Journal of Research on Trade, Management and Economic Development

7-22

Authors: Ion VERBONCU, Luise ZEININGER

The economic, commercial and managerial success of an organization depends, to a great extent, on the professionalism of the managers who lead and manage it. We can not speak of an efficient management without professional managers. On one hand, they know management, as in have sufficient knowledge, skills and aptitudes to conduct management processes and to ensure favorable conditions for the proper functioning of the management system and its components and, on the other hand, are able to use the official authority of their positions and their personal authority, reflected by the elements mentioned above. Are the managers of Romanian organizations - private enterprises, public enterprises or public institutions - professionals? If the answer is negative, what steps should be taken to reach this stage? If the answer is pozitive, how do they manifest themselves in an increasingly difficult contextual environment and what is the impact of their performance on the quality and efficiency of management? Here are some possible answers to which we will try to add specialized comments. The prerequisite of our approach is that management is one of the most important - if not the most important - factors of sustainable development of an organization, as far as it is professionally practiced, by competent people.

34-47

Authors: Tudor MALECA

To fully satisfy the needs of consumers and the demand of buyers for wine, it is necessary to ensure a permanent concordance between the structure of commercial assortment of wines and buyers’ demand structure. This concordance can only be achieved within the complex system of management of commercial assortment of consumer goods, including wines, which supposes a practicable hierarchical classification of consumer goods, including grape wine. The multiple changes made in the last years in the legislative and normative-technical regulations in force in the Republic of Moldova, have disordered the classification of grape wines. Investigations are directed towards systematizing and updating the hierarchical classification of grape wines in the context of modifications in national normative-technical legislation and regulations in the field of grape wines. As a result of investigations carried out it was developed and is presented, including schematically, in the given work hierarchical classification of grape wines, which includes 10 levels (in descent: class, subclass, section, category, subcategory, group, subgroup, type, subtype, variety).

67-79

Authors: Svetlana FEDORCIUCOVA, Valentina CALMÂȘ, Mariana DAMASCHIN

One of the major branches of the agri-food sector in the Republic of Moldova is the dairy industry. This sector has a particular strategic importance in ensuring the food security of the country with different categories of dairy products. The importance of dairy products in human food is indisputable. These products are some of the most important sources of animal protein with high biological value. Therefore, the dairy industry must provide the population with high-quality dairy products, but also in adequate quantities. Currently in the country, the average annual milk consumption is 15% lower compared to the need to ensure the calculated physiological consumption. The aim of the paper is to study the current problems related to the production and consumption of dairy products and investigation of their quality. The research is done using the methods of comparative analysis, correlation, analogy, induction and deduction, expertise, etc. As a result, the situation of the production and external trade of dairy products has been studied. Statistical surveys show that the dynamics of total milk production during the years 2010-2016 is decreasing. At the same time, the production of powdered milk, some types of cheese and butter was increasing. During the period 2013-2016, the Republic of Moldova imported a total quantity of 87.6 thousand tons of dairy products. Almost half of them are milk, followed by cheese, concentrated/powdered milk and yogurt. The dynamics of dairy exports is positive, with a growth trend recorded in recent years. The results of research regarding the quality and falsification of butter sold in the consumer market of the Republic of Moldova demonstrate the inconsistency of certain types of this product with the established requirements.

89-97

Authors: Cristina UNGUR

The organization of business in cluster form represents a possibility for economic development based on innovation. Cluster system has a consistent contribution to the modernization of the economy by increasing the competitiveness of products, services and labor. This research starts from the hypothesis that knowledge of cluster creation and development phases contributes to the efficient organization of cluster management and to the enhancement of economic effects of cluster activity. The research issue is to determine the algorithm of cluster initiation and to establish the principles of its organization. The study is based on the Michael Porter's theory of competitive advantage and on the concept of regional economy promoted by Walter Isard. The scientific methods used in this article are: logical analysis, bibliographic research, and indirect observation that fit this study in the positivist epistemological approach. As a result, the mechanism for the initiation of cluster in the Republic of Moldova has been developed and the organizational principles valid for the development of the cluster activity have been established.

109-116

Authors: Cláudia Helena N. HENRIQUES

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of Measuring Competitiveness in Tourism and to understand some of the linkages between tourism competitiveness and sustainability. The study is based on the conceptual frameworks of relevant domains and indicators of competitiveness and sustainability and the interconnections between them. It outlines some important tools of tourism competitiveness measurement and sustainability. Two observatories aimed at the improvement of sustainability are considered, namely the UNWTO International Network of Sustainable Tourism Observatories (INSTO) and the Virtual Tourism Observatory (VTO). Their analyse shows that they the two observatories have an important role for setting policies that encompass an integrated vision of sustainable planning and management.

129-138

Authors: Veronica PRISACARU, Alina CARADJA

This paper consists of two parts: a research synthesis on the conceptual approaches to the beneficiaries of higher education institutions, their importance and collaboration requirements; an empirical study highlighting and analyzing the activities related to the communication with the business environment representatives carried out by the State Agrarian University of Moldova in the period 2013-2017. As a result of the performed investigation, a series of arguments regarding the role of communication with the business environment representatives were formulated in order to increase the impact of higher agricultural education on the sustainable development of the rural areas. Also, the problems faced by the State Agrarian University of Moldova in the communication with the business environment representatives were identified and solutions for the respective problems were proposed.

7-28

Authors: Simion MORARU, Irina RAEVSKAIA, Victoria MORARU

Competition, in general, is a rivalry (driven by economic means of the economic freedom) between competitors to seize markets for the sale of goods, services, and purchases of factors of production (by removing the rivals). The competitors’ rivalry is caused by the fact that they all want the same result and the market resources at each period are limited. Competition is one of the objective conditions necessary to ensure an adequate development of technical and economic progress, of the prosperity of the population. The market and stigma competition with destructive force for some competitors ultimately ensures a general balance by creating a system of interdependence of the economic sectors so that any activity in a certain sector is correlated with activities in the other sectors. Disparities, with some state interventions, ensure a proportional distribution of resources, motivate producers to invest in performing technologies, in human capital, which through creativity ensures a high productivity, efficiency and excellent product quality. Businesses that have achieved such results provide a long-lasting high revenue. Competitiveness is the ability of a manufacturer to successfully pass the competitive test on the domestic as well as the external market, ensuring a superior revenue from production factors’ capitalization. The significance of this market economy is binomial: competition and competitiveness are growing in the context of deepening the processes of globalization of the world economy at the current stage. The purpose of this article is to study and generalize the European legal basis and competition policy. The European experience of over 60 years in this field, and especially, the economic results are of particular interest to the transition economy of the Republic of Moldova.

54-62

Authors: Sofiіa KAFKA

Along with the classical approach to understanding the meaning of such economic category as depreciation, we have considered the issues if the amortization is the source of the fixed assets renewal. For the purposes of the study we used methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic approach - to study the processes of working capital enterprises, logical method and simulation - to systematize information security of these processes. Results of investigations to determine the characteristics of the economic substance of depreciation established: depreciation is a compensation of working capital, which at one time was removed from circulation for the purchase of fixed assets, so you cannot treat depreciation as a source of investment in fixed assets. The source of the formation of the working capital of own funds is certainly profits and depreciation - only if profitable economic activity. So when it comes to sources of funding something, including the acquisition (creation) of fixed assets, only the working capital can be the source that’s why it is important to use them efficiently and the conditions of the limited resources. The practical significance is to develop scientifically based recommendations on formation and sources of working capital enterprises and reproduction of fixed assets, which provide methodological support to forming the depreciation policy of enterprises

72-78

Authors: Elena GRAUR, Irina COSNICEAN, Tatiana BARAN

Human potential was and is among the most valuable resources that each organization has, and also one of the decisive resources for an efficient business activity and its evolution in performance. All management functions are performed by people while success or failure of the management activity depends on acquiring the art of working with people. When the top managers succeed to harness the potential of the employees so that they become not subordinates but teammates in the future activities of the organization, we can already speak about highly qualified professionals who generate sustainable development of the employing company. The research will mainly focus on the comparative study of approaches practiced in European countries along with co-operative enterprises from our country, researching the training level and theoretical-practical training provided by authorized institutions in these domains.

89-94

Authors: Iulia VICOL

In this paper, the author sets forth the stages of development of concepts regarding employment by analyzing the opinions of the representatives of various economic theories. This analysis would allow the avoidance of many mistakes and negative factors affecting the regulation of employment. Employment is considered a complicated socio-economic problem that interacts with numerous societal factors such as job creation, employment of the active population, education, professional requalification of the unemployed, the rise in the standard of living of the population, and others. The trends that are happening in the sphere of employment determine not only the economic development of the state, but also the welfare of the population.