IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature

1-6

Authors: Vinita S Gopalakrishna & Sunaina Bhutani

Pragmatics is inevitable to enhance communication skills. Amongst the elements of pragmatics, Speech Act is the prime requirement. Speech Acts are used every day in daily interactions. To perform suitably, it is used everywhere- making requests, complaining, complimenting and so on. Factors affecting speech acts are the context in which it is spoken, power, presupposition, maxims, implicatures, politeness strategies, deference and social distance of the interlocutor. Along with the attainment of the professional degrees, it is indispensable to enhance speech act competence. This paper discusses the role of Questioning Responding Technique on facilitation of Speech Act Competence and the interpretation is made by comparing the mean scores of speech acts competence of Experimental group with those of the conventional method group. Results revealed that the questioning responding technique is a promising technique used in the Experimental Group classroom and it is a viable pedagogy in developing speech acts.

19-24

Authors: SUMIT KUMAR

The British announced the division of the sub-continent into India and Pakistan in August 1947, and turned it into a diabolical region. This was a path way for wickedness, violence and pure evil to erupt into a powerful mass and soar out of control, consuming everyone who came in its way! Pakistan was preferred by the Muslims and India was preferred by the Sikhs and Hindus, and hence they moved into the respective regions with the prospects of peace and better living. They wanted to live in harmony with their own religious and ethnic identities. The irony was, that the mass scale migration entailed crimes of unprecedented violence, murders, rapes and bestiality. An account of the exact number of people who were victims of the partition trauma is difficult to ascertain, however, its impact can be compared to that of the effects of the Great War on Britain or the Second World War on Japan and France. The effects of the tragedy of the partition encounter gave rise to the fictional explorations in an attempt to define the inner turmoil and the social complexities that plagued the subcontinent thereafter. The Partition of India has been the main theme of the discussions and novels that have been written in India. The novels and articles articulated the inexorable logic of partition as an offshoot of fundamentalism and fanaticism, that were sparked due to the hardening communal attitudes of the religious and ethnic groups. These novels were placed in a new genre of the Partition novel! The novels of this genre, depicted the throes of Partition that relentlessly divided friends and effectively and realistically explained the vulnerability of human understanding and life. The petition was considered as a proven mishap as it led the people to turn to fanaticism in no time throwing away all their sanity! There was no difference between being human and savage if people people kill each other. People ought to have faith in justice and the rule of law. “The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.” The world must be made a better place to live in.

33-36

Authors: ZHANGISINA G.D & AKHMETKALIEV R.K

ABSTRACT The concentration of modern technical means of teaching contributes to the modernization of the educational process, activates the thinking activity of students, promotes the development of creativity of teachers, allows for distance learning, and develops a system of continuous education, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the educational process. In domestic and foreign editions, the computerization of the educational process is regarded as one of the actual factors in the organization of instruction in this or that subject. The new information technologies in teaching make it possible to use the scientific and educational potential of leading universities and institutes more actively, attract the best teachers to create distance learning courses, and expand the audience of trainees. Despite the fact that there is already a wealth of experience in the field of computer training, many teachers are wary of the possibility of using computer-based training tools. Also, it should be noted that the computerization of learning process faces a number of problems. The process of implementing information technology in training is complex enough and requires deep reflection. On the one hand, they play an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of the educational process, on the other - there may be a problem of the pace of learning with the students of the material using a computer, that is, the problem of possible individualization of learning.

41-46

Authors: MARYAM KAYDANI

ABSTRACT Nowadays, in the shadow of developed science in the world, marine insurance holding a leading position in the economy of countries. A variety of economic activities and increase in the number of deals between countries, causes developing services and industries related to insurance especially marine insurance. It isworthmentioning that the most transactions are done by concentrating on the marine insurance transportation. The shipment damages have serious effects on society, as such insurance is essential. Marine insurance has several elements, but here the proper concentration is on General Average. General Average history goes back to the ancient time. It promotes the ownership and the merchants who involved in peril of the sea, this paper has the aim of demonstrating whysailors voluntary throwing out the goods in the sea without any force. Further, the paper discusses how General Average is jettison insured by the insurance company while the other losses are not covered by General Average by the insurer. To add, to show how the General Average prevents extra damages through insurance in the peril of the sea is threatenedcaptain, owner of the ship and merchants who contribute in shipping and how salvage charges occur by General Average.

55-60

Authors: CHAANDREYI MUKHERJEE

ABSTRACT The short stories of Raymond Carver, an essentially underrated writer, chart a forgotten yet significant trajectory of American fiction. Understanding Carver is recognizing the elementary struggles of a lower middle class American family and the sheer determination to succeed in the creative world. His short stories are flashes of immediacy bringing home the ideas of penury, listlessness, failure of communication, unemployment and physical and emotional tragedy. Reflecting the harrowingly mundane or absurdly chaotic other side of the global superpower America, Carver’s short fiction is often associated with the term “dirty realism”. It should be further noted that the features corresponding to this particular term such as literary minimalism, colloquialism of language, lack of psychological introspection in characters were denounced as superficial and non-literary by the critics. In a nation dominated by literary giants like Toni Morrison, Saul Bellow and others, Carver’s unembellished prose portray a stark reference point to contemporary reality. Through my paper I would like to evaluate the dominant themes as well as the plethora of interesting characters which he creates in his short stories.

73-80

Authors: MUBASHIR KARIM

ABSTRACT It won’t be an understatement to claim that American Literature reached its fruition in the post-war era. After the two wars, the range of themes in American literature, particularly fiction, showed a significant increase. The writers not only criticized the political and economic atmosphere of the country, but were painfully aware of the disturbing issues like racism and gender inequality. While the fiction of postwar America is usually replete with the names of literary giants like like Don Delilah, Donald Barthelme, Thomas Pynchon, William Burroughs, John Barth, Vladimir Nabokov, Toni Morrison, Joseph Heller, the one writer whose work is equally commendable but rather ignored or shooed away by the ‘mainstream literary groups’ is Charles Bukowski. While Bukowski is usually remembered as a poet, his fictional meanderings within the American landscapes provide the readers with a view of America hasn't predominantly found in any writer of his time. Bukowski fiction, through the image of his alter-ego character, shows the real underbelly of American life. With the incorporation of drug addicts, whores, thieves, menial jobs and an unhinged desperation to live the day, Bukowski not only enlarges the space of the novel, but also extends the scope for readers to look closely at the American life once the orgy of war is over. My paper tries to look at this and other themes like anxiety, paranoia, and loneliness among other through the novels of Charles Bukowski. It also tries to interrogate whether the term ‘Dirty Realism’, often associated with Bukowski, is an adequate term to refer to the flux of themes that bus. kowski presents through his fiction.