for Poland.