IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology

7-18

Authors: JOSEPHKUTTY JACOB & SHINY PAUL

Power flow control in electric power networks is becoming one of the crucial factors of electric power system development. Because of growing energy demand, optimization of power systems operation and deregulation the power transmission inside is expected to increase in the future. In many countries, the environmental problems and increase in public opposition place restrictions on building of new transmission lines. The consequence may be the need for more efficient use of the existing transmission facilities, in certain situations beyond the limits considered in the original planning phase. In such a situation the need for effective dynamic power flow control is evident. The solution might be FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) technology based on power electronic equipment. As one of the most attractive FACTS technologies, TCSC (Thyristor Controlled series Capacitor) has won wide attention in the world. Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is another device for variable series compensation of transmission lines. This paper deals with comparative study of performance of TCSC and SSSC for a long radial transmission line connecting a generator source to big load centre. Appropriate shunt compensation also designed for the system. Since a major concern in such system is regulation of the load point voltage, TCSC/SSSC along with shunt compensating devices, has been designed to aid in regulating this voltage. Detailed simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC software has been done to assess efficacy of the design

25-30

Authors: RAVIKIRAN. K , MANJUNATH. K , RAJASAMARSEN K MODI , SHRAVANKUMAR N T & AMIT KUMAR KULKARNI

The present study deals with Ichthyofauna of freshwater Gogi village, (Kelaginakere and Melinakere), Shahapur taluk, Yadgir district, Karnataka. The study area earlier was known for mining of Uranium (U235). Study was undertaken for a period of one year and monthly collections were made from February 2014 to March 2015. During the study occurrence of sixteen fish (16) species belonging to three (3) orders were identified. Order Siluriformes was dominant with 8 species, Mystus krishnenis, Procutropiicthys taakree taakree, Ompak bimaculatus, Wallago attu, Amblypharygodon mola, Xenentodon cancila, Channa striatu, Mastacembelus aratus followed by Cypriniformes order with seven (7) species Cirrihinus reba, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrihinus mrigala, Puntius sophore, Puntius sarana sarana, Tor Mussullah and Osteoglossiformes with one species Notopterus notopterus.

43-52

Authors: ALLU, EVELYN L. A. & AYENI, DORCAS A.

Sustainability has been adopted as a global agenda for all development, especially as regards human activities on the environment. While climate change is as a result of human activities on the environment, tourism is a product of the environment harnessed by man. Yet limited research activities exist on the subject in the Nigerian context. This study forms the first part of future studies and hence, this study is a review of the theoretical findings linking climate change and sustainable tourism. Firstly, earlier research efforts are presented and the theoretical findings suggest a strong link between climate change and sustainable tourism and also identify the way forward for promoting sustainable development. Finally, the study advocates for more awareness/ education on the subject matter for all stakeholders, research collaborations and the promotion of strategies for managing processes leading to the promotion of sustainable tourism development in Nigeria.

7-20

Authors: SHIVANI SRIDHAR & PAVITHRA L

Permeable textiles, used in association with geotechnical engineering related material, as an integral part of a man made project is called GEOTEXTILES. It has the ability to filter, reinforce, protect and drain. JUTE, a wholly renewable, bio degradable, naturally available geo textile is produced in abundance in India. Design of pavement using JGT is a boon to rural roads which enhances the aesthetic appearance also with benefits in lifecycle increment. Fortunately the economic aspect also in acceptance range. Coupled with the software analysis of designing a JGT incorporated road and comparing the ordinary flexible pavement, jute geotextile incorporated flexible pavement last longer than the usual roads

25-30

Authors: PRAVEEN KUMAR P & ARUN M

The paper outlines an experimental study to explain the effect of various process parameters on hard turning of EN19, is a high quality alloy steel which is heat treated to 50HRC. Four parameters were chosen as process variables: Speed, Feedrate, and Depth of cut and coolant flow rate. Surface roughness, tool-work piece interface temperature, and Material removal rate are selected as responses. Design of experiment is prepared using Box-Behnken designs in Response surface methodology and 28 experiments were performed on a CNC lathe. Minitab-17, a software environment for statistical computing and graphics is applied successfully for analyzing the effect of different process parameters. An attempt is be made to optimize the cutting parameters using Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm in the focus of attaining minimum surface roughness, minimum work piece temperature and maximum material removal rate.Confirmation experiments were performed in order evaluate the effectiveness of the generated result

41-50

Authors: LAL KRISHNA S.K, ARUN M & SANDEEP P

An actuator is a mechanical device that takes energy created by air, electricity, liquid and converts it into motion. In the present study, the design of actuator cylinder using 15-5 PH (H-1025) stainless steel is considered. The dilation, weight, time and cost of fabrication of current design is high. The final component when incorporated into the destination adds weight as a whole due to its density. The present work focussed on replacing the existing material with a SiC particle reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite to reduce weight, dilation and fabrication cost of the actuator. To achieve these objectives two step-mixing method of stir casting technique has been adopted and subsequent property analysis has been made. Aluminium alloy 6061 and silicon carbide (500 grit size) has been chosen as matrix and reinforcement material respectively. T6 heat treatment also improves the material properties. The material properties are then validated using transient structural analysis in ANSYS Workbench and the design is found successful in reducing weight of actuator. Cost analysis is conducted and actuator cylinder with Al-SiC composite material came out to be a potential substitute for the existing design.

9-18

Authors: BIDYA PRAKASH MAJHI & SHATENDRA SAHU

This paper, proposes a non-linear constrained mathematical model to search the optimal cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The model deal with the multi-pass turning operation which is comprises of multi-pass rough machining and finish machining. An optimization technique based on bio-geography based optimization has been introduced to optimize the multi-pass roughing and single-pass finishing parameters to achieve minimum production cost. BBO is very effective and efficient method for optimization problem. An example is adopted from the literature to solve the proposed optimization problem.

37-46

Authors: AASTHA MAHAJAN & PARMINDER KAUR

It is a natural phenomenon philosophical world view reflects almost in all the great thinkers’ and scholars’, akyns-writers’ notes in the world civilization. As philosophy is «the father of the science» reflection of writer’s world view in their works draws the readers ‘attention to the good and humanity is a fact. So, philosophical thoughts and pedagogical points of views in akyns-zhyraus’ poems is one of the necessary means of educating the young generation

57-62

Authors: K.C. DUBEY, ABHAY S. JAISWAL & R.K. SHUKLA

In the present work, we have investigated optical properties including UV-visible transmission and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of titled thin films prepared by sol-gel spin coating method. In UV-visible spectroscopy result shows that the prepared thin film is transparent and transmission spectra varies between 68 to 90% in visible and infrared region with sharp cut off at 300 nm. In PL study shows several visible emission peaks ranging from 380 to 650 nm with near band edge (NBE) peak at 380 nm. The ratio 1:5 of ZnO:SnO2 shows maximum PL intensity. The PL intensity is found to decrease with increase the ratio of SnO2 in ZnO. The highest intensity peak centered at 380 to 420 nm which show the violet emission. The presence of different broad peak shows the defect of the synthesis of the thin film. When the ratio are increased i.e. 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 (ZnO:SnO2), it shifted towards lower wavelength i.e. blue shifting takes place. The humidity sensing of pure ZnO and ZnO:SnO2 thin films shows promising properties and the details study is included in this work. Response and recovery time of samples is very low which shows suitability of prepared samples for sensors.

71-82

Authors: AHMED SAADHASSAN NOUFAL & MOHAMED AHMED SOLIMAN AL SHERIF

Maritime transport industryis an international industry upon which global economy heavilydepends as one of the cheapest means of transport of goods between countries.Accordingly, we should take care of those who are in charge of this industry on board and solving the problems they face, where nationalities who work onboard shipare different, and may be different from the nationality of the ship owner and the flag of the vessel in many cases. This has necessitated the need to rely on international agreements issued by international organizations to regulate the work in this industry, and the organizations that are meant to this industry as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Labour Organization ILO which issued a number of international treaties, including four treaties have been considered as the four pillars of the maritime transportation industry are as follows (SOLAS 74, MARPOL 73/78, STCW 78, and MLC 2006). Therefore, this research urges on the definition of the role of the international labor organization as one of the largest international organizations interested in solving the seafarer’s problems who work in the maritime transport industry. It also sheds light on the unified maritime labour convention 2006 and its amendments in 2014.Theresearch starts discussing problems facing seafarers at sea and on land. One of these problems is tohave suitable and appropriate jobs, as well as acquiring qualifications and adequate training, which increases the efficiency of the seafarers, the right for vacation and the appropriate wages, determining the working and proper rest hours to reduce stress, and keeping them healthy, also accommodation sites, entertainment and the problem of repatriation seafarers. The research also discusses points of agreement between the maritime labor convention of 2006 and the Egyptian legislation and the shortcomings of the Egyptian legislation.Moreover it tackledthe social security regulations of the conventions, the difficulty of applying these regulations, and setting possible solutions for the Egyptian government, which facing difficulties when applying this regulation.The research also discusses the problems resulting from not signing the convention.

11-18

Authors: MEGHA ARORA

Cloud computing provides with dynamically scalable infrastructure and virtualized resources that allow application to meet infinite demands , with cheap and reliable services to customers and assuring them with QoS inspite of unpredictable consumer behavior. In this paper we present ,factors that lead to emergence of cloud computing , comparative study from traditional system, principles of cloud computing, services provided by cloud computing, some case studies of Amazon.com, Google app engine and salesforce.com, recent advances and future scope of cloud computing

19-28

Authors: UMARU A. B, SANGODOYIN, A. Y2 & OKE, I. A

Forty two earth dams were randomly selected and investigated in North-Eastern Nigeria to determine the geological and hydrometeorological factors responsible for their failures and distresses. The Association of State Dam Safety Officials (ASDO) method was used to ass’s failures, distresses and functionality following a collection of data from Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority, States Ministries of Water Resources and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Site visits to randomly selected dams in the study area was done for observations and measurements. The geology of the study area is composed of Basement complex, Alluvium, Tertiary to recent Volcanics, Bima and Gombe Sandstones, Pindiga and Yolde formations, Granites and Igneous rocks among others. Of the dams sited on the Basement complex, 61, 27 and 11% were functional, failed and distressed respectively. The dams on Younger granites have an even number of failures and functionality. All the dams on Gombe sandstones and Pindiga formations are functional. The status of the dams were affected by two opposing scenarios, viz; the peak rainy season of August to September with monthly total rainfall ranging from 327.1mm to 478.8mm which recorded 75% of failures and distresses due to erosion, siltation and subsequent flooding. The dry season spanning October to February with monthly evaporation ranging from 354.6mm to 409.7mm and high temperatures in the range 39 - 430C witnessed 20% of dam failures with excessive loss of reservoir water by evaporation. It is suggested that adequate geological and hydrometreological studies be conducted and data used to guide construction and reservoir operations. Grouting, Impervious blanket, incorporation of cut-off wall and some form of soil stabilisation of earth dams is necessary to enhance stability and minimise seepage

47-56

Authors: GURUDUTT SAHNI, TAJINDER SINGH & JASPREET SINGH

The energy is the major concern in every engine which made it affordable and fit for commercial exploitation but every engine has difficulties in attaining efficiency level due to many reasons includes input cost, output power in comparison to input cost, etc. A wood gasifier is a gasification unit which converts timber or charcoal into wood gas, a syngas consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, traces of methane, and other gases, which after cooling and filtering can then be used to power an internal combustion engine or for other purposes. Objective After the double fuel crises of 1973 and 1979, the harmful effect of high and rising oil prices on the economies and development efforts of oil-importing developing countries have become apparent. There has, as a result been increased interest in indigenous, renewable energy sources, of which biomass in the form of wood or agricultural residues are the most readily available in many developing countries. Experience from the Second World War shows, however, that properly designed wood gasifiers, operated within their design range and using fuels within the fuel specifications (which may differ between designs), can provide a sufficiently tar free gas for trouble-free operation. One of the objectives of this project is to make decision makers more aware of the possibilities of using wood gasification as a substitute for gasoline and diesel oil, without unreasonable increase of the demand on the natural resource

63-72

Authors: OMIDIORA, E. O, ADEGOKE, B. O, FALOHUN, S. A & OJO, D. A

Iris recognition has been actively researched in recent years. This paper provides an up-to-date review of major iris recognition researches. Strengths of iris recognition systems over other biometrics systems in security applications were first identified. After this, an overview of iris recognition and its applications was presented. Literature review of most recent iris recognition techniques is also presented. Description and limitations of the public iris databases which are used to test the performance of these iris recognition algorithms was also given

77-80

Authors: EKTA AGRAWAL, KUMAR MANU, RUCHI VARSHNEY & ANUPAM YADAV

Systolic arrays are a family of parallel computer architectures capable of using a very large number of processors simultaneously for important computations in applications such as scientific computing and signal processing. A discrete cosine transform (DCT) expresses a sequence of finitely many data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions at different frequencies. DCT is a Fourier-related transform similar to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), but using only real numbers. DCTs are equivalent to DFTs of roughly twice the length, operating on real data with even symmetry

9-16

Authors: P SEKHAR BABU

As per Montreal protocol, R134a has been suggested as an alternate refrigerant to R12. R134a is not miscible in mineral oil. Alternatively synthetic oils are recommended. As R134a can cause high global warming, its usage needs to be controlled as per the Kyoto protocol. On the other hand Hydro Carbon refrigerants do have flammability issues and safety standards that limit the usage of pure HC refrigerants in domestic appliances. Because of the above factors, safe conversion of existing R134a refrigerators with environmentally friendly refrigerants is of utmost importance in Refrigeration and Air-conditioning sector. This paper presents a review of present status of alternative refrigerants.

23-30

Authors: RUCHIR BHATNAGAR & VINEET KUMAR BIRLA

As we know wireless networks have broadcast nature so there are different security issues in the wireless communication. The security conventions intended for the wired systems can't be extrapolated to wireless systems. Hackers and intruders can make utilization of the loopholes of the wireless communication. In this paper we will mull over the different remote security dangers to wireless systems and conventions at present accessible like Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2). WPA2 is more hearty security convention as compared with WPA on the grounds that it utilizes the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption. There are few issues in WPA2 like it is helpless against brute force attack and MIC bits could be utilized by programmer to compare it with the decoded content. So in this paper we will concentrate on different sorts of wireless security dangers

39-46

Authors: PINKI SINGH & RUCHIR BHATNAGAR

Encryption is the process of converting a plain text message in to cipher text which can be decoded back in to the original message. An encryption algorithm along with a key is used in the encryption and decryption of data. There are several types of data encryption which form the basis of network security. Encryption schemes are based on block or stream cipher. The type of the length of the keys utilized depend upon the encryption algorithm and the amount of security needed. In Conventional symmetric encryption a single key is used. With this key the sender can encrypt a message and a recipient can decrypt the message but the security of the key becomes problematic. In asymmetric encryption, the encryption key and decryption key are different. ONE is a public key by which the sender can encrypt the message and the other is a private key by which the recipient can decrypt the message