IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology

1-12

Authors: BENAOUDA O & BENDIABDELLAH A

We present in this paper the simulation results of the speed control of a 3 levels inverter fed induction machine controlled by the Direct Torque Control with application of artificial intelligence techniques both the fuzzy logic (DTC_FL) and the neural network (DTC_NN). A comparative study of these two techniques is also presented to illustrate the merits of each of the techniques on the performance of the 3-levels inverter-/induction machine set.

13-20

Authors: SURIBABU MIRIYALA, B. V. SANKER RAM & K. S. R. ANJANEYULU

Transformer protection is critical issue in power system as the issue lies in the accurate and rapid discrimination of magnetizing inrush current from internal fault current. Artificial neural network has been proposed and has demonstrated the capability of solving the transformer Monitoring and fault detection problem using an inexpensive, reliable, and noninvasive procedure. This paper gives algorithm where arithmetical parameters of detailed d1 level wavelet coefficients of signal are used as an input to the artificial neural network (ANN), which develops in to a original approach for online exposure method to distinguish the magnetizing inrush current and inter-turn fault, and even the location of fault i.e. whether the inter-turn fault lies in primary winding or secondary winding through the use artificial neural-nets (ANNs).

33-44

Authors: ADE ISKANDAR, INDAH YULIASIH, MACHFUD & DAN BAMBANG HARYANTO

The purpose of this study was to determine the physico-chemical, structure and morphology properties of arenga palm sugar blocks and granule and to analyse phenomenon on dry granulation of arenga palm sugar granule. Arenga palm sugar block was prepared by heating sap until temperature of 118 + 2 oC, then it was poured into wood mold and cooled to form solid state (arenga palm sugar block, GAC). The GAC, then was sized reduction and heated at temperature of 70, 80 and 90 oC and every 5 minutes it was stirred and observed its changes until 45th minute to produce arenga palm sugar granule (GAG). The arenga palm sugar granule by wet granulation was used as a control (GAG-control). Physico-chemical of arenga palm sugar block consisted of 10.1% db of moisture content, 3.2%db of reducing sugar and 92.5%db of sucrose was successfully used to produce palm sugar granule by dry granulation. The arenga palm sugar block with its crystallinity of 63-66% incresed its crystalinity into 75% at 20th minute and then deacresed into 72% at the end of the granulation process. Generally, morphological structure of arenga palm sugar block consisted of crystal particles wrapped by a dought-like binder. During granulation, the binder volume deareased due to moisture loss then granule surface was rougher than the initial one. Arenga palm granule by dry granulation had a higher transmittance than wet granulation, and dry granulation did not couse a dramatical change on fungtional group of the product. The granulation process (particle formation) occurs when moisture of the material reached around a multilayer water condition.

51-58

Authors: SUNU MARIAM SAJI & PRABHA C

Shell structures constituted a major component of today’s aerospace, submarine, automotive and other machine or structural elements. They were used in aircraft, spacecraft, rockets, cars, computers, submarines, boats, storage tanks and the roofs of buildings. With the progress of composite materials, shallow shells constructed by composite laminas were extensively used in many fields of modern engineering practices. If external vibrations coincided with natural frequency of the material, resonance and subsequent failure result. Therefore free vibrations leading to the notions of the natural vibration frequency was to be studied. This thesis work focused on the free vibrations of shallow thin composite shells of various shapes, modulus ratios, span-to-thickness ratios, boundary conditions and lay-up sequences. Most of the previous studies on this subject were confined to the classical boundary conditions. So the effect of elastically restrained edges on various shell curvatures including spherical and cylindrical shell was also studied.

65-72

Authors: HASSAN MAMOUD ABUHASSNA, IBRAHIM MOHAMMED HAMAD AMIN & SAMER KHADER ALNAWAJHA

At present, many families have access to computers that help them with their daily activities, such as finding employment and helping children with schoolwork. However, minority families residing in the Gaza Strip in general, do not own home computers. Questions are therefore raised as to whether parents who are unfamiliar with modern culture view computers as important teaching tools for themselves and their children. The present research was conducted to study parents’ perception and young children’s usage of computers. The sample for the study comprised 103 parents, majority of whom responded that computers have helped their children in exploring new technologies. Parental perception of computers was found to be independent of parental occupation and educational achievement. However, the duration of computer use by children varied in accordance with parental perception because parents with more positive perceptions of computers allowed their children to use computers more frequently. The study reveals the need to strengthen and support parental perceptions of the use of computers for children’s learning process. An exploratory study was conducted by analyzing the perceptions of parents whose children were enrolled in a Rafah-Gaza Elementary School. Findings suggest that parents place a high value on computer usage and view it as vital for job success and academic achievement.

81-88

Authors: VANI PRASAD & NIVIN PHILIP

Steel braced frame is one of the structural systems used to resist earthquake loads in structures. Many existing reinforced concrete structures need retrofitting to overcome deficiencies and to resist seismic loads. The use of steel bracing systems for strengthening or retrofitting seismically in adequate reinforced concrete frames is a viable solution for enhancing earthquake resistance. Steel bracing is economical, easy to erect, occupies less space and has flexibility to design for meeting the required strength and stiffness. In the present study multi-storey building, of ten storey with varying length to breadth ratio have been modelled using SAP 2000. SAP 2000 is used to perform linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis. In this study R.C.C. building is modeled and analyzed in three Parts I) Model without bracing and shear wall II) Model with shear wall system III) Model with different bracing system. It was found that steel bracing significantly reduces the lateral drift.

99-110

Authors: I. U. ABHULIMEN & J. I. ACHEBO

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding was used in this paper in order to achieve good weld qualities and geometry. Desired specifications were used as process parameters for the various joints that were welded for investigation. This justifies the aim of this research which is to develop an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to predict the properties of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welded joints of mild steel pipeline joint. During the welding process, current, voltage, shielding gas flow rate and electrode diameter were considered as the process parameters while tensile strength and yield strength were taken as responses. Results show that the best prediction by ANFIS for tensile and yield strength resulted to 508.25 MPa and 387.98 MPa respectively. The ANFIS Model was able to predict tensile and yield strength to maximum error of 0.361. From results, ANFIS has demonstrated the efficiency to predict least values for both tensile and yield at lowest percentage error compared to other systems that were investigated during literature. All the results obtained in this research compared adequately with most results already established in other related researches.

123-134

Authors: ANYATA B. U, AIRIOFOLO I. R, ABHULIMEN I. U, HARUNA I. A

The paper evaluates the potentials for conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources to meet the present and future water demand of the University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. A discrete dynamic model was developed and applied to predict the demand, consumption and net benefit of the conjunctive use of the two sources. In the model, allocations each user was assumed to represent a stage in the sequence of decisions. Three decision variables (x1, x2 and x3), were used to maximize the Net Benefits achieved from assumed discrete quantities S1, S2 and S3. Results from the study show that about 52,000m3 of water could be supplied per day by conjunctive use of surface and groundwater sources. This quantity is 32,500m3/day higher than the present daily demand and can satisfy the demand up to the year 2023. The Net Benefit for using the multi-stage approach was found to be approximately 1.7 times greater than using both sources as a single unit.

1-10

Authors: SANTOSH KUMAR & SUVEG MOUDGIL

MANET is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Mobile ad hoc networks are prone to a number of security fears. To handle the selfish nodes is major issue in ad hoc network. The Dynamic Source Routing protocol is a simple and strong routing protocol designed especially for the use in wireless ad-hoc networks of mobile nodes. The use of the source routing allows packet routing to be slightly loop-free, avoid the need for up to date routing information in the intermediate nodes through which packets are forwarded and allows nodes forwarding to cache the routing information in them for their own future use. Reputation of a node can be calculated using a simple formula and a node is supposed to maintain a good reputation value to participate in route discovery process otherwise discard in route discovery. In this paper the DSR protocol based on reputation scheme is implemented to detect the selfish node and the evaluation is done through performance metrics (Packet delivery ratio, Average end to end delay) in Network Simulator.

23-32

Authors: ARPITA TIWARI, RAVI MOHAN & DIVYANSHU RAO

As the specific interface chip (ASICs) will cause waste of resources and increased cost. Particularly in the field of electronic design, SOC technology is recently becoming increasingly mature. This situation results in the requirement of realizing the whole system function in a single or a very few chips. Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) is a kind of serial communication protocol. In parallel communication the cost as well as complexity of the system increases due to simultaneous transmission of data bits on multiple wires. Serial communication alleviates this drawback of parallel communication and emerges effectively in many applications for long distance communication as it reduces the signal distortion because of its simple structure. The UART implemented with VHDL language can be integrated into the FPGA to achieve compact, stable and reliable data transmission. This paper presents implementation of advanced UART with configurable baud rate.

45-52

Authors: MOHAMED IBRAHIM SHUJAA

World Wide Web is a huge informational environment is still growing, so the searching problem is still arise, for this the user need to develop a search engine to get closer result to the user's request. this work take the principle of personalization which means make web page content closer to a specific client and use this principle in a new area, by finding sites close to the requested term according to the correlation with other keywords specifying a special area, this work took a word (sport) as a sample, the proposed search engine (closer) built using active server pages technique.

61-66

Authors: L. BOOPATHI1, . PARTHIBAN, RAKESH. T. S & R. SANGILIRAJESH

A very simple and cost effective reactor for manufacturing biodiesel is designed and fabricated from fully recycled materials. This reactor can be effectively used in a home or a small hotel to manufacture biodiesel from recycled vegetable oil. The biodiesel thus manufactured has the calorific value of 10932.57 Cal/gm. The biodiesel obtained from waste vegetable oil is much cheaper than the available petroleum based diesel. This will also reduce the reuse of vegetable oil in the hotel industry, thus making the industry and the food healthier. The inputs given to the reactor are waste vegetable oil, methanol and potassium Hydroxide and the output is biodiesel and glycerin.

77-90

Authors: RAMESH G & ANBARASI N

The concept of singular, Semi-singular and non-singular bimatrices are introduced. The concept of inverse bimatrices, reverse order law and some properties of inverses bimatrices are studied. Also the notion of generalized inverses and some properties of generalized inverse of bimatrices are discussed. The solution of homogeneous and non-homogeneous system of equations are studied.

99-108

Authors: ARWA WAFIQ HUSSEIN & MOHAMED WALID AHMED

Fuel economy has become a major concern due to the increase of oil price. Moreover, the availability of fuels is limited and depleting as the consumption is increasing. Renewable energy became a solution to this entire dilemma. Solar energy represents one of the best alternative energy available to mitigate these challenges. This paper studies the potential of using solar Photovoltaic system onboard of an ongoing ship as an auxiliary power. Photovoltaic panels are supposed to be installed on the deck of the ship. The Average Annual Cost (AAC) due to installing the solar panels are calculated and compared with the fuel cost. Simple curves are introduced to be used to estimate the PV area, number of batteries required and the AAC for solar system. The study showed that using solar energy, as an auxiliary power, will reduce the annual cost of the ship and above all it is an environmental friendly solution which reduces the carbon emissions of the ship.

117-125

Authors: INNOCENT UDUEHIABHULIMEN

The hardness and microstructure of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) weld of a mild steel joint has been investigated. The hardness of the weld joint and the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of a mild steel is important when considering its performance during its application in industries. In the use of pipelines for the transportation of gases and fluids over long distances to different destinations, the pipes need to be joined together by mostly welding. Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process was used in this research having chosen current, voltage, gas flow rate and electrode diameter as the process parameters. The hardness test was conducted using the Rockwell hardness scale B while the microstructure was evaluated using the metallurgical microscope. The different variation in the hardness values was observed and it was noted that the weld joint has the highest hardness values followed by the HAZ and finally the base metal. With choice of the process parameters, current was also noted to have contributed mostly to the effect of the hardness values.

143-146

Authors: MALA RAMESH. R, R. NIJAGUNAPPA, RAVIKIRAN. K & MANJUNATH. K

The present study deals with ichthyofauna of Shree Sharanabasaveshwara Lake Gulbarga district, Karnataka. The study was undertaken for a period of one year and monthly collections were made from February 2013 to March-2014. During the study occurrence of ten fish (10) species belonging to 3 orders were identified. Order Siluriformes was dominant with 5 species, Mystus krishnenis, Ompak bimaculatus, Wallago attu, Amblypharygodon mola, Channa striatus followed by Cypriniformes order with 4 species Labeo rohita, Catla Catla, Puntius sophore, Tor Mussullah and Osteoglossiformes with one species Notopterus notopterus

1-12

Authors: ADITYA KAMATH

NASA Lunabotics Mining Competition is an annual robotics competition organized by NASA Kennedy Space Center at their Visitors Complex in Florida every year. In May 2013, a team from Manipal University participated in the 4th Annual Lunabotics Mining Competition. The participating teams need to develop a tele-operated or automatic lunar excavation robot to mine lunar soil (regolith) on a simulated lunar surface. This article presents the methods used by the team in order to achieve full autonomy of the robot for the traversal of the pre-described arena. This paper describes the project from the formulation of the navigation algorithm to the simulation in detail keeping focus on the basic and specific functionality of the robot.

19-32

Authors: RAVIKUMAR B. CHOODEGOWDA, GILBERT MALINGA & KEDARNATH

Land development in urbanized watersheds poses a potential of increasing storm runoff rates and therefore increasing the risk of flooding in the downstream areas of a watershed. To investigate the temporal change in land use practices on the watershed hydrology, a hydrological analysis was conducted on Little Kitten Creek watershed located near Manhattan city of Riley county, Kansas, USA. Native land use types in the watershed changed in to commercial development and residential parcels due to rapid development over the period of ten years. Data collected and analyzed included digital elevation model (DEM) of study site, stream network and soil data using Arc GIS and Arc-Hydro Software. Watershed characteristics were also computed. The delineated watershed boundary, stream segments and soil data layers were over laid to produce soil maps. Time of concentration (Tc) was determined for the pre and post development conditions in the watershed using seven different methods. These computed time of concentration values were observed to be shorter for the post-development condition when compared to the pre-development condition of the watershed. The reduced time of concentration in the post development condition is attributed to increase in percentage of impervious areas due to increased residential development in the watershed resulted in increased runoff rates.

41-48

Authors: VIDYA DESHMUKH & ABHILASHA MISHRA

In this paper, E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with slot is proposed for ISM BAND application. The proposed antenna project is about microstrip antenna with meandered ground plane. The design adopts contemporary techniques; coaxial probe feeding, E-shape patch structure and slotted patch. The composite effect of introducing the proposed patch, offer a low profile, broadband, and low cross-polarization level. The results for the return loss, VSWR, gain and co-and cross-polarization patterns are presented. The antenna operating the band of 2.40-2.48GHz shows an comparative impedance bandwidth and its gain table for various shape arrangement. The entire project is design and simulated in an soft HFSS software.

55-62

Authors: HESHAM ELZANATY

The alloys of different weight percentage of Cu–namely, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt.% are produced by conventional melting and mould casting route. The effect of different Cu–weight percentage on the tensile properties, percent elongation, hardness and wear behavior of the alloys is investigated. It was observed that the hardness of the alloys increased continuously with increasing copper content up to 5 wt.%. The tensile strength increased and the wear loss decreased with increasing Cu–content up to 2 wt. % for Zn–40Al but up to 3 wt. % for Al–40Zn. However, the coefficient of friction and temperature were found to be less for the copper containing alloys than the ones without copper.

69-76

Authors: WACŁAW KOLLEK & URSZULA RADZIWANOWSKA

This paper presents the results of modernization of gear micropump casing in order to achieve minimization of overall dimensions and mass of the construction. Three different cases of the pump casing size were analyzed during numerical simulations with the use of finite element method (FEM). The dimensions of the first of the casings were identical to prototype unit, the second model was characterized by 15% reduction in size and the third casing was reduced by 25%. During the analysis, stress and displacement distribution in pump casings were observed. In the first modernized casing (85%), maximal stress value was equal to 104MPa, and the maximal value of displacement 0.012mm. In the second modification of pump casing (75%), the highest stress values achieved 134MPa, and maximal displacement 0.017mm. Strength and stiffness criteria in both modernized pump bodies were achieved.

81-84

Authors: AKHIL SAOKAR, SHREYANSH JAIN & ARUNA GAWADE

In recent years, introduction of a renewable energy source such as solar energy is expected due to the expected depletion of other conventional energy sources. Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. In order to integrate this type of source into an existing power distribution system, system planners need an accurate model that predicts the availability of the generating capacity. In order to predict this to a successful extent, an artificial neural network is applied. This paper shows the results of our earlier proposed neural network model used for prediction of solar irradiation, as well as compares outputs from various neural network models based on supervised learning rules and Error Back Propagation Training Algorithm. The irradiation and other training data of one year (December 2012 to November 2013) have been obtained from Tata Power Company’s Mulshi Solar Power Plant.

93-104

Authors: SAID CHARFI, REDOUAN LAHMYED & LALITHA RANGARAJAN

Computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) systems can enhance the diagnostic capabilities of physicians and reduce the time required for accurate diagnosis. The objective of this paper is to review the recent published segmentation and classification techniques and their state-of-the-art for the human brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). The review reveals the CAD systems of human brain MRI images are still an open problem. In the light of this review we proposed a hybrid intelligent machine learning technique for computer-aided detection system for automatic detection of brain tumor through magnetic resonance images. The proposed technique is based on the following computational methods; the histogram dependent thresholding for image segmentation, the discrete wavelet transform for features extraction, the principal component analysis for reducing the dimensionality of the wavelet coefficients, and the feed forward back-propagation neural network to classify inputs into normal or abnormal. The experiments were carried out on 80 images consisting of 37 normal and 43 abnormal (malignant and benign tumors) from a real human brain MRI dataset. The classification accuracy on both training and test images is 90% which was significantly good. The results revealed that the proposed hybrid approach is accurate and fast and robust. Finally, possible future directions are suggested.

113-122

Authors: RATIBA WIDED BIARA & DJAMAL ALKAMA

"Foggara" certainly reflects a system of conventional irrigation, which has long served as caravan dwellers and roaming in their travels through the Sahara. But, it reports ingenious irrigation process conjecture, is adapting to the climate, inherent social context to this region. It’s a method for groundwater capture who assured the payment of local institutions in the Algerian Sahara. History testified to an evolution of the oasis, where the parties y related to abandoned, while others replaced the percolates gardens. Causes emanate from the drawdown of the sheet, either to silting, or at the same time. There are overriding reasons that justify the occupation of the ground of human settlements in the Gourara. If the foggara, has of sustainability for long periods the Algerian oasis; It is also important to mention that the hydraulic evolution, which were subject, has been proven in the Gourara: typically at Timmoun. Unfortunately today we are witnessing the decline of countless oasis of foggara. Thus, it can be assumed a quasi interim implementation in the Gourara; even can be downright fear further severe natural conditions, final desertification in the region. In view of this is to ask: How can we preserve and safeguard this hydraulic heritage?

127-132

Authors: BHAVNA KHATRI, VIMAL N. PANDEY & PRADEEP CHOUKSEY

Educational Datamining (EDM) is an emerging dicipline, concerned with developing methods for exploring the unique types of data that come from educational system and using those methods to better understand students, and the system which they learn in. This paper is designed to justify the capabilities of datamining techniques in context of higher education by offering a datamining model for higher education system in technical institution. In this, we are proposing a detection techniques for detecting abnormal values in the student’s result sheets. For this we are applying dataminig techniques like classification, decision tree etc. on the huge educational data, for finding errors in the sheets with respect to score or grade or any calculation mistakes.

141-156

Authors: SINGH PAPU, SINGH SWETA & SINGH BR

Garlic is a semi-perishable vegetable spice and nearly 30% of the crop is wasted due to respiration and microbiological spoilage during storage. Through garlic is produced abundantly and consumed as such, little efforts have so far been made to produce dehydrated garlic and garlic powder. The proper drying techniques are the most important aspect of fruits and vegetables preservation. The use of solar dryer helps not only to reduce losses and improves the quality of product but also helps in conserving the convectional energy sources. A greenhouse type solar dryer was used the experiments were conducted to develop dehydrated garlic slices so as to enhance the availability of garlic slices during off season. In the present study, fresh garlic slices were pretreated in two ways (i) KMS treated samples (ii) NaCl treated samples (ratio of water 1:4 w/w) and untreated garlic slices were also dried as control samples. The slices were dried at different thicknesses of 3.0 mm, 4.5 mm, and 6.0 mm under greenhouse type solar dryer and in open sun. Physico-chemical analysis i. e. moisture content, moisture ratio, drying rate, ascorbic acid, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, colour, and pungency were evaluated during the experiment. Experiments were also conducted to study the effect of drying conditions on sensory quality and rehydration characteristics. It was found that total drying time decreased in drying air temperature at 51.630C under greenhouse type solar dryer condition. Major drying took place in falling rate period. The average drying rate increased with increase in temperature and decrease with time and thickness. Chemically treated samples dried under greenhouse type solar dryer took lesser time than untreated samples. It was observed that total moisture loss increased with increase in drying temperature. The rehydration ratio for dehydrated garlic increased under greenhouse type solar dryer as compared to open sun drying. The product quality was found to be more acceptable in case of 3.0 mm thickness, KMS treated samples dried under greenhouse type solar dryer.

163-168

Authors: AVINASH V NAIR & SWAPNA HARI

In recent years we have been watching a tremendous increase in the growth of online social networks(OSNs). OSNs enable people to share personal and public information and make social connections with friends, family members and other peoples. In addition to the rapid increase in the use of social network, it raises a number of security and privacy issues. While OSNs allow users to restrict access to shared data, they currently do not provide any mechanism to totally enforce privacy issue solver associated with multiple users. The proposed method implements a solution yo facilitate collaborative management of common data item in OSNs. Each controller of the data item can set his privacy settings to the shared data item. The proposed method also identifies privacy conflicting segments and helps in resolving the privacy conflicts and a final decision is made whether or not to provide access to the shared data item.

1-8

Authors: MAHUA BHOWMIK, SUMA DUPALL2, DHANASHRI SAINDANE & GITANJALI MURUMKAR

This paper describes the modeling of a micro sensor node for wireless sensor network. This model allows studying the impact of hardware and software choices into the node autonomy. This model is used to evaluate the best configuration of a sensor node according to the application specifications and eventually to underline to need to design a specific element for the target application. We are presenting the model of micro sensor node and energy model in order to verify the various aspects of minimizing the energy consumption of sensor nodes according to application. We evaluated MAC and routing protocol in terms of all energy parameter.

17-22

Authors: AMRUTA BALASAHEB JAMDADE

Both electric utilities and end users of electric power are becoming increasingly concerned about the quality of electric power. Newer-generation load equipment, with microprocessor-based controls and power electronic devices, is more sensitive to power quality variations than was equipment used in the past. So now a day’s study of the power quality events while designing the power supply board is most important.

33-44

Authors: S. M. ABDUL MANNAN HUSSAIN, B. VAMSI KRISHNA & V. RANJITH KUMAR

Lean construction is a relatively new construction management philosophy which has evolved from Lean manufacturing principles. Lean construction along with its various tools like the Pull Approach, Just in Time, Continuous Improvement, Last Planner System, etc. has gathered a lot of momentum in the developed nations. The challenge now lies in implementing it in the developing countries. The Last Planner system is a production planning system designed to produce predictable work flow and rapid learning in programming, design, construction and commission of projects. The essence of Lean Construction is to increase in efficiency by elimination of non value adding activities.

51-58

Authors: VINEET RICHHARIYA & PRATEEK CHOUREY

Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) is used to extract relevant knowledge from large amount of data and at the same time protect the sensitive information from the data miners. The enhancement of data mining research will be the development of techniques that incorporate privacy concerns. This paper provides an enhanced technique for preserving privacy of association rules as well as private data of individuals in an outsourced business transaction database. As the importance of business transaction data has increased manifolds and the data has become an essential part of any business. This paper implement privacy by using a perturbation technique using jointly Gaussian Function that will not only maintain the privacy of association rules present in the dataset but also the sensitive attributes of individuals contained in it. Using this approach we are reducing time complexity, space complexity, and fake and false rules problems.

73-78

Authors: K. N. NINGE GOWDA & VENKATESHA BABU

6σ is one of the most common terminologies used in industries focusing on process improvements, although in the apparel sector this is still a grey area. A brief study was done on how the sigma value is calculated and its correlation with Yield %. An attempt was made to calculate the Yield % within the organization which is number of units leaving the process right first time / number of units produced. VSM approach was made to identify the Yield % from raw materials in-house to shipment. This VSM for quality was done for various styles and the through put yield was as low as 26.9% to maximum of 30.69%. Referring to Motorola six sigma table the yield indicated that the manufacturing process was at 1 sigma level. Study revealed that the primary problem evident was “not being right the first time “. There were significant costs incurred and reflected in Poor quality costs or cost of poor quality (COPQ). COPQ was evident in external failure, internal failure and appraisal cost due to process inefficiencies, multiple inspection levels, rework and substandard products shipped leading to claims and discounts. Future state of 1 sigma jump was defined and the corresponding yield was defined. By obtaining a 1 sigma jump the yield % increased from 31% to 69%. There was considerable reduction in rework cost, other tangible benefits obtained were reduction in head count, WIP, floor space, throughput time, Outgoing quality level and reduction in overtime. Implementing LEAN SIX-SIGMA to obtain 1 sigma jump will have help Apparel Industry to gain a competitive advantage.

85-98

Authors: D. K. SHUKLA, MAHENDRA SINGH & K. K. JAIN

The rock mass bearing capacity and its deformational behavior is governed by the interaction of intact blocks with the discontinuities in rock mass. Under very low confining pressure or unconfined stress condition, they dictate a major influence on strength and deformational behavior of the jointed rock mass. In this study, strength and deformational behavior of slopping anisotropic rock mass have been assessed experimentally as well as analytically. The jointed rock mass assembled using sand stone element of 25 mm × 25 mm × 75 mm along different joint angles of 15˚, 30˚, 45˚, 60˚, 75˚ and 90˚ and slope angles of 30˚, 45˚, 60˚, 75˚, and 90˚ with the horizontal in plane strain condition and 15 cm × 15 cm footing placed exactly at the edge of the slope as well as at 15 cm from edge. Joint angle, distance of footing from edge and modes of failure are important parameters, which govern the load intensity at slope apart from rock mass properties. Load carrying capacity of rock mass can be assessed analytically, if the mode of failure can be predicted. Unconfined rock mass with continuous joint parallel to side slope predicts buckling failure which is also observed experimentally. Experimental data has been analyzed by Euler’s buckling theory as suggested by Cavers (1981).

105-112

Authors: ISMAIL FATHY, ABDELAZIM M. NEGM, MAGID EL-FIKY, MOHAMMED NASSAR & EMAN AL-SAYED

Climate change is one of the most important parameters affecting the water resources. It can be considered as a long-term change. It obviously affects the whole hydrologic cycle, therefore it causes a variation in rainfall intensity, duration and frequency of precipitation. Many regions in Egypt need to create or update their rainfall characteristics as a result to the climate changes (e.g. Intensity Duration Frequency IDF). This study aims to create a new IDF curve of Sinai Peninsula using the available methods of recurrence period (California, Hazen, Kimball and Gumbel) with Sherman formula. Field data is used to build the statistical equations of IDF curve. Data was collected by Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Egypt. It was found that both California and Kimball methods are more accurate than the other methods compared to the local field data. In addition, both methods have the same outputs. Finally the contour maps of Sherman coefficients of Sinai Peninsula have been developed and calibrated.

125-132

Authors: RAHROVAN ZAHRA & SHAHMIRZAEE HOSSEIN

In the present paper, an analytical theory will be investigated for studying three-layer slab waveguide for sensor applications. The sensor is a proposed nonlinear optical waveguide including a linear thin film with thickness h and dielectric constant ε_f that is surrounded by a substrate with nonlinear permittivity ε_1and a cover with nonlinear permittivity ε_2. Nonlinear environments are of Kerr type. One of the best quantities studied in the research is sensor sensitivity, that is determined with change in effective refractive index N for changing in refractive index of cover medium n_c. Status of obtaining max sensitivity for nonlinear waveguide sensors TE has been investigated and compared with linear sensors. Guide layer has been chosen as 〖Si〗_3 N_4and GaN and we have applied silica as cover and substrate environment with some percent impurity. Our proposed sensor with sensitivity of S_h= 0. 2798 increases up to 105.433% and thickness of sensor has decrease of h=105 nm up to 41.666% compared to previous proposed sensors of researchers.

143-150

Authors: NEHA GUPTA, RAVI KUMAR GUPTA & SHIPRA GUPTA

Computer security is one of the most important parameters considered in any computer system to prevent any data misuse by an unauthorized/ outside intrusion. Cryptography is one technique for data/ computer security. In this paper, we have proposed a technique for a more secure data transfer which is a alteration to the classical public key crytogarphy method known as Unique Information Based Secure RSA. This method is based on public key cryptography scheme. In Unique Information Based Secure (UI SECURE) RSA public key of a user is derived from his/her unique identity such as email id, phone number. With the use of UI SECURE RSA, there is no need of public key certificates. It has a special entity called SEM. SEM is an on-line partially trusted server. For using services of SEM, a user needs to obtain an identity based token from SEM. A message cannot be encrypted or decrypted without this token. UI SECURE RSA divides the private key of the user in two parts: one part is given to the user and the other to the SEM. Both parts of the key are used to encrypt/decrypt the message. This technique is very secure as the key cannot be derived using half key.

165-174

Authors: MITHILESH KUMAR MISHRA & ANURIKA VAISH

This paper illustrates the diversity in the publication and delivery of content of any website. The issue of web content obsolescence [1] is growing with reach and popularity of web technology. One of various kind of web obsolescence is time based content obsolescence There have been several approaches to curb the obsolescence in the cyber space, such as user feedback based marking of obsolete content and use of language processing techniques. In this paper we have a new method of detecting and filtering of web obsolescence from Internet traffic by defining age of web content at paragraph level using newly introduced two attributes. Proposed content obsolescence detection/filtering technique will reduce the effort of website designers. By introducing such content aging techniques in markup language, we can make obsolescence detection and filtering more automated that eventually mitigates the manual work of updating the website on a regular basis [2]. In this paper a framework has been designed to demonstrate the modus operandi of content filtering on the basis of the age of web content in a static HTML [3] document file, present in the web root of any web server.

181-188

Authors: S. RAJESH, B. M. KULKARNI, S. KUMARAPPA & S. SHANMUKHAPPA

Ethanol and biodiesel are two potential alternative fuels and ethanol can be used with biodiesel to extend the availability of diesel. In this work Acid oil, a byproduct of vegetable oil refineries has been investigated as a source of biodiesel as it is economical and readily available. Fuel properties of biodiesel produced are compared with standard diesel fuel. Blends of ethanol, biodiesel and diesel are prepared maximizing the biodiesel content to 60%. In order to ascertain the applicability of blends as fuel, properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash and fire point, cloud and pour point of stable blends have been determined as per ASTM standards. Cetane index is calculated using four variable equation method. Results suggests that all properties are in accordance with the stipulated standard values of biodiesel.

203-210

Authors: R. S. NEJKAR & G. A. PATIL

Data security and access control is one of the most challenging ongoing research work in cloud computing, because users are outsourcing their sensitive data to cloud providers. Existing solutions uses pure cryptographic techniques to mitigate these security and access control problems. These solutions suffer from heavy computational overhead on the data owner as well as the cloud service provider for key distribution and management. We address this challenging issue using capability based access control with trusted third party to ensure valid users will access the outsourced data.

1-6

Authors: NEHA ROHILLA & ANIL KAMBOJ

Carrier aggregation (CA) is one of the most important technologies to ensure the success of 4G technologies. Carrier aggregation allows both an efficient use of spectrum already deployed and the required support for the resource allocation in new frequency bands. The Release 8 LTE carrier maximum bandwidth is 20 MHz. This bandwidth can be further extended in LTE-Advanced by carrier aggregation, with which the base stations can transmit multiple LTE carriers, each having bandwidth upto 20 MHz. When no carrier aggregation is used, the user will receive one carrier. When carrier aggregation is used, it is possible to send not only one carrier but multiple carriers to the users, which leads to a higher bit rate. Adding carrier aggregation influences energy efficiency for some modulation schemes. So, the objective is to study energy efficient LTE system in order to reduce power consumption of the system and to increase the energy efficiency and throughput.

15-24

Authors: PRASHANT K. SHAH, AKSHAR L. MULEY & KOMAL J. DALWADI

Certain characteristics inherent in on-line technologies increase the likelihood that they will be exploited for deviant purposes. Unlike physical bullying, electronic bullies can remain virtually anonymous using temporary email accounts, pseudonyms in chat rooms, instant messaging programs, cell-phone text messaging, and other Internet venues to mask their identity; this perhaps frees them from normative and social constraints on their behavior. Additionally, electronic forums often lack supervision. While chat hosts regularly observe the dialog in some chat rooms in an effort to police conversations and evict offensive individuals, personal messages sent between users (such as electronic mail or text messages) are viewable only by the sender and the recipient, thereby outside the regulatory reach of such authorities. In addition, when teenagers know more about computers and cellular phones than their parents or guardians, they are therefore able to operate the technologies without concern that a parent will discover their experience with bullying (whether as a victim or offender). Another factor is the inseparability of a cellular phone from its owner, making that person a perpetual target for victimization. Users often need to keep their phone turned on for legitimate purposes, which provides the opportunity for those with malicious intentions to engage in persistent unwelcome behavior such as harassing telephone calls or threatening and insulting statements via the cellular phone’s text messaging capabilities. Cyber-bullying thus penetrates the walls of a home, traditionally a place where victims could seek refuge from other forms of bullying. Moreover, bullies can gang up on their victims on electronic pages more efficiently than they do in traditional bullying, since there is no limit to the number of people who can join in, following a bullying statement.

33-42

Authors: NIHARIKA & RANJEET KAUR

A honeypot is a non-production system which offers sweet bait to the intruders, blackhat community [1] that can enhance the ability of system administrators to identify system vulnerabilities. This paper presents a survey on recent advances in honeypot research from a review of 20+ papers on honeypots and related topics. A recent technology in the area of intrusion detection is honeypot technology that unlike common IDSs tends to provide the attacker with all the necessary resources needed for a successful attack. Honeypots provide a platform to study the approaches and tools used by the intruders, thus acquiring their value from the unauthorized use of their resources.

51-58

Authors: ARJUN VIMAL RAJ R & C. JAGADEESH VIKRAM

This paper focuses on advanced hybrid marine vessel technology is a proposed idea that involves inculcating solar energy, wind energy and oxy hydrogen (HHO) for marine propulsion solutions. The objective and scope of this project is to propose an idea in hybrid marine vessel technology using renewable resources.

65-72

Authors: CHANDAN CHOUBEY & KRISHNA GOPAL

A simple computational procedure has been developed by using Monte Carlo for allocating redundancy among subsystems so as to achieve maximum reliability of a complex systems subjected to multiple constraints which may be linear, non linear separable or non separable. Two examples of linear, non linear separable and non separable constraints with having twenty problems are solved.

81-90

Authors: JAYANT ARBUNE, SHYAM MANATKAR, NEHA KOPARDE, MANJIREE HINGANE & ABHIJEET GHADGE

Bio fuel has been regarded as potential alternative fuel for partial substitution of petrodiesel. Jatrophacurcas which is one of the sources of bio-diesel, are easily available in tropical and sub-tropical areas. A number of plantation practices and engine test runs have been conducted across the world, which has been successful to demonstrate it as alternative source of fuel. The article here thus tries to compile some of the important aspects of Jatropha, and chicken fat oil, which is hoped to be an aided tools for researchers and to internalize in their respective areas for the promotion of jatrophacurcas and chicken fat oil to provide complimentary support in substituting petro-diesel in future, especially in developing countries.

97-110

Authors: BHUVANESHWARI C. MELINAMATH

We have developed a wide coverage Hierarchical morpho-syntactic annotator system for Kannada language using hierarchical tag set. Developing annotator using hierarchical tag set is another new attempt, as there are no such systems exists for Kannada or any Indian Language. Attempts tried so far are using flat tag set. Our annotating system relay on five resources 1) Tag set 2) Dictionary 3) Morphological system 4) Named entity recognizer. Morphological system is developed using well defined saMdhi rules and using finite state transducer (FST) transition file shows the order of suffixation. The architecture is general and can be adopted for other language families just by replacing morph relevant information files. There is no hard coding. The system takes a Kannada sentence as input and gives POS tag/tags for each word of the sentence as output. There is not much work is done in automatic processing of Kannada language. The major types of morphological process like inflection, derivation, and compounding are handled in this system. The goal of our work is to create a new computational model within the framework of finite state technology that will account for word formation processes in Kannada language. Annotation plays an important role in Natural Language Processing applications such as Parsing, Information Extraction, Information Retrieval and Machine Translation. Results are encouraging with respect to noun as compared to verbs. More than 90% results are obtained for nouns and around 85% results are obtained for verbs.

117-124

Authors: DAINGADE AJIT SAMPATRAO, METKARI GANESH SUNIL & P. D. KULKARNI

Major need of energy generation is fulfilled by fossil fuels which are used for worldwide transportation. In recent year India need sources of an alternative fuel as a biodiesel and its major potential can be generated in India almost 10-30% of diesel can be replaced with blending of biodiesel. This biodiesel can reduce major Burdon on the import as well as reduction in pollution level. For India maximum wasteland can be utilized for plantation of sources as a seed base like caster seed, Neem trees and biodiesel can be produced and make it available as alternative fuel. The focus of this paper is to conduct study of biodiesel properties (castor oil + Neem oil) and its performance with various blends. For diesel engine the performance and emission is almost increasing by 2-5 % and emission level are quiet lower than present fuel. This will be the major sources in the generation of energy for the replacement of diesel. So that we are interested in biodiesel for a variety of reasons, but most importantly, it’s potential to reduce total lifetime carbon dioxide emissions, as well as reduction in other pollutants.

143-152

Authors: HIMANSHU M. SHAH & NAVNEET KAUR

A data stream is continuous, rapid, unbounded sequence of data. Mining Frequent pattern in stream data is very challenging because data can be scan one time only. Due to this reason traditional approach cannot be use for data stream. In this paper we give overview of growing field Data Stream mining. Generating and maintaining association rule from stream data is not easy task. Association rule help retailer and business manager by providing hidden useful information. There are many algorithm proposed for efficiently mining Data stream which we discuss in this paper.

161-168

Authors: GALAL A. HASSAAN

Too many passengers die or injure every year because of highway accidents. Most of the vehicle manufacturing companies are unable successfully to control this matter. This paper handles the optimal design of a passive spring-damper buffer that can be attached to the vehicle from its front, rear or both sides to avoid catastrophic effects due to collision. The optimization toolbox of MATLAB is used to minimize an absolute error objective function to keep the dynamic motion of the crashing vehicle to below certain level without destroying the standing hit vehicle. A 100 mm level is set for this dynamic motion. The crashing speed is varied between 20 and 140 km/h and a vehicle mass in the range of 1000 to 6000 kg is considered. The required optimal values of the spring stiffness and damper damping ratio are defined against the crashing speed. The whole process is reduced to the selection of a unit set of buffer parameters to protect crashing small and medium vehicles at speeds ≤ 140 km/h with maximum dynamic motions less that the 100 mm level. This reduces the whole design process to a passive buffer with 88.776 kN/m stiffness and a 2250 kNs/m damping coefficient. This avoids the need to active and semi-active expensive techniques.

179-186

Authors: B. MUNISWAMY & N. GEETHANJALI

Network Coding (NC) has been proved to be the breakthrough in the research field of networks and communication. It is an effective technique to increase network capacity and improve the throughput, robustness and reliability of networks. Network Coding refers to a scheme where a node is allowed to generate output data by mixing its received data. This paper presents the use of Network Coding in wired Networks and wireless networks. We also surveys the applications of Network Coding in the domains of peer-to-peer Networks, delay tolerant Networks. We also present a number of interesting research challenges in these domains, where the network coding can be used.

199-206

Authors: NEERAJKUMAR S SATHAWANE & PRAVIN KSHIRSAGAR

The main cause of human death is cardiovascular disease (CVD) in today’s world. In order to combat and diagnose this disease, many professionals are using mobile electrocardiogram (ECG) in remote monitoring system. ECG Feature Extraction plays a significant role in diagnosing most of the cardiac diseases. Here comprehensive review has been made for feature extraction of ECG signal analyzing, feature extracting and then classifying it have been proposed during the past time, and here we introduced Artificial Neural Network (ANN). To know the present condition of the heart Electrocardiography and is an important tool but it is a time consuming process to analyze a continuous ECG signal as it may contain thousands of continuous heart beats. Here we convert analog signal to digital one and then reverse of it, it helps in accurately diagnosing the signal. Also this paper presents a detection of some heart arrhythmias using Matlab is done. Hence we input ECG signals to the neural network, these signals are processed by ANN and we diagnose heart arrhythmias correctly. Most important thing in analysis of ECG signals is its fundamental features like amplitudes and intervals are required which determine the functioning of heart. Results shown here are explaining the diagnosis and classification of diseases.

225-232

Authors: RAID TARIK AL-KHATEEB

This search including the studying of location and important points of testing and inspection in AL Muthanna cement plant through chemical test for chemical oxides (SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, SO3, MgO, CaO) that have been taken from these points during the process of cement production depending on the technical route of the plant. After comparing between the results of chemical testing for this point we find there ismis coincidence between the test result of stone quarry (S1) with stone crusher(S3) and raw materials mill (S4) with storage and homogenization materials silo (S5). So the furnace (S7) with clinker storage (S8) that technical route has been developed contain afew testing points for decreasing the time and materials testing necessary.

241-248

Authors: KARZAN ABDULKAREEM OMAR

Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on manganese dioxide nanoparticles was studying under different experimental conditions such as pH (1, 6.5 and14) and at 15°C Temp. The kinetics of the reaction was analyzed by first order equation and rate constants were determined from the slopes of the straight lines. It was observed from the experimental results that the decomposition rate constant was found to be dependent on pH. MnO2 nanoparticles used as a catalyst for decomposition H2O2 were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The as-prepared MnO2 nanoparticles were systematically characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and SEM - EDX analysis techniques. The average particle size of manganese dioxide nanoparticles was calculated from the XRD study. The average particle size of MnO2 nanoparticles was 14 nm. The resulting MnO2 nanoparticles were found to exhibit remarkable environmental catalytic performance in the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution.

255-260

Authors: K. DHARANI, S. SUBALAKSHMI & D. BALAMURUGAN

In last few decades, remotely monitored embedded system for irrigation purposes have become a new necessity for farmer to save his energy, time and money. This paper is proposing a agricultural solution for the farmer based on Wireless Sensor Networks, zigbee and GSM technology. The data acquired about environmental factors of the land and periodic growth of crops captured via camera traps is transmitted to the farmer enabling him to control the actuators in the field. Zigbee based low power handheld devices are employed to enable cost saving, and the valves and sprinklers are employed to save the water usage for irrigation. The proposed system is simple and easy to implement and the parameters recorded helps a great way to farmer to enable the “Smart farms” theory work for him. The microcontroller is used for controlling the above environment.

271-274

Authors: U. N. SHAH & C. D. MODHERA

Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a latest innovation in concrete technology and it is gaining popularity all over the world because of its self flow ability but it requires the large amount of powder content. We have replaced the cement by fly ash in different percentage in laboratory and variations in fresh properties of Self Compacting Concrete are studied. During the study Slump flow, slump flow T50cm time, L box passing ratio test, V funnel passing time test were carried out according to the EFNARC standards. Studies show the increase in the flow ability of the self compacting concrete as fly ash percentage get increases.

285-292

Authors: S. Y. SAWANT, SAGAR E. MORE & H. M. DANGE

When we come across special purpose application such as H2SO4 dilution plant acid cooling, chromium bath cooling, Chlorinator cooling etc. Then major problem is due to corrosion and its effects due to fouling and scaling. In this research work, new polymer coated materials are developed and tested for its thermal and mechanical properties. We have develop plate type heat exchanger with this developed material Polly vinyl based polymer coating on the mild steel plates. This heat exchanger is tested for different industrial corrosive application like Acid cooling application, saline or brackish water cooling, chlorinated water cooling, chromium plating bath cooling, etc.

301-310

Authors: K. SOUNDARARAJAN & SUMA R

The search goals of different users may be different depending up on their need. The analysis and inference of user search goal helps to improve the search engine relevance. In this paper we introduce a method to predict the user search goals of the query that a user give by clustering the existing feedback details. We use Hybrid Bee Algorithm and cluster validity indexes for the effective clustering of the feedback. We also use an automatic annotation approach to align the data units on a result page into different groups such that the data in the same group have same meaning.