IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences

11-20

Authors: JAMILA MUAZU ABUBAKAR & ZARA MALLAM MUSA

Purpose: This article examinesthe levels of and relationships between overall job satisfaction and facet satisfaction of female school principals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: The study is a quantitative exploratory study of 160 randomly selected female principals. Findings: The results indicated female principals as satisfied with their job in general, the work itself, supervision, co-workers; and dissatisfied with their pay and promotional opportunities. All facet variables significantly correlated with overall job satisfaction. However, only work and supervision facets significantly predicted female principals’ overall job satisfaction

25-34

Authors: DANG QUANG HUNG, ZHANG WEN HUI, GOKUL GAUDEL & HOANG NGUYEN VIET HOA

Through the interviews and investigations of comparative tree method, 30 dominant Lacquer trees having straight and balance trunk, no pests, and higher annual average resin yield of 205g/year/tree has been selected as the source of the mother trees to get the material to produce seedlings with high and stable resin yield. Different grafting methods were carried out in order to find out the suitable method to propagate Lacquer plants. The results showed that Lacquer trees can be successfully graft with several different grafting methods and the highest survival rate shown by wedge grafting method is 58.85% and the best grafting season for this is spring

35-42

Authors: ZAINAB MOHSIN IBRAHIM, MUROOJ ABBAS BUHLOOL, IQBAL AZEEZ AMEEN & IHSAN HAMEED KHUDHAIR

The main objective of this study is examine the effect of Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium..L.) Peel extract against growth two species of blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria): Chroococcus sp and Microcystis sp. the growth rate of algae counted directly by Chamber. The algae farms were divided in to five groups as following : the first group(C1): Treatment control concentration 0% , the second group(C2): Treatment of alcoholic extract concentration of the orange plant 1% , the third group( C3): alcoholic extract concentration of the orange plant 3% , the fourth group (C4): Treatment of alcoholic extract concentration of the orange plant 5% , the fifth group(C5): Treatment of alcoholic extract concentration of the orange plant 8% . All groups were noted during the time periods (today,s second, the fourth day, the eighth day and the tenth day). The results showed the Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel extract caused a significant inhibition(p<0.05) in the rate of growth of algae at concentration 8% for two species, and the colonies were reached in Microcystis sp (81) cell in ml compared with control , in Chroococcus sp. was least cells (43 ). Microcystis sp was more resistance for Bitter Orange Peel extract.

43-62

Authors: SUSHREE SHAILANI SUMAN

Yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas Walker is considered to be the most serious pest in irrigated and deep water rice in South-East Asia. It causes yield losses estimated at 15-20% and reaching up to 60% during severe out breaks. Application of insecticides for control of the pest possesses many problems. Ordinary ground applications are limited to the pre-flood period and spraying is not possible when water is deeper than 50 cm. The use of resistant varieties seems to be the best alternative. Host-plant resistance is likely to be more durable if it employs an array of resistance genes encoding diverse mechanisms of resistance using marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding approach. Durability of resistance depends on the population structure and mobility of the insect; resistance is more likely to break down if the pest population is genetically diverse or if rates of mutation or migration are high. DNA fingerprinting of insect populations provides insight into genetic diversity of the insect populations, which help to develop varieties resistant to the pest. In the present study, we analyzed the genetic variability between geographically isolated populations of YSB from sixteen places of Orissa using RAPD marker technique. Ten arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify genomes of yellow stem borer populations. A total of 104 bands were amplified, of which 99(95.1%) were polymorphic. Thirty three unique bands were identified which will be useful for developing diagnostic markers. Genetic similarity among YSB populations varied from 0.24 to 0.651, with an average of 0.415 indicating that wide genetic variation exists between YSB populations at molecular level. All the populations could be uniquely distinguished from each other and grouped into three major clusters at 38% level of genetic similarity. Further study with host differentials can ascertain their biotype status.

63-72

Authors: NIRMALEE KAKATI

This paper will take into account the details of the movement led by the Koch Rajbonshi people for the separate state of Kamatapur. These people are demanding on the basis of the historical evidence of Kamata Kingdom. This movement is different from other movements as it involves two states i.e. Assam and West Bengal. These people are involved in agitations and protests for the fulfilment of their demands. Violent situations also arises in the Koch Rajbonshi inhabited areas of Assam. The organisations like Kamatapur Liberation Army (KLO) are militant outfit which may result in violent situation. There are also the organisations like All Koch Rajbonshi Student's Union (AKRSU) which presented their demands before the government. The government if Assam also assured them of having talks with the central government regarding their demands. Kamatapur movement is an example of nationalism within nationalism and there is the need to find solution for their accomodation with the Assamese and Bengali nationalism

77-86

Authors: K.S.M. GOWDA, SHAMPRASADPHADNIS, BHARATH. K.N & ANITHAPETER

In India, silk textile is economically important industry and Karnataka alone accounts for 63% of the country’s silk production. The silk industry is affected by many fungal and viral major diseases and thus there is decrease in the silk production. In this study the early detection of the viral disease caused by Kenchu virus to silkworm (BmKV) was studied by molecular and immunological methods. The Kenchu virus isolate was collected from Vijayapura, Karnataka, India and ultrapurified using sucrose gradient centrifugation. The DNA was isolated from ultrpurified virus using standard protocol. The PCR detection of BmKV was done using DNV1 and DNV2 gene specific primers where, the isolate of Kenchu virus collected from Vijayapura, Karnataka, India amplified ̴700 bp band specific to DNV2 primer and belongs to Japanese or Yamanashi isolate and DNV1 primer did not amplify. The antibodies were raised against the purified virus and immunologically Dot-ELISA and plate-ELISA were standardized to check the specificity of antibodies raised against the BmKV.The titer 1:50 of antigen, 1:16000 of primary antibody and 1:1000 of secondary antibody dilutions was found optimum for detection of the virus with BCIP/NBT as substrate for Dot-ELISA and for plate ELISA 1:100 dilution of crude and ultrapurified antigen and 1:1000 dilution of both primary antibody (antisera raised against BmKV) and secondary antibody was optimum with OD405 nmreadings of1.041 and 1.03 respectively. This study thus helps in development of immunodiagnostic kit for Kenchu disease detection and help farmers to avid heavy losses of silkworm production.

117-126

Authors: AL-SATARI, Y. A, AL-RAYAN, N. A, ABU DALBOUH, M. O, AMAYREH I. M & SHERYDEH M. M

The present study was conducted at Khanasri during 2012, 2013 and 2014 and aimed to determine the effect of rangeland rehabilitation on feed cost, rangeland productivity, and stocking rate. Three rangeland systems were included in this study: Fodder shrubs, native vegetation and open access. Year 2012 native vegetation fresh yield had significance differences. The fodder shrubs allowable yield was 138.4, 51.2 and 92.5 kg ha-1 for 2012, 2013 and 2014 years, respectively. The interaction between treatments fodder shrubs and native vegetation systems and year 2012 showed high significance yield while open access with all years showed the lowest yield. The interaction between treatments fodder shrubs and native vegetation systems and year 2012 showed high significance total dry, allowable, site yield and stocking rate while open access with all years showed the lowest yield values. The fodder shrubs and native vegetation systems were decreased feeding cost. The year 2012 was more effective or profitable in comparison with the results of 2013 and 2014 due to rainfall amounts. We concluded that both fodder shrubs and native vegetation systems were increased rangeland productivity, stocking rate and decreasing sheep feeding cost.

139-146

Authors: PAVANI ELIPILLA

HIV virus causes Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV virus type-1 protease plays crucial role in the life cycle of the HIV viral particles. So this protein has been targeted as one of the antiretroviral treatment of AIDS, and HIV-1 Protease inhibitors as anti-HIV drugs. Due to the frequent development of drug resistance there is always a need to develop new drugs which are non toxic and efficient inhibitors. The present study aims to focus on designing of 10 non toxic, novel lead molecules which targets HIV 1 protease. And performing docking and toxicity studies to calculate their binding energies, and to predict their toxicity properties. Protein- ligand interactions were studied using HIV type 1 Protease protein, PDB ID - 1HXW extracted from PDB to evaluate the binding efficiency of various molecules towards the active site. And these values were compared with commercially available FDA approved HIV drugs Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Amprenavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir. The final docking and toxicity prediction studies proves that these novel drug molecules were satisfied all drug likeness rules, which are violated by FDA approved drugs, and have the binding energies and predicted inhibitory constant Ki nearly similar to commercially available drugs