IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology

9-14

Authors: Aashish A. Gadgil

Image segmentation is one of the most important steps involved in performing higher level image processing, e.g. Medical Imaging (locate tumors, tissue volumes etc.), Face recognition, Video surveillance. A lot of researches have dedicated to this field because of its intrinsic dilemma, but there still remain a wide range of shortcomings in the current segmentation methods. If used in case of satellite imagery which contains tremendous data volume and very multifarious ground feature distributions, it will encounter even more difficulties in extracting meaningful and valuable patterns. In this paper, satellite imagery is classified into two types: the gray value and surface imagery, and then look for suitable segmentation methods. Various segmentation algorithms are implemented that are also illustrated and validated with typical applications on segmenting and extracting objects of interest from the images.

23-34

Authors: Dhaval M. Parikh & G. J. Joshi

Indian infrastructure investment in general and highway construction in particular have seen manifold increase in the recent times. This has brought about a paradigm shift in the way in which the highway construction industry has been conducting its business with increased pressure on its stakeholders, namely the employers, the contractors and the consultants for high quality and timely project delivery. Disputes and arbitration has also seen a dramatic rise in past decade or so. Majority of the projects due to several reasons encounter time overrun. This paper presents the study of multi-level break down structure of the claim-causes and its impact on the project time overrun with multiple claim-causes acting simultaneously. It presents the prediction model for predicting time overrun in highway construction contracts in India. It is proposed to use this model for diagnostic as well as predictive tool to understand and possibly mitigate time overrun.

39-46

Authors: V. Ch Sandeep Raj, B. N Malleswara Rao & V. V. S Prasad

The design of a bulk carrier ship hull is done either by using B.S.R.A results or Taylor s series by conventional methods which may results in some inaccuracies in the design. Two bulk carriers of 30,000 DWT and 53,000 DWT are designed using the computer aided design software and the results are shown the ship is designed using the modern computer design application softwares.

57-68

Authors: Ibtihal A. Mahmood, Walaa W. Jameel & Lubna Alaa Khaleel

The erosion wear resistance of Ni base super alloy (Monel 400) can be improved by thermal sprayed coatings produced by the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). In this work, (Monel 400) is coated with two different types of coatings, the first one is Al2O3+5% TiO2 and the second is Al2O3 +15% (7-8YSZ), these layers were made of 350-400 μm as top coat, pre-sprayed with 50-100 μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat To study the erosion wear behavior of the coatings, erosion test apparatus was designed according to ASTM G-76 also a plan of experiments based on the Taguchi technique is used to acquire the erosion test data in a controlled way. An orthogonal array and signal-to-noise ratio are employed to investigate the influence of the coating materials, impingement angle and stand-off-distance on the erosion rate. The study reveals that the coating materials is the most significant factor influencing the erosion wear rate. Al2O3 +15% (7-8YSZ) has higher wear resistance than Al2O3+5% TiO2, Porosity influences their performance when subjected to wear (loss of thickness increased as the porosity increased), The measurement of hardness before and after the wear tests indicates that there was no significant change in either the metal or the coated samples at 3000C for 1 hr. To assess adherence index, porosity and the hardness for the Al2O3 +5% TiO2 coating are 84%, 9% and 454 HV0.3 respectively while for the Al2O3 +15% (7-8YSZ) coating are 80.1, 17% and483 HV 0.3 respectively.

77-86

Authors: Ibtihal A. Mahmood, Walaa W. Jameel & Lubna Alaa Khaleel

The oxidation resistance of Ni base super alloy (Monel 400) can be improved by thermal sprayed coatings produced by the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), In this work, (Monel 400) is coated with two different types of coatings, the first one is Al2O3+5% TiO2 and the second is Al2O3 +15% (7-8YSZ), these layers were made of 350-400 μm as top coat, pre-sprayed with 50-100 μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat. The results revealed that the Al2O3+5% TiO2 have higher oxidation resistance than Al2O3 +15% (7-8YSZ) in the temperature range (600-800)0C in air for 15 h at 3h cycle. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify phase formed in the surface layer of as-coated specimens before and after oxidation test. Phase transformation is accompanied by volume expansion, leading to compressive stress during oxidation. It is mentionable that the compressive stresses lead to increase of the hardness. Hardness of Al2O3 +15% (7-8YSZ) at (600-700 and800)0C is (723,765 and812) HV 0.3 respectively is more than Al2O3 +5% TiO2 at the same conditions (610,645 and 690) HV 0.3 respectively. Porosity transferred oxygen from top coat layer toward the bond coat (4NiCr5Al). Hence, a thermally grown oxide layer ( ) was formed on the metallic bond coat and internal oxidation of the bond coat occurred during oxidation. Microstructural characterization of coatings demonstrated that the growth of the TGO layer with Al2O3+15%YSZ is more rapid than TGO with Al2O3+5%TiO2. To assess Adherence Index, porosity and the hardness for the Al2O3 +5% TiO2 coating are 84%, 9% and 454 HV 0.3 respectively while for the Al2O3 +15% (7-8YSZ) coating are 80.1, 17% and483 HV 0.3 respectively.