IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature

1-12

Authors: IGNATIUS NSAIDZEDZE

ABSTRACT Lake God and Lysistrata are two plays, which are far apart in time: one is European and classical while the other is African/ Cameroonian and post – colonial. Although these plays are far apart in time, they are similar in one aspect: in these two plays, the playwrights show women using a sex strike as a weapon for revolution. This paper therefore sets out to evaluate the role of female sexuality and power in the politics of change in Greek antiquity and post – colonial Cameroon. Guided by the feminist literary approach, this article is predicated on the assumption that Aristophanes and Butake are male writers who seem to present societies where women are capable of bringing a difference, a revolution or change through a sex strike. The paper reveals that as Chinweizu says in his seminal book Anatomy of Female Power:A Masculinist Dissection of Matriarchy, it is the woman who rules man in this world through her womb and also as Wolfgand Lederer points out in his germinal book The Fear of Woman, man is really afraid of women.

21-36

Authors: ARUN KUMAR M

ABSTRACT The concepts of democratic transition, political party, the party system and institutionalization of party system are contested aspects. There is no all agreed definition available regarding these concepts. Several authors have interpreted and conceptualized these concepts in various ways. They are relevant to understand democratic transition and the institutionalization of political parties in Estonia. Estonia regained its independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991. Since then, the country has undergone multiple transitions in the form of economic, political, cultural and social. Estonia began its nation-building and democratization based on the values and principles of western liberal democracy. Institutional structures such as constitution, president, parliament and political parties which are necessary for democracy were established. The literature on institutional analysis of political parties indicates that institutionalization of party system is a necessary condition for the effective functioning of democracy. Institutionalization of party system is conceptualized in various ways. The constitution of Estonia was adopted on 28 June 1992; with this unicameral legislature Riigikogu consisting of 101 members was formed. The members of parliament are elected for a term of four years through secret ballot on the basis of proportional representation. The president is elected by the Riigikogu for a five-year term. The president nominates the prime minister for the approval by the Riigikogu. Political parties play a very important role in Estonia as in all representative democracies. A multi-party system was developed in Estonia after independence. Since political parties act as a link between society and state, competing political parties and institutionalization of party system are significant factors for successful functioning of representative democracy in Estonia. Hence, the proposed study intends to examine democratic transition, development of political parties and institutionalization of party system in Estonia.

45-52

Authors: NWITE ONUMA & NWANKWO JOHN MICHAEL

ABSTRACT The study examined the role of teacher education and Nigerian teachers as a catalyst for sustainable national development. The study adopted a correlation survey design. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The population comprised all the 3,507registered teachers in Abakaliki education zone of the state. A total 400 registered teachers constituted the sample using proportionate stratified random sampling technique to select 200 male and 200 female register teachers. A researcher developed instrument entitled “Role of Teacher Education and Nigerian Teachers for Sustainable National Development questionnaire (RTENTSDQ)” was used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the data using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) while the null hypotheses were tested at the probability value of 0.05 alpha level of significance the results indicates that there is a positive relationship between Nigerian teachers’ professional roles and sustainable national development. The study recommends that Teacher Registration Council of Nigeria should be empowered financially and legally to control and regulateentrance into teaching profession to avoid employment of non-professionals into the system for the purpose of sustainability of the system.

61-72

Authors: OKAFOR VIRGINIA, C & ALABI TAOFEEK OLANREWAJU

ABSTRACT Political campaign, as an integral part of democracy, thrives on the centrality of language use. The 2015 general election in Nigeria witnessed a campaign of calumny, full of inflammatory rhetoric and verbal attacks on perceived political opponents, capable of truncating the country’s nascent democracy. Hence, this paper examines, from perspective of pragmatics, instances of hate speeches made by political actors during the 2015 general election campaigns in Nigeria with the aim of revealing their pragmatic import. Since language is an instrument of action, the Speech Act theory (SAT) by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969) serves as our theoretical framework. The data analysed were retrieved from publications of purposively selected Nigerian newspapers and magazine between 2012 and 2015. A total number of 20 (twenty) speeches were selected and subjected to illocutionary act analysis (direct and indirect) which brings the total speech acts performed to 40 (forty). The perloctionary effects of the locutions were also measured from the illocutionary force of each utterance. The findings revealed that campaign speeches made prior to the 2015 general elections in Nigeria serve as weapons of intimidation, blackmail, incitement and coercion and thus created an atmosphere of fear and anxiety within the polity. Based on this, the paper recommends enlightenment programmes on the tenets of democracy and good governance for all citizens to protect Nigeria’s nascent democracy.

77-90

Authors: MUKESH KUMAR VISHWAKARMA

ABSTRACT Over the last decades, Afghanistan has faced a complicated array of challenges in the realms of security, development and governance. The United Nations (UN) and its agencies working in the country have had the difficult task of regulating to the changing situation on the ground. The role of the international community in Afghanistan will go through substantial changes in Afghan people and government institutions. The UN has started working in Afghanistan in reconstructing peace building process since Taliban era. After 11 September 2001 attack on America extracted attention of all the countries of the world towards to rebuild Afghanistan for preventing from terrorism threats. This article attempted to analyze the role of the UN agencies for rebuilding peacebuilding process in Afghanistan since the Taliban era. It will also evaluate how much the UN succeeded in restoring peace in Afghanistan.

97-102

Authors: SACHIN KUMAR

ABSTRACT While thinking of how the value of multiculturalism can be translated into a social reality or how should cultures be protected and preserved, Multiculturalists have mostly emphasized on giving institutional protection to cultural minorities in the form of groups differentiated rights and privileges. We argue in this paper that a fuller realization of the value of multiculturalism would require us to move beyond legal and institutional framework and begin to talk of more stable and reliable foundations for a truly multicultural society. multicultural education, with its emphasis on changing people’s attitude, serves as a strong foundation of a democratic society—one in which cultural diversity is not just respected or tolerated but actually celebrated and seen as adding to overall flourishing of life. This paper then seeks to present an outline of what we refer as multicultural education. Before analyzing why societies need to realize the value of multiculturalism to enrich learning experience and what kind of institutional framework can support help realizing that, it is important to make some preliminary remarks about the nature of multiculturalism itself. First of all, it is important to understand that multiculturalism should be conceived both in terms of a value as well as a fact. As a fact, multiculturalism is evident in the multiplicity of cultures in our society. There are multiple cultures in our country that are given recognition by our society and have received legal recognition as well in the form of constitutional protection to the minority cultures. Article 29 and 30 of Indian constitution, for instance, grants cultural and religious minorities rights to establish cultural and educational institutions to preserve their cultures. Multiplicity of cultures is a fact; and this can also be demonstrated by the larger philosophical argument about diversity of human condition. The view that diversity is an essential condition of human existence, and difference thus remains an unavoidable, is advocated by thinkers like Charles Taylor and henna Arendt. This view entails profound implications on the theories of defending multiculturalism. If we agree with the proposition that multiculturalism is a fact of every society, we can then move a step ahead and make a case for multiculturalism as a democratic value.

113-120

Authors: SUMAN RANA

ABSTRACT The following article is going to analysis Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl with a focus on how she reshapes the slave narrative genre (previously defined through male author texts) using seduction and sentimental novel genre, albeit reworked to address race and gender issues. At the same time, she uses motherhood as the lens to analyze gender and race. In this process, she reaffirms and rearticulates legal and cultural discourse of slavery and womanhood to uncover their fictive construction. By this, she on one hand claims the title of both ‘woman’ and ‘mother’ for black female slaves and on the other hand, questions the appropriateness of society’s definition of womanhood.

127-132

Authors: NISHTHA BHARTI

ABSTRACT In the annals of social science scholarship, there is a common tendency to perceive fiction as something belonging to a surreal world, something that has nothing to do with man's more mundane, prosaic efforts of making ends meet and surviving in everyday life. As a counterpoise to such a perception, the primary thrust of this paper will be that as a product of our intellectual and imaginative engagement, fiction tries to encapsulate the anxieties and aspirations at the core of a community’s existence. It serves as an inventive terrain on which the apprehensions of an emergent nation could be voiced and contested. Identifying the interface of literature, psychology and politics, this paper explores the archetypal projection of M. K. Gandhi as the ‘wise old man’ in Raja Rao’s maiden novel, ‘Kanthapura’ (1938). This archetype of the ‘wise old man’ will be identified within the framework of Analytical Psychology as expounded by Carl Jung. The assertion here is that fictional narrative, read through the glasses of analytical psychology, can help us to discover how fiction writers conveyed their message to a society undergoing transformation - in our case an India grappling with contesting political occurrences.

141-150

Authors: PRIYA CHAUDHARY & PROF. R.K SINGH

ABSTRACT Organizational culture is seen as an organization specific system of widely shared values and assumptions that give rise to typical behavior patterns. Organizations as a living entities created by mankind through their artifacts and assumptions have a culture of their own. Therefore, it becomes imperative to understand the dynamics of organizational culture. The paper aims to review the important articles and theories in the field of organizational culture by studying important researches done by great thinkers and academicians. It reviews the cross cultural differences in organizational practices identified in various studies. It studies role of organisational culture as both independent and moderating variable in an organisation. It is seen that organisational culture has an impact on organisational performance and can prove to be a source of competitive advantage if rare, non imitable and valuable culture is sustained by the organisation. But it is important to note that with the advent of globalization and companies crossing border, culture has become extremely fluid in nature. Therefore, organisations must adapt to this rise in new cultural community emerging in global businesses and accept this cross-verging of culture across the globe.

163-168

Authors: GEETIKA SHARMA

ABSTRACT This article substantiates the use of simulated teaching/role play as one of the unique method for teaching of Home Science. Pedagogy of spontaneous and extempore enactment can be used effectively by an able teacher with a pragmatic approach to let people build their own knowledge as per their needs and exigencies. The paper also talks about the advantage injected by involving the children in direct-purposeful experiences and contrived experiences insightfully. It also suggests many advantages of using this technique followed by handful pitfalls which can be managed by a trained teacher tactfully. Learning should bring about a desirable change. Therefore, a teacher should intuitively select the experience to be provided.

183-186

Authors: G.YASHODA & K.PREM KUMAR

ABSTRACT Moral values are foundation of our Indian nations, because of our ancestors are gave more importance to moral values.Tredional and values are more in India than other countries in the world. Right from the Vedic times, Hinduism has given all importance to moral education and socially acceptable behavior of people. Saints like Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda have stressed the significance of moral values in everyone’s life. Swami Vivekananda says “we cannot have a great nation with men of low character. Character is destiny and character is only precious jewel that one can cherish to wear”. Swami Vivekananda gave importance to “man making education”, “nation building education” and “character formation education”. Values are the life blood of a civilized human society. They are the saving grace of an educated man or women. Hence education as the only means of inculcating right values in the heart and soul of the youth. Now a day education system is giving more priority of ranks and sent percentage. So that student does not know what is good and what is bad.

193-198

Authors: RUHEELA HASSAN

ABSTRACT In a democratic country, news is important in framing public opinion. Thus, the role of news media cannot be ignored in any democracy. Earlier the news was disseminated through conventional means of mass communication that include print versions of newspapers, radio and television. However, with the advancement of technology, the news media also got revolutionized. It became more interactive, quick, convergent and inexpensive. Now more news is available in the form of online/web newspapers, e-magazines, and blogs, podcasting/podcasting and news web portals. Besides, social networking sites like Face book, Twitter are also used for news purposes. While this online media is emerging worldwide, it is also gaining popularity in Kashmir especially among the youth. Leading newspapers and magazines of the valley (Greater Kashmir, Rising Kashmir, Kashmir Time, Kashmir Monitor, etc.) have launched their online editions. Different news web portals were launched and face book also gained eminence as news media. During the 2010 uprising in Kashmir, a news website was launched from Kashmir called ‘Kashmir Dispatch’. Within couple of months of its launch when the print editions of the valley newspapers were banned and news on local channels was restricted, this news portal became popular. Since mobile SMSs were also banned in the valley, the use of Face book walls and accounts for the spreading of information on Kashmir increased. The paper will study the emergence of NEW MEDIA as NEWS media in Kashmir with the main focus on ‘Kashmir Dispatch’- a fast emerging news portal from Kashmir. It will also study the usage of Face book by the Kashmiri youth in disseminating information on Kashmir.

205-210

Authors: C.S. SRINIVAS

ABSTRACT Apart from the theme of oppressive nature of Indian joint family system and its morbid shadow on the individual's social and psychological, behaviour, Mahesh Dattani treads another area—human sexuality—both in its natural and so-called unnatural facets, in his play Seven Steps around the Fire. Eunuchs in India generally belong to the hijra community. Hijras are found all over India leading a pathetic life devoid of any social recognition. They are objects of mistrust, ridicule and contempt. Their marginal status is revealed in the very fact that they earn their living by collecting alms and receiving tips for performances given at weddings, births and festivals. They are viewed with suspicion for their ‘unnatural’ behaviour. In the present paper, Dattani examines and makes a threadbare analysis of how despite the fact that human rights are guaranteed for every human being irrespective of class, caste, religion, gender, sexuality, race, language, nationality, ethnicity or political beliefs, human rights of Eunuchs are blatantly violated everywhere in India, forcing many to lead a sub-human existence.