International Journal of Social Sciences and Management

191-197

Authors: Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Mohammad Rafiul Azam Khan

The paper aimed at investigating the existing status and the impact of giving promotion on women’s position in the banking industry. The stud was used purposive sampling on 250 employees serving the public, private and specialized banks. Normal frequency distribution as well as inferential statistics (χ2-test) was applied to analyze data. For examining the effect of the number of promotion received by employees on gender position they hold chi-square test statistic was used. The study reveals that there was 85% of male and 15% of female employees worked in the banking industry. It was observed that female employees worked 16.7% of state-owned commercial (SOBs), 13.5% of private commercial (PCBs), and 13.08% of specialized (SPBs) banks (shown in Table 5). Consequently, a few numbers of female employees were at the senior level. The entry level female employees were 25% of female observed. The study also found that there was a strong association between the women’s position and the number of promotion they up gradated. The study has suggested for managerial as well as policy implications the study suggested for further study to treat equally sustaining in the competitive field of financial institutions.

202-213

Authors: Bakhat Bahadur Khadka, Hridesh Sharma, Ananta Prakash Subedi, Shiva Chandra Dhakal

A total of 120 sample households were randomly selected from two municipalities of Surkhet for this study. The primary data were collected by survey questionnaire, direct observation, FGD whereas secondary data of rainfall temperature and rice productivity were collected from different sources. Majority of farmers perceived increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall frequency, decrease in rainfall duration and increase in flooding hazard during rainy season. Trends analysis of temperature and rainfall data over 35 years (1980-2015) showed, increasing trends of maximum temperature (0.06oC/year) and minimum temperature (0.03oC/year) which were in the line with the farmer's perception. Trend analysis revealed that total annual precipitation was decreasing by 3.77 mm/year while monsoon rainfall was increasing by 0.051 mm/year. About 20% respondents had clear knowledge on climate change. The major source of information was media (43.43%) and self-experiences (36.3%). The major climate change adaptation practices adopted by farmers were use of drought resistant varieties, flood resistant varieties, use of electric water pump, and use of local irrigation channel. The study showed that only 39.17% of the respondents know about crop insurance policy and only 6.66% of the total respondents done crop insurance on different crop. The regression analysis showed that rainfall and average maximum temperature has positive effect on yield and production. The study showed that farmers were positive to adapt climate change adaptation strategies. So, government and policy makers should focus on climate resilient adaptation strategies formulation for rice cultivation through intensive research and extension package.

218-223

Authors: Salwana Shamaun, Humaira Siddique, Junaid Subhani, Ali Waqas, . Kalsoom

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy and the factors associated with it. Although the whole world has recognized the violence against women is a serious risk to the health and development of the whole country. Butt still, it exists in almost all parts of the world. It is found more prevalent in developing countries as compared to the developed countries. This aspect signifies the socioeconomic aspect of the country. This study was performed by random sampling in gynae units of Jinnah hospital Lahore. Total 100 women were given the questionnaire and collected through the help of department’s personnel. The results revealed the predominance of factors that cause and aggravate the violence against women during pregnancy.

234-241

Authors: Nabin Pandey, Swodesh Rijal, Himal Adhikari, Binod Bhantana, Madhusudhan Adhikhari

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important agricultural commodity in the world. A study was conducted for comparative analysis of demographic, economics assessment, and determinants of carrot production between ward no. 11 and ward no. 15 of the Bharatpur metropolitan of Chitwan district. Altogether 80 carrot growers, 40 from ward no. 11 and 40 from ward no. 15 of Bharatpur metropolitan were randomly selected. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary information from randomly selected farmers. Carrot growers were interviewed using face to face method in November 2019. Moreover, Two Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and two Key Informant Interviews (KII) were performed. All the data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Statistics 20) and Microsoft Excel (Ms-2013) and analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, and Stata. In the majority of respondents, Poultry manure cost (37.16%) occupied the major portion of the cost of production followed by seed cost (30.18%). The average gross margin per kattha for carrot production found NRs. 4726.62 and the Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was 1.50. The probability of cultivation of carrot on large scale was found to be 31.12% higher for the male gender of household head and 27% higher for the schooling of the household head. Farmers use the Nepa Drim, F1 variety which incurred higher cost in the seed. Splitting (26.25%) was identified as the most critical problem followed by cracking (21.15%) in the cultivation of carrot. It is recommended that the farmers involved in carrot farming in the study sites should be provided with Subsidy on seed, proper solution of physiological disorder problems and proper technical knowledge for optimizing the use of resources would help to increase the profit of carrot production in the Chitwan district of Nepal.

248-255

Authors: Anupama Dhakal, Utsab Bhattarai

Our assumption was that the money disbursed in the form of Old Age Allowance (OAA) in Nepal should have helped in lessening at least some of the financial burdens of its recipients while also enriching their social status and honor as senior citizens. With this assumption and the limitations of time and money, Ward Number 33 of Kathmandu District was selected as our study site. The objective of this study to explore and identify key implications of OAA specifically on the aspects of social and economic life of elderlies. The findings of this study are the outcomes of the analysis of data obtained through fifty face to face household surveys and direct observation of the first author during the fieldwork of five months in 2013. The study results revealed moderate implications of OAA on economic as well as social life of elderlies, however with greater insinuations for the earlier facet compared to later. Participants deemed a significant increment in the amount of OAA for its better outcomes. The value of OAA in 2013 was Nepalese Rupees (Nrs.) 500 which was considered very nominal by all participants. Most of the participants argued that the senior citizens in Nepal should also receive decent discounts/concessions at least on all modes of public transportation as well as health facilities. We strongly recommend that the ministries of Nepal, chiefly, Finance; Women, Children and Senior Citizens; and Federal Affairs and General Administration, including their line agencies must undertake timely reviews and rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness of OAA in compliance with the principles of social security system to ensure social security benefits of the senior citizens of the country.