Homosporticus

4 (4-7)

Authors: Sadeta Šečić, Anela Hardaga-Muzurović

Introduction: Engaging in sports is crucial for maintaining and enhancing the health of both children and adults. However, it can also be a cause of injuries with temporary or permanent consequences. The primary causes of sports injuries are mechanical forces acting during intense physical exertion. A significant number of sports injuries involve the stomatognathic system, often occurring suddenly and unexpectedly, accompanied by pain and bleeding. The complexity of injuries depends on the type of sport, the athlete's age, and the force's strength, leading to serious aesthetic, functional, psychological, and economic consequences for the injured. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to highlight the significant role of sports in physical and mental health, while also addressing potential injuries that may occur during sports activities, with a particular focus on dental and surrounding tissue injuries. The study emphasizes the importance of preventing traumatic and non-traumatic damage to dental tissues and surrounding structures through the mandatory use of sports mouthguards. Methods: This review article focuses on enriching knowledge about dental traumas caused by sports injuries, their prevention, and trends in the therapy of dentoalveolar traumas. Results: In this work, the authors aimed to briefly summarize, analyze, and present the latest available information from contemporary literature dealing with dentoalveolar traumas, including their causes, diagnosis, and treatment, while emphasizing the importance of prevention. Conclusion: Sports injuries, with a specific emphasis on injuries to the stomatognathic system, whether occurring in recreational or competitive sports, require a serious approach in terms of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. The education of sports professionals, coaches, sports doctors, parents, and athletes themselves on providing first aid for the occurrence of dentoalveolar traumas is of great importance.

5 (24-28)

Authors: Ratko Zlatičanin, Amila Jaganjac, Amila Kapetanović, Bojan Kraljević, Adela Erović Vranešić and Amna Vefić

Introduction: A bone fracture is a break in the continuity of bone tissue, caused by the action of an external or internal force on the bone. Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries among athletes. Physically active people who participate in activities that require jumping, changing direction, and turning have an increased risk of ankle sprains. Ankle sprains and the repetitive trauma often associated with this condition can lead to long-term disability, lost time from activity, and financial burdens for athletes. Methods: The work is non-experimental (qualitative research), i.e. a review of scientific literature. The search included an overview of the relevant databases: Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate. The literature review includes 4 randomized clinical trials and 1 randomized single-blind trial. The mentioned databases were searched with the help of keywords: athletes, injury, ankle joint, rehabilitation. Results: Through a scientific review of the literature, the results of the significance and productivity of the application of rehabilitation in athletes with an ankle injury are presented. The results include the presentation and analysis of five published scientific papers in the period 2018-2020. The studies used for this review were published in India, Saudi Arabia, Iran, United States, Austria. Conclusion: By reviewing the scientific literature, it can be concluded that there are improvements in the quality of life of athletes after an ankle injury. The greatest improvements were noted in strength, balance and functional task performance. The application of the rehabilitation program plays an important role in reducing pain and stabilizing the knee joint.

6 (8-13)

Authors: Samir Bojičić, Amila Jaganjac, Bakir Katana, Adela Erović Vranešić, Eldad Kaljić, Hadžan Konjo, Namik Trtak and Tanja Umičević

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is an injury that occurs in both sexes and in the population of all ages. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a very strong internal ligament of the knee, whose injuries occur frequently in athletes (professional and recreational) and after which the recovery is very long and complicated. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a standardized rehabilitation program after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction based on the time required for rehabilitation in athletes and recreational athletes. Methods: Research is designed as prospective study. The research was conducted in Polyclinic FM Sarajevo over a period of 10 months, starting in June 2018 and ending in March 2019. The collection of data required for the study was carried out using a form prepared for the analysis of patients included in the study. Results: Thirty-six people participated in the study, divided into two groups. In the first group, 52.8% belonged to recreational athletes, while in the second group, 47.2% belonged to athletes. At the end of the study, the flexion value in both studied groups was 120º. At the end of the study, the percentage of subjects with correct extension of the injured limb was 94.7% of recreational athletes and 64.7% of athletes. Of the total number of respondents included in this study, 33% were soccer players, 14% were basketball players, and 53% were recreational athletes. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it was confirmed that early rehabilitation after the established rehabilitation treatment program is shorter in recreational athletes than in professional athletes.

5 (13-17)

Authors: Dženan Šuta, Damir Đedović and Adi Palić

This research has the character of a transversal study with the aim of analyzing and determining the correlations of the latent dimensions of respondents who perform the functions of operational managers in sports associations from the area of West Herzegovina County. The results of this research showed that 10 isolated factors were extracted using the method of principal components for operational managers, which exhaust 90.2% of the common valid variance. In the matrix of the main organizational components in sports organizations of operational managers, the unrotated factor weights of each of the ten isolated components are presented. By analyzing the structure of the variables, we see that ten isolated factors were singled out, each of which in its own way explains and hypothetically covers certain areas that are interesting for this research. It can be seen that all ten isolated factors are dominated by variables and answers that hypothetically cover the work area and the authority of the lowest level of management, and that the main focus of the respondents is on the authority of the operational manager.

7 (34-40)

Authors: Mirza Zahirović, Haris Alić, Nedim Čović, Mirza Ibrahimović, Munir Talović, Eldin Jelešković, Amel Mekić and Damira Vranešić – Hadžimehmedović

The research aimed to determine the training effects on speed potential of young football players by designed training program. Twelve (12) variables were measured, of which three (3) refer to the morphological part, while nine (9) refer to speed and agility tests. It was also assumed that there would be progress in the speed potential and agility of young footballers in favor of the EG, as well as progress in the specific technique. Sample included 33 young football players (Mean ± SD: 8.59 ± 0.69 years of age; body weight 32.12 ± 4.74 kg; height 135.29 ± 5.34 cm; and BMI 17.32 ± 1.76) divided in experimental group (EG) n=18 and control group (CG) n= 15. Greater statistical differences were noticeable in the EG, i.e. progress in the sprint variables at 5 and 10 meters (p<0.05), while in the CG there was none evident deterioration of the results compared to the initial values. Likewise, all variables, except for the 20-meter sprint and the 505 right leg agility test, had some improvement from baseline, but without statistical significance. Short term additional training programme lasting 4 weeks led to increase in speed quality improvement at 5 and 10 m in young football players. Results were in line with previous results.

10 (18-27)

Authors: Adela Erović Vranešić, Amra Mačak Hadžiomerović, Almedina Hajrović Radoović, Ratko Zlatičanin, Amna Vefić and Fahira Imamović

Introduction: Neck pain is a very complex and important public health problem in our modern societies. Any structure of the neck, such as intervertebral discs, ligaments, muscles, facet joints, and nerve roots, can represent the source of pain. In epidemiological studies evaluating the general population, the one-year incidence of neck pain can be as high as 40%. Because of the tendency for neck pain to become a chronic problem, it is important to identify risk factors that could promote prevention and early diagnosis. Methods: The paper is a non-experimental (qualitative) research or a scientific literature review. For the purposes of this work, a search was conducted of the relevant databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Med-Line. The listed databases were searched using the keywords "neck pain", "frequency of neck pain", "risk factors", "children and adolescents”. Results: The results include a presentation and analysis of thirteen published scientific articles in the period 2014-2020. The studies used for this paper were published in Sweden, Lebanon, Brazil, Thailand, Tunisia, Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Norway, Germany, and Australia. Conclusion: By reviewing the scientific literature, it can be concluded that there is an increased frequency of risk factors for neck pain in children and adolescents. The most common risk factors are female gender, flexed head position, use of mobile and other devices, insufficient physical activity, ergonomic factors, psychological and social factors.

4 (51-54)

Authors: Mensur Vrcić, Ratko Pavlović, Erol Kovačević, Sid Solaković, Lejla Šebić and Amel Mekić

The aim of this paper was to establish changes in motor abilities in students of Faculty of Sport and Physical Education under the influence of regular sport class activities. Students of first year realized lessons of three subjects: Athletics, Anthropometrics and Judo with two block lessons per week of practical lessons for each subject. Efficiency of changes in motor exercising on development of basic-motor skills was evaluated after 15 weeks. Results of the study, obtained by Discriminative analysis on multi-variant level, showed that statically significant changes occurred (p=.003). changes of basic- motor skills of students were determined on univariant level, as well, by T-test for dependent samples. Statistically significant changes in all three tests, that evaluate area of repetitive strength- raising torso on Swedish bench MDTK with significance p<.000, Pull-ups MZGN p=.011 and Squads with 30% of body weight MCUO p=.002, in one test of explosive strength; Five standing jump, MTPS p=.018 and in two tests, which evaluate psycho-motor agility; Envelope test MKOT p=.007 and test Eight with bending MOSS p=.004, occurred. Complex program of teaching in subjects: Athletics, Anthropometrics and Judo lead to changes in tests of repetitive strength, agility and one test, which evaluates explosive strength, with its adaptable potential. It is assumed that teaching contents can influence on changes of basic-motor skills in students of other faculties.

6 (45-50)

Authors: Amin Efendić

The work is of a professional nature based on research of current trends in football. In my work, my desire is to bring these trends closer to all those who love football and training. I sincerely hope that this paper will contribute to football theory and practice and that it will be useful. Coaches often do not have a lot of time to prepare for matches amid numerous obligations - some competitive, s ome sponsoring, and they are looking for programs that will make their work easier and bring the much-desired result. Today, the term situational training is very popular, under which we want to emphasize the specificity of training in relation to activity. Due to their specific character, games on a shortened space or as the literature says small side games (SSG) in football are often used as a training tool to improve the technical and tactical performance, as well as the fitness abilities of football players. The impact of games on a shortened space on fitness depends on a large number of organizational and methodical factors. Therefore, it is extremely important for coaches to anowing the chronic effects of training games in a shortened space will allow soccer coaches to design fitness programs more precisely.

8 (10-17)

Authors: Amna Vefić, Šebić Lejla, Haris Ali2 and Edin Kukavica

Introduction: The aim of this paper was to synthesize information about health lifestyles of students, in order to have better understanding of improvement of prevention of health of students. Study aim was to evaluate lifestyles of students in the following dimensions: eating habits, physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol. Methods: We made references of reviews in electronic data base. Three data bases were reviewed: Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, SciElo Ciration Index for observational studies, which treat healthy lifestyles of students. Quality synthesis and PRISMA directions for reports are conducted. Results: 154 potentially acceptable articles were identified 11 studies are included in the final analysis. The most relevant data were with students who have the highest presence of positive attitudes towards healthy lifestyles, but it is not conducted in practice in that amount, as it is in theory. Conclusions: Healthy lifestyles suggest possible synergy between human health and sustainability in motivation for health goals. According to many authors, it can be concluded that students don’t have good eating habits, in general. They eat misbalanced food rich with calories. Also, they have zero of physical activities, having in mind that good diet and working out are beneficial for the health.

9 (37-44)

Authors: Šemso Ormanović, Haris Alić, Munir Talović, Eldin Jelešković, Alen Ćirić, Nermin Salkanović and Arnel Kalušić

The term “conflict” usually has negative connotations. However, the conflict in non-violent environment can be driving force for positive social changes. Sources of conflicts explain place or character (temper) with which or out of which conflict occurs, while the cause explains conditions, which enable development of conflict and problem. Causes of conflict can be classified within structural and personal factor. Structural factor includes common resources, differences in goals, organizational ambiguity etc. Personal factor includes skills, character, values, communication barriers, cultural differences etc. In order to define conflict, there are theoretic models of conflict such as Pondi’s mode, which synthesized relations between structural and personal factors – causes of conflict, conflict processes and conflict outcomes, treated as elements of conflict. Conflicts in organizations start with causes of conflicts and consequences of conflict depend whether causes of conflict are eliminated at the pleasure of all sides or causes are not eliminated. In the first case, conflict has positive outcome (functional conflict) and negative outcome, in the second case (destructive conflict).

3 (11-13)

Authors: Dragan Bacovic, Rasim Lakota and Pavle Malovic

Flat foot is a very common deformity in the population of primary school children. The neglect of physical activity caused by the modern way of life is highly correspondent with the increase in the presence of this deformity. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of foot deformities among children of the first cycle of primary school. This research includes a sample of 120 children, divided into two subsamples: 60 male, and 60 female children, of the first cycle of „Milija Nikčević“ primary school in Niksic. Considering obtained results can be said that 42 children (71% male and 29% female) have a flat foot (pes planus). By analyzing the data it is confirmed that 35% of the sample has flat feet and the rest of the children have a hollow feet or normal feet. Regarding the above mentioned can be concluded that children should be subjected to preventive measures by lecturers and parents in order to prevent the development or appearance of the same deformities of children in this and older age.

5 (14-18)

Authors: Stjepan Skoko, Damir Đedović and Damira Vranešić Hadžimehmedović

This research has the character of a transversal study with the aim of analyzing and determining the correlations of latent dimensions of respondents who perform the functions of top managers in sports clubs in the West Herzegovina County. As top-level managers in sports organizations, they monitor and perform all processes in business and sports functions, analyze them, and make appropriate decisions based on the analysis. The results of this research showed that the method of main components in the top managers from sports clubs from the West Herzegovina County extracted 10 isolated factors, which exhaust 76.1% of the total valid variance. Orthogonal projections of vectors of manifest variables on vectors of latent dimensions are presented in the structure matrix. By analyzing the structure of variables, we see that ten isolated factors have been singled out, each of which in its own way explains and hypothetically covers certain areas that are interesting for this research. It is evident that all ten isolated factors are dominated by variables and answers that hypothetically cover the work space and competencies of top management, and that the basic focus of the respondents is on the organizational factors of the club to which they belong.

6 (19-24)

Authors: Nikola Utvić, Ljubiša Lilić, Viney Prakash Dubey, Miloš Nikolić and Marko Aleksandrović

Physical education classes have been based on motoric activity of students, by which particular assignments of classes have been achieved. The objective of research has been to examine the effects of experimental program of goal ball, implemented at classes of physical education, on promoting motoric abilities and physical status in school age boys. 34 elementary school boys, aged 11 and 12 years. Experimental group (EG) has consisted of 18 students, while control group has been made of 16 students of the fifth class of elementary school. Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance for determining the effects of experimental program has been used MANCOVA and ANCOVA. Experimental program has shown statistically significant result in the strength of fist muscle, measured by dynamometer. Statistically significant changes have been achieved at body mass index, percent body fat and body fat mass. The purpose of this scientific study reflects in the increase of a level of information during comparison of various program of physical education classes. The results obtained can be helpful during planning of transformational processes when it comes to physical status in the framework of upgrading of curriculum Plan and program.

6 (35-40)

Authors: Eldin Jelešković, Zana Bujak, Šemso Ormanović, Munir Talović, Haris Alić, Damira Vranešić- Hadžimehmedović, Alen Ćirić and Nedim Čović

The aim of this paper is to determine structure of factors of organizational efficiency in state vocational federations and to evaluate structure of components of belonging variables for analyzing factors of sport organizational efficiency of state vocational sport federations of B&H. Sample subjects were 36 state sport vocational federations, which are members of Olympic committee of B&H, and 36 representatives of administrative expert bodies of those federations, vocational federations. Sample is made of 8 components and 60 variables, in total. Criteria variables for evaluation of sport organization efficiency are modified according to Hossein Eydi (2013), 8 components: Flexibility, Resources, Planning, Productivity, Information Accessibility, Stability, Cohesive/Joined Work Force, Vocational work force. Research Data are collected by a survey. Normality of distribution of data is tested by Kolmogorov/ Smirnov test, while reliability of measure scale of researched variables is evaluated by Cronbach alpha coefficient. Keiser-Mayer-Olkin and Bartlett test of sphericity confirmed marginal level of benefits of correlation of matrix for conducting factory analysis. Factor analysis, method of main components and Varimax rotation led to the number of structure factor, which determined level of organizational efficiency of state sport vocational federations. Gutman-Kaiser criterion was used for selection number of main components. Keiser-Guttman criterion obtained 86,91% of common variance, which can be explained by 11 isolated factors, (table 1) of samples of sport organizational and vocational sport federations of B&H, respectively. Individual contribution in explaining common variance after Varimax rotation for the first component was 21,70%, F1 Management of processes with compliance of strategic and organizational goals and plans, for the second 13,35%, F2 Quality of intern and extern communication, for the third 9,08%, F3 Financial management in sport organizations, for the fourth 8,34%, F4 Efficiency in performance of decisions made in sport organizations, for the fifth 7,12%, F5 Factor of rewarding, for the sixth 5.81% F6 Competences and efficiency of management, for the seventh 5,60%, F7 Increase of work force, for the eighth 5,47%, F8 Efficiency of attracting the audience, for the ninth 4,18%, F9 Factor of sponsorship, for the tenth 3,97%, F10 Adequacy of sport facilities and the eleventh 2,24% F11 Adequacy of compensation and rewarding system for coaches. Organizational efficiency is maybe the most critical dependent variable in all organizational analysis and almost all organization theories include the term efficiency. Organizational efficiency is multidimensional construct; therefore, it is impossible to disregard factors of management. They are expressed differently, depending on direction of the research. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze those points, in order to ensure efficient usage of human resources, through development of strategic activities for issues regarding management of human resources.

4 (15-18)

Authors: Antonela Karmen Ivišić, Šime Veršić, Nikola Foretić and Sunčica Delaš

Artistic gymnastics belongs to the branch of aesthetically designed sports whose technically complex movements are repeating in acyclic order on gymnastic devices. Complex and often associated motor movements are manifested through numerous gymnastic elements such as jumps, rotations and turns, while the emphasis is on maintaining a controlled and balanced body position. Furthermore, deficiency of standardized sport-specific test represents a problem in balance testing in sports generally. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine and validate a newly-constructed gymnastic balance test that will be applicable in the assessment of balance in sport gymnastic. The sample of respondents in this study were female students (N = 22) of the second year of undergraduate university study of Kinesiology in Split, aged 19 to 23 years, and with the different sports orientations. Two samples of variables were observed. Body weight and height, body mass index, leg length, foot length and foot width as anthropometric measures, and in domain of motoric abilities, ankle mobility, postural stability test on Biodex Balance System and newly constructed sport-specific balance test. Results showed that anthropometric variables have negative impact on balance performance. This impact showed to be bigger on the generic, laboratory balance test, then on the sport-specific test. Finally, there is no association between mobility and observed balance tests. Future studies should be directed towards validation of reliable sport-specific balance tests.

4 (22-25)

Authors: Šteković Kristina and Strukar Stjepan

The goal of this research is to determine direction in which these results are heading for both, women and men, in throwing events in Croatia, as well as to recognize the possible factors which have influenced the defined direction in analyzed results. The sample of examines includes all Croatian hammer throwers (N=130) who were ranked in the top 10 in season standings from 2008 to 2020. Research variables were results of male and female hammer throwers. Polynomial regression analysis of 2nd and 3rd degree was used as a primary statistic method to define development direction and result prediction. Development directions of results differ based on gender. Development trends of results in men follow negative direction, while in women they follow positive direction. Prognosis of women indicates high-level results where the best seasonal result reaches entry standard for World Athletics Championships in Oregon 2022 (≤72,50m). Average score prognosis of the first 3 seasonal results were close to national entry standard for athletes II. category (≤69,00m), while average score prognosis of the first 10 results were close to entry standard for athletes III. category (≤57,00m). Prognosis of men show very low value where the best seasonal result was at III. category level. Possible positive effect factors on results: quality coaching based on scientific methods. Possible negative effect factors on results: young throwers population, inadequate investing in hammer throw event or non-existing national role model who would encourage young athletes to start hammer throw training.

5 (25-30)

Authors: Katanic Borko, Zovko Ivana Cerkez, Bjelica Dusko, Nokic Aldijana, Pehar Miran and Corluka Marin

Due to the numerous side effects caused by the modern way of life, there is an urgent need to monitor the morphological characteristics and nutritional status of school children. The purpose of this research was to establish a level of morphological characteristics and nutritional status in young school children, as well as to determine differences according to gender. This research was carried out on 60 children from the five grades of the three different Primary schools in Montenegro, 34 boys (10,92±0,29 years) and 26 girls (10,81±0,29 years). The Morphological characteristics were evaluated by a battery of four variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and then the values of the body mass index have been calculated. The significance of the differences between boys and girls was determined by t-test for small independent samples. The level of nutrition was established and indicates that there are six underweight children (10%), 35 with normal weight (58,3%), and 19 overweight children (31,7%). Also, boys have a higher percentage of overweight, as many as 15 (44,1%), while girls have only 4 (15,4%). There are no significant differences between boys and girls in morphological parameters at all, although the boys have slightly higher numerical values in all parameters. The obtained results indicate that a third of school children are overweight, and almost half of boys at this age also are overweight. These findings confirm the need to perform more comprehensive research of morphological indicators and nutritional status in children.

5 (48-52)

Authors: Erol Vrevic, Pavle Malovic, Dragan Bacovic, Danilo Bojanic and Izet Bajramovic

Nowadays overweight and obesity are characterized as global issue, from the aspect of health and economy as well, and also it can variate by the age and gender. Regarding above-mentioned the aim of this research is to evaluate general nutritional status and differences by the age and gender of pupils who attend the elementary school from Herceg Novi. This study included 65 pupils of second (N=35) and third grade (N=30) of both gander from elementary school from Herceg Novi, divided into two subsamples. Two variables were used to assess the degree of nutrition, namely BMI and WHtR. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated for all variables. Differences in nutritional status between participants were determined by using a t-test for small and independent samples with statistical significance p≤0.05. Statistical analysis was accomplished by SPSS 23.0 software. On the basis of obtained results it can be said that 12.3% of participants of total simple were overweight, and 27.69% obese for BMI values, while for values of WHtR, 20% participants were classified as obese. On the other side, statistically significant differences at nutritional status by the gender were not founded, while for the age differences existed. Third grade pupils showed a statistically significantly higher level of nutritional status compared to second grade pupils (p=0.012) for WHtR values. Herceg Novi as a city has a significant problem with obesity, and it is necessary to act on it very quickly.

6 (31-36)

Authors: Fuad Babajić, Edin Uzučanin and Erol Kovačević

This study involved the application of static stretching exercises in warm-up part of soccer training with vibration stimulus (VSI), compared to an equivalent stretching exercise without applying vibration (SSI). For this purpose, all subjects, are in a randomized manner selected in two equal groups (SSI and VSI). Complete treatment for both groups lasted four weeks (3 x per week). VSI group has implemented an identical training as SSI group, with difference that all exercises performed on the platform (f = 40 Hz, A = 2 mm). Results of the combined analysis of variance, indicating that there is a statistically significant interaction (p<0.05) on variables to assess range of motion, in addition to the variable to assess range of motion in the position of plantar flexion (p = .079). Results of muscle function of lower limbs showed no differences between the study groups (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that in chronic settings, static stretching with vibration have the potential to cause a substantial increase in range of motion, but without significant improvement of muscle function (jumping and sprinting).