Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

1-7

Authors: 1G.Nallasivan, 2Dr. S. Janakiraman and 3 Ishwarya

Orthogonal moment functions are very useful in Image feature representation in many applications like invariant pattern recognition of images, identification of objects and reconstruction of images. Zernike moments are popular in the sense that, feature representation can be achieved with a minimal information redundancy measure. The objective of the proposed work is to estimate the efficiency of Zernike Moment over Region Growing method for the detection of tumor on MRI images and this work is a modest part of a quite complex system. Tumor is a disorder that occurs due to the abnormal growth of tissues. For the detection of tumor, an efficient method is required which can detects the tumor efficiently with little time complexity and error factor. In this paper, we are comparing the Zernike Moment with Region Growing Algorithm. Detecting tumor with Region Grows approach has some drawbacks in terms of time complexity and error analysis. For overcoming the crucial methodology it is proposed that the Zernike moments based feature extraction of the image. In this paper the brain tumor is detected with the usage of low order Zernike moments. The brain image is feed in to different stages like preprocessing using High pass kernel filter, segmenting the image using K Means and Watershed method, feature extraction and finally the tumor part of the brain image is identified efficiently. In the feature extraction part, the image is divided in to two portions from the center and the pixels average value located at the central are calculated. Now the new feature vectors are formed based on the average value of the pixel calculated. The value obtained from the low order Zernike moments are found to be suitable for calculation and hence to obtain the threshold value to extract the tumor from the image. The Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scan images of the brain with and without tumor is applied as input and the results of the two methods are compared with Time Complexity and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the superiority of Zernike Moments have been proved.

13-20

Authors: 1 Kannan K.S. and 2Dr. Saravanan R.

Background:An Efficient Globus-QOS-driven Job Scheduling Approach in Grid EnvironmentObjective:Grid Computing permits resource sharing from heterogeneous and distributed locations. Grid Computing has an extensive variety of application areas comprising medical, scientific and research areas. But there are also some encounters which rises in the grid computing environment. One of the main experiments in grid computing is Resource or Job scheduling in the grid. Job Scheduling is selecting the most appropriate resource for a job to complete its implementation either in terms of waiting time, turnaround time or cost. In this paper, an efficient job scheduling approach is proposed based on the Quality of Service (QoS) factor. The QoS factors like CPU usage, Memory usage, Failure rate and Network speed are estimated to schedule the jobs to appropriate resources. The Global Information System (GIS) maintains the information about individual user certificates, job details, resource history and QoS measures. The user jobs are submitted into the job pool, the jobs are dispatched with the help of GIS. The implementation shows that the proposed model can perform better than the existing Minimum Cost Match Schedule (MCMS) in terms of average response time, execution time and service reliability.Results:The experimental evaluation of the proposed approach is conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. Globus toolkit 4.0.5 is used to create the grid environment. The toolkit supports the system to schedule the jobs to appropriate resources. Conclusion: In this paper, an efficient Globus-QoS driven job scheduling approach for grid environment is presented. The major contributions of this approach are to scrutinize with the QoS factors. The QoS measures like CPU usage, Memory usage, Failure rate and Network speed are evaluated and monitored for scheduling the jobs into an appropriate resource. GIS helps to maintain the user job history, user details, certificates and job details. The jobs are scheduled to the suitable resources based on the GIS reports. The grid environment is constructed by the Globus toolkit. The experimental result shows that the proposed model can schedule the jobs within a short period of time and they also the resource request can be granted within a short period of time. The service reliability also comparatively better than the existing Minimum Cost Match Schedule (MCMS). In future, the Geospatial Web Provisioning Service is incorporated with this proposed framework to enhance the query processing in grid environment.

31-35

Authors: Abdalsattar K Hashim and Rajaa Hussien Abd Ali

Radon concentration and annual effective doses were measured in fifteen mineral water samples in bottled plastic of Iraq. Measurements were made, using long-term technique for alpha particles emission with solid state nuclear track detector type CR- 39. Results show that the maximum value of radon concentration was detected 7.433 Bq/L in Kirkuk water while the minimum value was 0.311Bq/L in Rovian water with mean value 2.594 Bq/L. The annual effective dose was calculated from the measured radon concentration which varied from 2.27µSv/y to 54.26 µSv/y with mean value 18.93 µSv/y . The measured values of radon concentration as well as the annual effective dose were found within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits

49-54

Authors: 1M. Lordwin Cecil Prabhaker and 2A.Gopi Saminathan

Background: Investigation of power consumption in 2D Mesh Interconnect Networks Using Oblivious Routing Protocol in Multicore Processor. Objective: Power optimization in Multicore processor is one of the most challenging issues in Multicore/Many core era. This article presents power consumption while using oblivious routing protocol in 2D – Mesh interconnect network in Multicore system. In such system router and linker are major power consumption sources. In the earlier studies the power consumptions sources are modeled and the power is calculated for runtime (dynamic) and ideal time (static). Here the power consumption is calculated with different buffer size ( ). The system is implemented using event driven simulator with Orion 2.0 power model. The simulator result shown that the router power is increases when the difference between buffer size ( ) and size of the message ) is less and there is no change in router power when the difference is high. It is also observed that the link power varies depending upon the scheduled link and the dynamic power consumption of linker which is 20% of total power and the remaining power is consumed when the linker is in static condition. Result and Conclusion: In this paper, power consumption is calculated while using oblivious routing protocol in 2D – Mesh interconnect network in Multicore system. The system is implemented using event driven simulator with Orion 2.0 power model. The simulator result shown that the router power is increases when the difference between buffer size ( ) and size of the message ) is less and there is no change in router power when the difference is high. It is also observed that the link power varies depending upon the scheduled link and the dynamic power consumption of linker which is 20% of total power and the remaining power is consumed when the linker is in static condition. In future the power consumption has to calculate for multimedia processing applications like MPEG coder which is implemented on multicore processor.

63-71

Authors: S.Kannan

An individual quality of life can be improved by using collection of sensors which can be embedded into the fabric of wearer is called as wearable physiological monitoring system. This system can continuously monitor vital signals and transmit wirelessly to a remote monitoring system. Wireless sensor network can be used in wearable physiological system which has limited availability of energy on network nodes. Clustering can be used to increase lifetime for wireless sensor networks. Energy efficient is possible in wireless sensor network by reselecting cluster heads according to the ratio of residual energy of each node to their distance from base station. Load Balancing among cluster heads can also increase lifetime of wireless sensor network. In this paper, an extension of Reselection-based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm (REERA) for WSN and minheap algorithm is used for achieving energy efficiency and load balancing among cluster heads. Simulation results show that the Reselection-based approach is more efficient in saving energy and load balancing among cluster heads in WSNs compared to traditional LEACH,WLEACH, ELEACH, and LEACH-FL Algorithm.

78-83

Authors: Hugo Zea and 2Luis Carballo

The increasing demand of propylene to be used as raw material for the production of important chemicals products requires the development of efficient chemical routes for its synthesis. The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene (ODHP) has been proposed as a thermodynamically favorable route for the production of propylene from propane. In this study a simplified Mars Von Krevelen mechanism (MVK) was used to describe the kinetics mechanism of the ODHP reaction catalyzed by a bimetallic 1.25% of Pd and 3.75% Mo (weight percentage) supported on alumina catalyst over a wide range of compositions, temperatures and flow conditions. The kinetic rate equation with the best fitting to experimental data corresponds to one in which the propane adsorption is the controlling step

91-97

Authors: Iman Kiani, Aidin Nobahar Sadeghifam, Saeid Khalili Ghomi, Abdul Kadir Bin Marsono

Building information modelling (BIM) is an example of a systemic process of innovation in the construction industry BIM is a set of interacting policies, processes, and technology to create a methodology to manage the fundamental construction design and project data in digital format during the entire life-cycle of a building BIM was expected to bring substantial improvements in productivity in the construction industry. In this way, the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Building practice promises to improve communication and cooperation among participants through greater interoperability of data. However, to implement BIM on construction project, professionals need to set and row BIM based tools, project operations, and the business models of the companies which collaborate on a project. As many researches mentioned there are lots of valuable benefits of using BIM based planning and scheduling 4 dimension (4D) but the slow adoption of this new method is a fundamental problem in developing countries like Iran. The Aim of this study is to identify the state of the art of strategic implementation of using BIM based scheduling in comparison with conventional based scheduling in Iran in the construction industry, hence the related and measurable objectives are to explore the obstacles to the use and implementation of Building Information Modeling in the planning and design stage in Iran and identify strategies that will improve the efficient BIM implementation in the construction industry in developing countries. The scope of this study is limited to the construction phase within Iran. The briefly Identified barriers of using BIM in this country is that Legal/legislative backing by government, subsidizing the price of the software by the government and authors and providing trail software, mobilizing clients on the importance of BIM by service, training and retraining, managing Cultural Change are items which were found in this study.

111-119

Authors: 1 J.Sivakumar and 2K.Chitra

Segmentation of blood vessels in the eye is used to diagnose optical impairments such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. This paper proposes an efficient approach for blood vessel segmentation in retinal images adopting extensive feature set and soft computing technique. The soft computing technique utilized in our method is Genetic Algorithm (GA). GA is used for optimizing or selecting best features which give a reduced feature set eventually resulting in high classification accuracy. Reducing the dimensions of the feature space not only reduces the burden of computational complexity, but also improves the estimated performance of the classifiers. The proposed method aims at evaluating the efficiency of the applied descriptors and proves that this scheme will be capable of rendering accurate results, even when these types of features are used independently. Thus some more gray level and moments invariants features were added for better efficiency. The expected outcome of our research is good segmented image suitable for diabetic detection. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the proposed method will be remarkable for the application.

125-128

Authors: 1Anis Saleh, 2 Syahnur Said, 3Baharuddin Semmaila, 4Ramlawati

This study main objective is to develop a TQM model and analyzing empirically the relationship between TQM practices and department performance and students satisfaction at private colleges in South Sulawesi Province –Indonesia. This study samples are management students of 29 private colleges with accreditation from National Accreditation Board of Higher Education. Analysis used is model Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS 18 software to significance the relationship between exogenous variables (performance faculty, staff and management commitment) and endogenous variable (departments performance and students satisfaction). This study results found that management department that implemented three TQM practices can improve department performance and student satisfaction. From empirical perspective this research fill knowledge gaps in current literature to emphasizes three TQM practices namely lecturers performance, staff and management commitment plays an important role to generate departments performance and student satisfaction. This study was limited only to student perspective, management department in accredited private colleges. Another relevant research type is at higher educations are important and relevant for subsequent research. Simultaneous application of three TQM variables at a private university are believed to be able to improve departments performance and create student satisfaction. This paper describes three TQM variables to affect department performance and students satisfaction at private colleges in South Sulawesi Province -Indonesia

135-143

Authors: 1 Idrus Usu, 2H. Syahnur Said, 2Ramlawati, 2Mapparenta

This study aim is determine whether there is a significant effect of core facilities practice, operational performance and customer satisfaction to improve business performance business. This research was done to 108 people who come from 40 manufacturing industries in Makassar-Indonesia using questionnaire. Explanatory research is used to assess reliability and validity model measurement. Variable latent relationship is tested by Path Analysis. Research results show that manufacturing company's management should give emphasis on consistency in core quality management practices, especially practical aspect of core manufacturing company. Manufacturing company should increase operational performance, customer satisfaction in a hope to increase business performance. They should give more attention to core facility practice simultaneously, systematic and sustainable. This research limitation is only involves aspects of core practice facilities in quality management practices and samples only manufacturing companies in MakassarIndonesia. Therefore, these findings may not be generalizable to other companies.

151-160

Authors: Ronggo Sadono

Study of forest dynamics should cover tree crown beside stem diameter, tree height and tree volume. Tree crown plays an important role in photosynthesis proccess and eventually determines forest productivity. This research is aimed to propose lighted crown model and to estimate lighted crown volume for Perhutani’s Teak Plus from clonal seed at 6 to 11 years in Madiun forest district. The lighted crown was modelled based on 480 dominant trees selected from 16 good-performing growth and easy access compartments. the model was modified from Pretzcsh’s crown shape model. Parameters measurement for lighted crown model was total tree height, height at crown base, maximum crown radius, and height at maximum crown radius. the data were processed to find out the crown length and lighted crown length. Descriptive Statistics was used to obtain mathematical relationship between crown radius and crown lenght of lighted crown section. Furthemore, lighted crown volume was calculated by integration of obtained lighted crown model. The result showed that parabolic form was proposed to modelling the lighted crown. the model was as follows: radius of lighted crown = constant*(lenght of lighted crown) 0.33 , with constant values were = 1.02, 1.19, 1.23, 1.28, 1.17 and 1.32 respectively for aged 6 to 11 years. the lighted crown volume was estimated using the following equation: lighted crown volume = π*constant*(lenght of lighted crown) 1.66, with constant values were 0.623, 0.853, 0.917, 0.994, 0.827 and 1.047 respectively for aged 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 years

171-175

Authors: Josephine Rathinadurai Louis, Suja Shanmugam, Vidhya Nattuthurai

This paper presents an exploration on the effective usage of power using Domotics controller for domestic or small scale buildings in regulation of efficient energy management. LabVIEW has been applied in the validation of load requirement to household appliances. Customers are required to present the energy demand to actively observe and respond to the energy requirements. Hence there is a need to design a smart system that automatically executes all these tasks without any difficulty to the customers, thus an autonomous scheduling and controlling scheme for the electric supply of household appliances and demand of home energy management system (hems) via energy management system for 8.7kw with Domotics controller is presented

181-184

Authors: E.J. Ani, V.U. Nna, C.E. Obi, N.J. Udobong

Background: Several studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of consumption of thermally oxidized oils on various systems of the body. This study seeks to ascertain and compare the effects of consumption of thermally oxidized palm oil (TPO) and thermally oxidized groundnut oil (TGO) diets on some haematological parameters. Objective: Eighteen male albino Wistar rats weighing 200 – 220 g were used for this study. The animals were randomly assigned 1 of 3 groups (n = 6), thus control group, TPO fed group and TGO fed group. Thermally oxidized oil diets were formulated by separately adding TPO and TGO to normal rat feed in the ratio 85:15 for normal feed and thermally oxidized oil respectively. The animals in TPO and TGO groups were allowed to eat the modified diets ad libitum. The feeding regimen lasted for 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks of administration, the animals were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and blood samples collected for analysis. Results: Haemoglobin concentration of TGO fed group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control group. Also, packed cell volume (PCV) of animals in the TPO fed group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control group, while ESR was not significantly different between the groups. Total WBC count of the TGO fed group was significantly (p<0.001) higher, compared to control and TPO fed group. Neutrophil count for control, TPO and TGO fed group was 51.6 ± 2.26%, 36.33 ± 1.05% and 40.67 ± 0.67%, respectively. Neutrophil count was significantly (p<0.001) lower in TPO and TGO fed groups, compared with control. Lymphocyte count was significantly (p<0.001) higher in TPO and TGO fed group, compared with control. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that TPO and TGO consumption may be detrimental to the body’s haematological system as it alters Hb concentration, PCV, WBC count, Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. The observed changes were more in TPO fed group, than TGO fed group.

192-198

Authors: Karina Ocampo Righi-Cavallaro, 2Thiago Nilton Alves Pereira, 3Marcel Rodrigo Cavallaro

The stomach contents of nine Deuterodon species were analyzed. Diet was determined analyzing 73 stomachs and items were identified and had their abundance estimated according to a semi-quantitative scale. Frequency of occurrence, percent composition and a similarity analysis of diets for each species were examined. The stomach analysis revealed that 80% of the food items are autochthonous. All the species were considered typically omnivorous. Aquatic insects, mainly Chironomidae larvae, and vegetal debris were the most important food consumed by the studied fishes

205-210

Authors: 1Andre Ricardo Machi, 2 Paula Bergamin Arthur, 3Luiz Ferrari and 2Valter Arthur

In the Brazil weeds are a great problem due its competition with crops causing losses, the use of herbicides as ametryn is widely used in plantations of sugar cane, corn, pineapple, among others, is selective and can also be applied to control weeds in the pre and post emergence, But over time, the evolution of the population of herbicideresistant weeds has become a growing problem in many countries. Due this the objective was develop a new alternative method of control in orchard of avocado with occurrence of weeds, evaluate the efficiency of ametryn herbicide irradiated on different weeds in the experimental area. To experiment the ametryn herbicide was used at concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 L/ha-1 during the entire experiment. The gamma radiation doses were: 250, 500, 750 and 1000 Gy, except in the treatments (T1-control + water) without irradiation and herbicide (T2- ametryn + 3.0 L/ha-1 ) recommended dose (T3- ametryn + 6.0 L/ha-1 ) but with a 3 times higher dose than recommended product, after irradiated treatments were: T4- ametryn + 250Gy, T5- ametryn + 500Gy, T6- ametryn + 750Gy, and T7- ametryn + 1000Gy (all of these treatments the concentration 3.0 L/ha1 ). The infestant communities founded in the experimental area were: 153 plants in 7 different families and 12 species. The families more abundant were Compositae (Asteraceae), Graminae (Poaceae), Euphorbiaceae. The results permited concluded that D. horizontalis was more abundant species and the treatments ametryn + 6.0 L/ha-1 and ametryn + 750 Gy were the best control on most weeds species in orchard avocado

216-219

Authors: Shadi Habis Abu Aloush

The needs of decision-makers that have become increasing constantly, and require the integration of different data sources, to present the data in away contributing to determine the best alternative for the organization, among the alternatives available, That was in the previous times require significant time that lead to the end of its need or changes in the circumstances of decision-making and the loss of opportunities to change the organization. So there was a need to create data warehouses, which is one of the most important developments of databases. This paper provide an glance of Data warehousing, and Highlighting the role of data warehouse in decreasing the time of decision taking, DW is a set of decision support technologies, purpose enabling the knowledge worker(executive, manager, analyst) to taking better and faster decisions

229-237

Authors: 1 F. Vincylloyd, 2Dr. B. Anand, 3Mr.J. Jijin Godwin

Background: Wireless Networks are made upon a shared medium that makes it simple for adversaries to establish a jamming attacks. The jamming attacks can rigorously interact with the normal operation of wireless networks. Objective: It be easily accomplished by an attacker releasing radio frequency signals that do not follow an underlying MAC protocol. Hence, a security mechanisms are needed to cope up with the jamming attacks. In this paper, the problem occurred in wireless sensor networks due to selective jamming attacks are addressed. Results: Hence, based on protocol semantics, a security mechanisms are proposed in this paper. Optimized Link State Routing protocol is incorporated to maintain a stable route between the source and destination. Error Tolerant Model (ETM) is used to check the network contains the jammer or not. Malicious node detection algorithm is implemented to identify the malicious nodes based on its behavior. It is monitored based on the Virtual Watchdog Timer strategy. Conclusion: The experimental results shows that the proposed method detects the selective jammer better than the existing selective jamming attack detection. Also, the energy consumption, packet drop are also reduced than the existing method

253-267

Authors: 1Dr Abdallah M. Obeidat and 2 Prof. Ghassan A. Otibi

This study aimed at identifying the impact of knowledge sharing tools on the organizational learning in the Jordanian commercial banks. To achieve this goal, the study was conducted on all commercial banks in Jordan (N=13), from which suitable random samples of workers in public administration were chosen, (365) questionnaires were distributed and (304) were returned, This study was found that there are statistically significant effect to knowledge sharing in Organizational learning on three levels in Jordanian commercial banks. It was organization culture - as a means of knowledge sharing - the most prominent impact on Organizational Learning, where it was able to explain what percentage of (78.4%) of the variance in organizational learning, followed by training, best practices, Electronic Communication Tools and knowledge base with less explanation impact. The analysis shows no effect for the informal meetings on Organizational learning, This study highly recommended the importance of creating places within banks to help the meetings of employee (informal meetings), those meetings will give employees the chance to discuss work problems and outstanding matters away from the pressures of work. In addition this study recommended meetings outside the bank (social gatherings entertainment) which enables employees to knowledge sharing.

281-289

Authors: 1 S. Amutha and 2Kannan Balasubramanian

Due to the mobility, MANET has the dynamic, continuously changing network topology. This feature makes it difficult to perform routing in a MANET. In the presence of malicious nodes, one of the main challenges in MANET is to design a robust security solution that can protect the MANET from various routing attacks such as flooding, black hole, link spoofing, warm - hole attack. The proposed system deals with the detection and the prevention of Black Hole Attack in on- demand routing protocols such as AODV, DSR. The goals of this proposed work are to find the stable, shortest routes and to decrease the routing related overhead. The simulation is achieved by the Network Simulation (NS 2) Tool and the Xgraph is used to plot the network performance of the system.

297-306

Authors: 1A. Baskaran and 2 P. Koshy Mathews

In the present study, the possibility of using refrigerant blend of RE170 and R600a as alternative to the refrigerant R134a in domestic refrigerator working on Vapour Compression System has been assessed theoretically. R134a is currently used as the refrigerant in refrigerator replacing the ozone depleting refrigerant R12. Although R134a has no ozone depletion potential, it has relatively larger global warming potential (1300). For this reason the performance of refrigerant mixtures containing RE170 and R600a are measured. The performance characteristics of domestic refrigerator were studied over a wide range of evaporation temperatures (-30°C to 30°C) and condensation temperatures (30°C, 40°C, 50°C) for working fluids R134a and refrigerant mixtures RE170/R600a.This study has been carried out by comparing parameters such as pressure ratio, refrigerating effect, isentropic work, coefficient of performance, compressor power, volumetric cooling capacity discharge temperature and mass flow rate. The present study indicates a drop in replacement for R134a with blend (RE170/R 600a) with the mass fractions of 80%/20%.

315-320

Authors: Pipatpaiboon, N and Thondaeng, T.

Global warming and climate change directly impact on temperature decreasing and temperature of residential temperature especially tropical regions. And present has developed heat resistance paints (HRP) to prevent residential temperature increase. HRP is a type of paints for reflex heat emitted from sun, paint components comprising special mixer substance and there are plenty to choose. Such as this research aims to study the effect of heat resistance paints (HRP) on closed-chamber temperature distribution. The closed-chambers were made from smart board of 3.5 mm thickness and dimensions of 0.5 m. x 0.5 m. x 0.5 m. (W x H x L). The temperature distribution and thermal resistance were compared between three closed-chambers painted with HRPs with differing properties, as well as an unpainted closed-chamber. The experiment measured temperatures at 3 points of the closed-chambers: outer surface temperature (WTO), inner surface temperature (WTI), and centre point temperature (CT). Experiment was conducted between the times of 6.00 AM and 6.00 PM. A solar power meter was also employed to measure the solar power storage. Results of the experiment showed the highest WTO temperature was 48.1˚C, and highest CT temperature was 45.9˚C, both of which were observed where the closed-chamber was unpainted. The lowest temperatures that were tested at 12PM, the hottest part of the day, showed WTO and CT of 39.2 ˚C and 36.8 ˚C respectively. Both temperatures were observed where the closed-chamber was painted with (UV shield) resistance paint. From the study concluded that the application of HRP impacts directly on the inner temperature distributions of the closed-chamber, and also helps to reflect heat away from the closed-chamber surface

327-333

Authors: 1Dr. C. Geetha priya, 2 S.Senthil kumar, 3 J.Rijo

Background: Compressive sensing phased MIMO radar is used to estimate the location of target with fewer measurements which increases the performance as compared with traditional methods. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with colocated antennas is called phased-MIMO radar. It enjoys the advantage of both phased array and MIMO radar. This paper explains the convex optimization technique for power allocation. It allocates the power for transmit antennas depends upon sparse vector of received signal. It reduces the number of active transmit antenna with high performance.

344-350

Authors: 1 P.Sinthia, 2Dr.K..Sujatha, 3M. Malathi

Wavelet algorithms are useful tool for signal processing such as image compression, decomposition, approximation and denoising. Wavelets prove an efficient representation of images. It decomposes an image into subbands, approximation, horizontal, vertical and diagonal. This paper proposes the wavelet based image decomposition and approximation for bone images for detecting cancer. A single level decomposition puts a signal through two complementary low-pass and high-pass filters. The output of the low-pass filter gives the approximation coefficients, while the high pass filter gives the detail coefficients. In this system, Haar functions are act as a wavelet input. These are the simplest wavelets; these forms are used in many methods of discrete image transforms and processing. The important research challenge of this paper is to improve the visual quality of bone image through image processing in order to detect bone cancer at an early stage

360-367

Authors: 1U.K. Mohamad Yusof, 1A. Che Soh, 1N.F. M. Radzi, 1A.J. Ishak, 1M.K. Hassan, 1 S.A. Ahmad, 2 S. Khamis

Background: Electronic nose consists of commercial gas sensor which detects gas through an increase in electrical conductivity when reducing gases are adsorbed on the sensor's surface. The election of the best gas sensor that suits to the target gas detection is very crucial in order to capture the desired signal to be used in further process to design e-nose for odor detection with high rate of classification. In this study, five herbs were chosen as sample for electronic nose development. The volatile chemical compound in herbs as the source of the odor will be characterized by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry test. The result of the test is useful to determine the potential gas sensor for e-nose. The process is followed by one to five feature analysis of the e-nose signal to find the best gas sensor array. Objective: The selection of gas sensors is investigated in order to design e-nose for odor detection. Results Feature analysis shows that five feature analyses by using five types of gas sensor for e-nose give the best result as the 90% accuracy of classification. Conclusion: Five types of gas sensors have been determined from the phytochemical’s results of GCMS test. Hence, it will be used as sensor array in e-nose application for herbs classification.

372-380

Authors: S.Ravindrakumar and 2K. Bommannaraja

Background: The problem of denoising the abdominal ECG is addressed and a multichannel adaptive approach using affine projection algorithms is proposed. Various adaptive denoising methods for multichannel Abdominal ECG in Fetal monitoring system is presented in this paper. A new method for implementing de-noising process for multi-input multi-output system is proposed using affine projection algorithm. The multichannel denoising system is been implemented using various adaptive filters. The proposed methods are tested with various input signals with noises. Noises like Power line interference, Electrode contact noise, Motion artifacts, Muscle contraction, Base line drift and Instrumentation noise generated by electronic devices are analyzed and removed using proper design. The methods to choose are dependent on the type of electrodes used and their numbers. Since Statistical methods require more number of electrodes for better removal of noise the adaptive filter is preferred. Filtering can alter the signal and may require substantial computational overhead. Real time and simulated ECG signals using dynamic model are used in this work. The results showed that some filtering techniques employed is faster among other filtering methods the affine projection adaptive filtering after tuning the taps to some optimum value gives the best results when compared to other adaptive filters. The Adaptive methods like LMS, DLMS, BLMS, NLMS, SS, SE, SD, RLS, SWRLS, QRDRLS, FTF, AFFINE PROJECTION and Lattice filters are used and the performance are compared. The results are compared with other methods like wavelet transform and ICA and the superiority of adaptive filter is shown.

390-396

Authors: 1,2Khoso, F. N, 3Wong, S. K, 4,5Chia, S. L and 1Lau, W. H

This study was conducted to determine the presence of filth feeding and breeding flies at markets in Serdang, Malaysia. A total of 1,158 flies were collected during the study period and 14 species were successfully sequenced and identified. The identified species were belonged to three main families, Calliphoridae (Chrysomya rufifacies, Chrysomya megacephala, Hemipyrellia ligurries and Lucilia cuprina), Muscidae (Musca domestica, Musca ventrosa, Ophyra chalcogaster, Ophyra spinigera and Synthesiomyia nudiseta) and Sarcophagadae (Sarcophaga dux, Sarcophaga peregrina, Sarcophaga ruficornis, Sarcophaga taenionota and Sarcophaga kempi). Intraspecific variation ranged from 0.00% to 1.05%, and interspecific variation occurred between 5.82% and 13.82%. The phylogenetic tree revealed that all species formed distinct monophyletic clades. In addition, the COI gene sequence of Musca ventrosa and Ophyra chalcogaster was reported first time ever in Malaysia.

1-7

Authors: Mehdi Baghirov Siyavush

Meeting the food demand of a global population expected to reach 9.1 billion in 2050 and over 10 billion by the end of the century will require major changes in agricultural production systems. Due to this issue, the marketing matter is under the consideration. Having a good production and effectiveness marketing could assist to organize the production system and marketing factors. Improving cropland management is key to increasing crop productivity without further degrading soil and water resources. At the same time, sustainable agriculture has the potential role to improve the marketing and human life. This paper synthesizes the results of a literature review reporting the evidence base of different sustainable land management practices aimed at increasing and stabilizing crop productivity in developing countries. It is shown that transition of agrarian products from production stage to exchange stage and the size of production was the major factors of the good results in this study. In addition, the levels of implementation of activities and the control of plans and programs for systematic results were under determined. Moreover, these characteristics of growing crops are key to interpreting the impact on crop yields and mitigation of different agricultural practices and that technology options most promising for enhancing food security at smallholder level are also effective for increasing system resilience in dry areas and mitigating climate change in humid areas. This manual and case study carried out to consideration of agrarian production potential of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan Republic) from theoretical and practical points of view the main economical indicators of the agrarian sector among 2008 until 2012. The data analysis was under the Excel and SPSS software and manual calculation

19-25

Authors: Ssuna Salim and Syahrul Faizaz Binti Abdullah

Tawheed is the leading principle of the Islamic faith without which an individual is not considered a Muslim and its violation for those already believed will automatically result into the nullification of their faith. The Quran and the Hadith of the Prophet are very explicit on this issue; this is why the Muslim scholars of all ages in their wettings labored hard to preserve the true teachings and proper understanding of this major principle of this faith. This study therefore asses the observations of these scholars regarding this principle in view of what it means, affirmation of its lofty position, the main theme of all prophets and messengers commissioned by the Almighty Allah and its influence on a Muslim’s daily life. The study uses a textual analysis methodology. The study concludes by assessing the role of this principle in guiding Muslims to the straight path by fully implementing Allah’s commandments, something that will have a positive effect on their behavior and determination as effective vicegerents on earth and a guiding principle to their education system.

34-40

Authors: 1,2Ghalib A. Salman Salih and 1Ghazali Sulong

This paper presents a new set of holistic features that can be extracted from human face after applying image transform. Result coefficients from discrete cosine transform are statistically inspected to evaluate their performance over different stages of age and over different image samples within each age stage. Coefficients efficiency was measured in term of their changes over different ages and changes over image samples within each specific age; the coefficient with high interclass changes over age and low intraclass changes over sample will be chosen to be an age estimation feature. A set of experiments were conducted on standard FG.net dataset of face images, in addition to private own collected dataset. Encouraging results were yielded in age estimation depending on classification accuracy and mean absolute errors

51-64

Authors: Rodrigo Andrade Gondin and 2 Fabiano Maury Raupp

The goal of this study was to structure a transparency ranking of the legislative electronic portals of the largest Brazilian municipalities. This is a descriptive research, conducted through a survey study with a predominantly qualitative approach. Data were collected from recorded observations of the electronic portals through an observation protocol. The study findings regarding the goals of the study reveal the need to transform the practices of information management and organizational culture in the local legislatives surveyed. From the total of Municipalities evaluated, 120 legislative electronic portals (90.22%) partially met the requirements imposed by the LAI (Law of Access to Information). Other 6 legislatives (4.51%) showed no instrument of transparency due to their absence in the World Wide Web (internet); and only 7 legislatives (5.26%) configured high capacity of transparency of public information, presenting, beside the requirements of the LAI, other transparency instruments that improve the visibility and the inferability of the public information. The amount of legislative electronic portals that attended less than half of the indicators of transparency instruments restricted to the requirements of the LAI also was significant, corresponding to 35 legislative electronic portals (26.31%). Regarding the set of indicators of transparency instruments not restricted to the legal requirements, 42 legislatives (31.59%) were identified as having less than half of the indicators of the category. It is concluded that the construction of the Virtual State does not depend only on the development of electronic portals with information and services available for citizens. It depends, mainly, on a strategic management model that focuses on democratic values and the role of citizens along with the government as co-producers of the public welfare (Yang, 2003; Denhardt and Denhardt, 2007; Denhardt, 2012).

71-75

Authors: 1V.S. Thangarasu, 2G. Sureshkannan, 3N.V. Dhandapani

The centrifugal blowers have been widely investigated because of their extensive applications in ventilation and processing at industries. The performance of the centrifugal blowers mainly depends on the design parameters of the impeller blades used. In industries, various design parameters are assigned to each type of blade in order to obtain maximum efficiency from each blade. But the effective use of blower can be obtained from the impeller blades with same material and same design parameters. This paper deals with the design and experimental investigation of the centrifugal blower impellers with same design parameters in order to optimize the performance of centrifugal blower.

86-90

Authors: Samer, Al-Hulu

Thirty soil samples were collected from Hilla town. Five isolates of actinomycetes were found. The antimicrobial activity of these isolates were determined against S.aureus. The results showed that Actinomycetes spp.2 was active against S.aureus with 20mm inhibition zone. Cultural characteristics of Actinomycetes spp.2 isolate were recorded. According to morphological and biochemical test, these isolate was belong to Streptomyces spp. Streptomyces spp.2 was selected for study of effects of various carbon and nitrogen source on antibacterial activity and extraction of antibacterial agent. The results showed that glycerol was given higher inhibition zone when used as carbon source and peptone was best nitrogen source with higher inhibition zone against S.aureus and E.coli. The antibacterial agent was extracted from Streptomyces spp.2. and it active against S.aureus with 21 mm inhibition zone and 18 mm against E.coli, and lowest inhibition zone against P.aeruginosa with 12mm.

106-117

Authors: 1Dr. Abdulkareem Ibadi and 2 Fatin Abbas Mahdi

Background: The key in accomplishing an effective retrieval system is to select the proper features that represent the images as uniquely and precisely as much as possible. The features selections have to be sufficient and discriminative in describing the content present in the image. To achieve these aims, most of Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems depend on one of low image feature (colour, texture, and shape) in each retrieval process, since each feature extracted from images just characterizes certain aspect of image content, it is very difficult to get satisfactory retrieval results, so design and develop CBIR based on combination of appropriate relevant features to yield better retrieval performance be the optimal solution to increase the accuracy of image retrieval. In this paper, design and implement Content Fusion Based Image Retrieval (CFBIR) system based on fuse individual feature is presented. Objective: The main objectives of proposed CFBIR system are; firstly, retrieve the images based on individual feature in order to choose appropriate descriptors that represent the image as unique as possible. Secondly, fuse these descriptors using Early fusion technique, in this method, the feature vector of each descriptor are fused to form a large single Feature Fusion Vector (FFV) before matching process. FFV will be suffer from so called “curs of dimensionality”, consequently, it is going to be very time-consuming for retrieve images. Thirdly, to overcome this problem, new feature fusion technique using XOR function is produce. Results: The experimental results are evaluated over a collection of 700 homogenous images including 100 original images of Iraqi National Museum of Modern Art collection with six transformation for each image which represent the query image to demonstrate experimentally the efficacy of the proposed system. Contribution: The experimental results showed that the Early feature fusion technique does improve the retrieval performance comparing with the results obtained by of using individual feature. Also, The proposed feature fusion technique has proved to be easy to implement with a highly efficient image retrieval and can be adopted as features fusion technique in many other more sophisticated retrieval systems.. Conclusion: Reported results show that the best colour extraction method is Colour Histogram (CH) descriptor; for texture method Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) descriptor; and for shape is Hu‟s seven variant moments (Hu’s) descriptor. For the combination of these descriptors using Early Feature Fusion technique gives the excellent result (90.422%) comparing with the individual descriptor. The effectiveness of the proposed New Feature Fusion technique is able to achieve high rate accuracy. The results were promising, as it increased the retrieval performance to become (93.286%).

124-138

Authors: Amal S. Hassan, 2Assar, S. M and 3Yahya, M

Ranked set sampling (RSS) approach is considered a cost efficient alternative to simple random sampling (SRS) when observations are costly or time-consuming but the ranking of the observations without actual measurement can be done relatively easily. Many authors suggested different modifications for RSS to come up with new sampling techniques. Median ranked set sampling (MRSS), extreme ranked set sampling (ERSS) and percentile ranked set sampling (PRSS) are some modifications for RSS. In the current paper, the estimation of R = P[Y <

149-164

Authors: Enhancing Secure Transaction and Identity Authentication Method Based on Mixed Fingerprint, Hmac Techniques and Qr-code in m-commerce

The current trend states mobile applications are essential for human personal and professional level. M-commerce will be next generation of wired e-commerce applications. M-commerce with the help of wireless environment leads to large number of user acquisition. For sure M-commerce will play major role in the internet industry invoking m-payments, m-booking, m-transactions. In m-commerce applications authentication is very vital. Biometric authentication is a unique authentication by using measurements of the human body and behavioral characteristics of the unique person. Biometrically secured mobile commerce system is much safe and secure and very easy to use, also no need to remember passwords and secret codes. Existing system use the idea of m-payment services in handheld devices using user name and passwords. Biometric authentication is used for accessing the handheld device and not for accessing applications. Our proposed system focus on analyzing multiple fingerprint algorithm and security. More security is proposed by implementing two different fingerprints at the image level in order to generate a new fingerprint. In this paper we propose two fingerprint algorithms ridge and minutiae matching algorithms. Finally the threshold level is found out by using fuzzy logic. Our architecture can also be applied to joint account holders. Also our proposed system includes embedding the fingerprint image using QR code and encrypting using AES algorithm. Data integrity is provided by shared secret key between the user and service provider. Quick Response (QR) code is used to send the customer and product details from the user to the server. The details are encrypted by using AES algorithm.

174-182

Authors: 1 Somesh Mehra, 2 Swati Shukla, 3Rupali Srivastava, 4 Jose Mathew and 5Manish Mehra

Background: Antibiotic resistance in microbes has become a global apprehension. The clinical effectiveness of many antibiotics in existence is being diminished by the emergence of multi drug-resistant in microbes. Because of immeasurable availability of diversities of chemical, the natural herbal products either as their extracts or in pure compounds has provided limitless prospect for new drug leads. This results to an endless approach and pressing need to discover new antimicrobial agents for new as well as re-emerging infectious diseases. Objective: In the present study, biochemical and molecular identification of two microbes Bacillus cereus & Micrococcus luteus from soils samples was done through various biochemical tests and 16s RNA gene PCR amplification & sequencing. Five extracts each of peel & pulp of Citrus paradise (Grapefruit), Citrus medica (Citron) & Citrus limon (Lemon) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against targeted microbes. Synthetic antibiotic, Gentamicin was used for correlation studies against natural antimicrobial agents. Results: The PCR amplification and sequencing of 16s rRNA gene was carried out for precise identification of candidate microbes and showed up amplicons size of 261bp & 287bp respectively on agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Grapefruit peel and pulp showed maximum antimicrobial activity against B. cereus in isopropanol and ethanol extracts form respectively, it was ~56% & ~59% comparatively to gentamicin, respectively. While M. luteus was highest inhibited by Grapefruit peel & pulp in ethanol and isopropanol extract form and it was ~73% & ~63% comparatively to gentamicin, respectively. Citron peel and pulp showed maximum antimicrobial activity against B. cereus in chloroform and ethanol extracts form respectively; it was ~63% & ~67% comparatively to gentamicin, respectively. While M. luteus was highest inhibited by Citron peel & pulp in chloroform and aqueous extract form respectively and it was ~71% & ~60% comparatively to gentamicin, respectively. Similarly, Lemon peel and pulp showed maximum antimicrobial activity against B. cereus in methanol and ethanol extracts form respectively; it was ~67% & ~64% comparatively to gentamicin, respectively. While M. luteus was highest inhibited by Lemon peel & pulp in isopropanol extract form respectively and it was ~63% & ~69% comparatively to gentamicin, respectively. Conclusion: This study underline that extracts of peel & pulp of grapefruit, citron & lemon are highly potent natural antimicrobial agent, which poses their enormous potential in cosmetic, natural antimicrobial drug formulation and food industry.

194-204

Authors: 1G.M. Karthik and 2Dr.S.Karthik

The W3C provides access to a huge volume of data and the entire data present in it can be either identified or searched with the help of a search engine. The role of a search engine (used for retrieving the data stored in it) is unanimous. The server supported with the log file enables access to the data that is to be searched and accessed earlier. The role of FP tree provides access to the data along with user information and finally creates a web log file. In this effort the studies was focused with the pattern search which is a means to access enormous data volume and provide effective search result in the form of FP tree. The effectiveness of this study is the template creation, which was created then and there and hence the growth of the FP tree was not affected. The result of the study provides lower complexity irrespective of the data size that is provided as input parameter. The updated result was tested with enormous data out of which a minimum of 1, 00,000 test data provided effective result on analysis

213-217

Authors: P. Mukilan and 2Dr. Amitabh Wahi

Video surveillance has long been in use to oversee security sensitive areas such as banking, departmental stores, highway patrol’s, public places and borders. Video surveillance system is the most substantial issue in native security field. The improvements in computing power, availability of large-capacity repository devices and high speed network communications tiled the way for low-cost, multi sensor video surveillance systems. Conventionally, the video outputs are processed online by human operators and are usually saved to tapes for later use only after a judicial event. The accretion in the number of cameras in ordinary surveillance systems overloaded both the human operators and the storage devices with high volumes of data and made it absurd to ensure proper overseeing of sensitive areas for long times. For filtering out useless information generated by an array of cameras, and increase the response time to judicial events, assisting the human operators with identification of important events in video by the use of “ingenious” video surveillance systems has become a critical requirement. In this paper, an ingenious visual surveillance system with real-time moving object apprehension, categorization and tracking capabilities is presented. In addition to these, some important needs of a booming ingenious video surveillance system are met.

224-230

Authors: 1 J. Hossen, 2 S. Sayeed, 3 M. Saleh, 4 P. Velrajkumar, 5C. Venkataseshaiah

Background: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing new models of low cost mobile robots. As the number of sensors required considerably influences the cost of the robot, reduction in number of sensors used has become one of the targets. Objective: In this paper, the design and development of a fully automated low cost mobile robot for navigation in a given complex scenario, is discussed. Two differentially driven DC servo motors controlled by a PIC18f452 microcontroller and navigation algorithm based on Vector Field Histogram, have been used. One ultrasonic sensor for path scanning and three IR sensors for obstacle avoidance have been used. Color detection feature has been incorporated using Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) and super bright white LED. Results: A prototype has been designed, developed at low cost and tested. Conclusion: The performance of the robot in navigating in a given complex scenario while avoiding obstacles has been found to be very impressive and competitive.

238-245

Authors: Mahmoud Ali R. Eltoukhy and Mohammad Ibrahim

Weirs are the common and important structures which are used in controlling and measuring the flow in irrigation channel. This study carried out experimental runs to survey the velocity distributions in each vertical and longitudinal directions, downstream compound weirs. It uses compound sharp-crested weirs consisting of two triangular parts with different weir angles. All parameters, such as head over the weir, h, downstream water depth, ytail, bed type, and the shape of the compound weir, which affect the velocity distribution were studied. Three weirs, 90/90, 90/120, and 90/150, two beds, sand and plastic, four heads, 6, 9, 12, and 15 cm, and three downstream depths, 10, 14, and 18 cm were used. The results show that the vertical and longitudinal velocity distributions increase with water head and with plastic bed case. The velocity distributions decrease for larger wide weir and higher downstream water depth.

250--257

Authors: 1 Somasundaram Devaraj and 2 Palaniswami.S

In this paper, we propose an enhanced fuzzy c-means clustering process for image segmentation. This algorithm plays important role in image segmentation to achieve better segmentation results. Here, (FCM) fuzzy c-means algorithm performances are increased using SFLA algorithm and SIFT descriptors. Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm provide the better initial optimization and SIFT feature descriptors reduce the false boundaries by non-boundary image features.PSO algorithm provides fast segmentation more than SFLA however it is effortlessly falls in local optimization, these lead false boundaries in image segmentation, and this has overcome using SFLA to attain global optimization. In which, image is processed in three stages. In first stage, fuzzy c-means algorithm and optimization as attained. In second stage SIFT descriptors used to reduce the false boundaries, in final stage reordering of possibly misclassified pixels in image. Our proposed method, shuffled frog leaf based spatial Kernel fuzzy c-means (SFKFCMS) was evaluated with various FCM based algorithms and tested in numerous test images. This method provides better efficiency and optimized results in image segmentation.

265-271

Authors: 1Aline Rachadel de Souza, 2 Fabiano Maury Raupp, 3Everton Luis Pellizzaro de Lorenzi Cancellier

The study aims to compare the selling price due to the cost structure of a micro enterprise in the retail sector, in the real estate and automotive paints, with the price currently charged by the organization. To do so, we performed a descriptive, through a case study with predominantly qualitative approach. Data collection was made through interviews, document analysis and direct observation. The method chosen to structure the calculation of cost of goods and subsidize the training of the sales price was the absorption costing no departmentalization. It was observed that the lack of the actual cost structure of the company led the owners to making selling prices not compatible with the costs incurred by the company. It is believed that the choice of a simpler method of funding can support the company to maintain its control of costs in a longterm horizon.

283-291

Authors: Dr. Eder Paschoal Pinto, 2Mr. Antônio Augusto da Silva Abreu, 3Dr. José Marcos Carvalho de Mesquita.

Background: Researchers have given enormous importance to the hospitality industry, especially through studies that have analyzed the factors that affect traveler’ decisions to book accommodation in hotels (e.g. room rate, amenities and location). However, data are generally examined from a guest’s or a manager’s point of view. Objective: This study examines factual data aiming to understand the extent to which the occupancy rate, quality, location and organizational form explain the room rates of hotels classified as four and five star. Data from hotels established in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, for a period of eleven years were gently provided by hoteliers and analyzed by multiple regression tests. Results: Among the six models obtained, the best model shows that the predictor variables explain 72.8% of the fees charged by the hotels examined in our research, and that the ‘hotel quality’ and ‘occupancy rate’ variables are those that contribute most positively to the configuration of the response variable. Conclusion: The models delivered by this study are the outcome of the multiple regression tests performed with five variables. There are other variables which might be included. However, the five variables explain 72.8% of the fees. The study is relevant to hoteliers because it analyses variables that directly affects the revenues of hotels. Knowing its contributions, hoteliers can decide investments to enhance outcomes.

297-304

Authors: Aftab Hameed Memon, Nor Solehah Md Akhir, Ismail Abdul Rahman, Sasitharan Nagapan

Background: Nowadays, the amount of construction waste generation is increased drastically. Malaysia also is facing with this problem. Construction waste has adverse effects on environment, social economic perspectives of a country. Thus, it is very essential to control the waste generation. This waste problem occurs in construction projects due to various factors which are required to uncover for effective control of the waste. For this, literature review highlighted 46 common factors of construction waste generation worldwide which are considered to investigate in Malaysian construction industry. Objective: The objective of this research is to identify the factors causing to construction waste generation in four phases of construction life cycle. Results: Interviews were conducted with 9 experienced personnel involved in handling and managing construction projects in Malaysia. The ranking of factors calculated through Average Index method showed that the factors have higher AI value in construction phase, followed by finishing phase, design phase and planning phase. Conclusion: The findings of the study have revealed major factors causing waste generation in construction project along various phases of the project. Further, the construction phases is found as the critical phase which indicated that the construction players have to pay more attention in order to lessen the generation of construction waste at site.

315-322

Authors: V. Sivakumar and 2V. Murugesh

Primary diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is of immense importance, since clinical symptoms do not occur until substantial parts of the Substantia nigra (SN) neurons in the brain stem have been irreparably damaged. Furthermore, large sections of the population are regarded by this disease and while AD is currently considered as irredeemable, the symptoms can be reassured by the administration of drugs. Many different imaging modalities have been employed to help diagnose the disease. A few of them include: magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography(CT), positron emission tomography,magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Each of these modalities offers something different towards the detection and possible treatments for Alzheimer‟s disease. Neuroprotective drugs could shelter neurons of the SN when used at the outset of the disease in the preclinical phase. Therefore a knowledge to detect early SN damage is anticipated for the identification of people at risk for AD. We are giving a loom for MRI brain slices by means of feature extraction and unsupervised clustering. In which clustering is carried out by way of a self-organizing map (SOM). Then, each pixel is classified according to the identified classes. The number of classes is a priori unknown and the artificial neural network that implements the SOM is used to define the primary categories. The detection of the classes in the SOM is done by using a K-means segmentation. This processing is useful for potential diagnosis of Alzheimer‟s disease in brain stem area. The principle of this solution is shown morphological operations to detection of pathological defects.

1-8

Authors: 1M. Krishna Sudha and 2Dr. S. Sukumaran

Cloud Computing offers on-demand and rapidly provisioned resources which is a computing and widely accepted model. For consumption and delivery of IT services cloud computing represents pay as per usage on internet. Constraint for scheduling of the cloud services to the consumers by service providers is Cost and Time. In such a scenario, efficient task scheduling is required such that the execution cost and time can be reduced. In this paper we proposed a Genetic based scheduling Algorithm which minimizes the execution time and execution cost taking into consideration computational cost and computing capacity of the processing elements. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits good performance.

18-21

Authors: Barcelon, E., Carreon, L., Guillermo, J., Jacob, E., Jocson, S., Panopio Jr., G., Rosalinas, S

Background: Consumers nowadays are engaged in a healthy lifestyle. The potential of a nutritious fruit such as red flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) has remained largely underutilized. Red flesh dragon fruit is known to prevent colon cancer and diabetes, to neutralize toxic substance such as heavy metals, to reduce cholesterol and high blood pressure, and it is rich in phosphorus and calcium (Gunasenaet al., 2006). Moreover, its peel has antibacterial property (Nurmahaniet al., 2012). It is also a good source of fiber and pectin, and it is useful as a natural colorant (Jamilahet al., 2011). Objective: This study aims to determine the consumer acceptability and physicochemical content of the red flesh dragon fruit spread. Results: Sensory acceptability was performed with 50 untrained consumers. The consumer acceptability test of the red flesh dragon fruit spread is determined to be “very good”. The following physicochemical analyses were performed: water activity (0.82 ± 0.01), pH (4.90 ± 0.10), soluble solids (⁰Brix) (38.65 ± 0.31), moisture (46.63 ± 1.64), ash (0.68 ± 0.04) and fat (0.44 ±0.09). Conclusion: Based on scores provided by 50 untrained consumers, red flesh dragon fruit spread was deemed to be “very good.

30-33

Authors: A. R.Araújo Netoand and D.B.Campos

This paper reports a case of the origin of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries via a single trunk (celiac-mesenteric trunk) in a medium sized mixed breed female dog. The case was seen during routine dissections performed at the Laboratory of Animal Anatomy at the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Paraíba (CCA-UFPB). In this case, it was observed that the cranial mesenteric and celiac arteries originated from the abdominal aorta through a single trunk, the celiacmesenteric trunk. Furthermore, it was noted that after its origin, the trunk did not divide into celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries and subsequently originated the branches emitted by them. The hepatic artery, two left gastric arteries (one larger and one smaller), the splenic artery, the ileocolic artery, the caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery, twenty jejunal arteries, and the ileal artery originated from the celiac-mesenteric trunk. We concluded that the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries in the animal under study showed different morphology from what has been described in literature, establishing a case of anatomical variation. The knowledge and morphological characterization of the anatomical variations that may occur in the abdominal arterial vasculature of the species are of paramount importance, providing subsidies for clinical, surgical and diagnostic-imaging practices in the region.

40-45

Authors: 1Dr. K. Sujatha, 1Dr.M.Kumaresan, 2Dr. R.S. Ponmagal and 2 P. Vidhushini

Background: This research work deals with the monitoring the combustion quality of the power station boilers using Artificial Intelligence for improvement in the combustion quality in the power station boiler . Color of the flame tells us whether the combustion taking place is complete, partial or incomplete. When complete combustion takes place the flue gases released are within the permissible limits otherwise its level is high which is out of limit. Analysis is done based on the flame color which was captured using infrared camera and displayed on CCTV. If combustion is partial or incomplete the flue gases released are more which will create air pollution. So this work includes enhancement of quality of combustion, saving of energy as well as check on the pollution level. Characteristics of flame images such as average intensity, area, brightness and orientation are obtained after its pre-processing. Three classes of images corresponding to different burning conditions were taken from continuous video processing. Further training and testing with the data collected have been carried out and performance of the algorithm is presented.

53-63

Authors: 1Dr. Fadhil Abbas M. Al-Qrimli and 2Hussein Takleef Kadhum

Methods of Pulse-Width Modulation PWM can be implemented by using two ways direct digital and carrier-based implementation. The carrier-based pulse-width modulation (CB-PWM) is an efficient method used to enhance the performance of the power inverter by reducing the low order harmonics of its output voltage and current. In this paper three types of PWM are studied using CB-PWM method include; Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), Continuous Space-Vector PWM (CSVPWM), and Discontinuous Space-Vector PWM (DSVPWM). All these types are applied on a 3- phase voltage source inverter (VSI) drive an induction motor. Variable speed control of an induction motor is conceptually very simple. The frequency and amplitude of the drive voltage must be varied to change the motor speed. So that a model is proposed in this paperto stabilize V/f constant ratio for speed variation. The model is derived from the modulation index (Ma) and the inverter output voltage by the curve fitting method. The results proved that the stabilizing V/f constant ratio is very efficient, resulting in too small error rates (with no more than ±5% tolerance) for all types of PWM mentioned. The study also compared the results with the international standards of current THD, it explained that some of the mentioned PWM method are very reliable in AC machine drive application, and some of them should be avoidable for this purpose. Furthermore, some of PWM mentioned method may be used for lower frequencies (less than rated frequency). All models in this research are built and simulated in MATLAB 2010a /SIMULINK and programming.

73-80

Authors: 1Vilmar Antonio Gonçalves Tondolo, 2Rosana da Rosa Portella Tondolo, 3Maria Emilia Camargo, 4Aléssio Bessa Sarquis, 5Cláudia Cristina Bitencourt

Entrepreneurship must be seen strategically. In this sense, strategic entrepreneurship refers to a strategic action inside companies, reflecting to the achievement of competitiveness and seizing of new opportunities together. Entrepreneur Orientation (EO) represents the corporate entrepreneurship of companies. Nonetheless, companies need resources and capabilities in order to exploit market opportunities, making entrepreneurship action a strategic goal, especially for small- and medium–sized companies which routinely deal with lack or resources. As entrepreneurship, Organizational Social Capital (OSC) is also connected to a company’s strategy. Organizational Social Capital is considered a source of sharing resources and capabilities. Taken in this way, Organizational Social Capital may be related to Entrepreneurial Orientation, due to the willingness of entrepreneur companies to share resources and capabilities to undertake new opportunities. Thus, the main goal of this study is to explore the effect of EO on OSC in the context of firms in incubator environments and technology parks. In order to achieve this goal, an exploratory quantitative study was developed in an incubator and technology park. The results revealed that companies with more years of operation and size showed more levels of both Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organizational Social Capital. The results also showed that more entrepreneurial companies have higher levels of Organizational Social Capital, and Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Social Capital. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that organizational trajectory may play a pivotal effect on the development of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organizational Social Capital. Finally, EO and OSC may make an interconnected contribution in order for firms to develop new business opportunities, access and share resources and capabilities through ties developed among companies.

94-99

Authors: SarminahSamad, 1,2Salma Yasmin Mohd Yusuf, 3Waleed Abdulkafi Ahmed, 4MohdAyub Yakub

Background: This paper proposes a model of strategic planning, transformational leadership and organizational performance with the integration of strategic management theories mainly Resource Based View and Emergent Theory. Objective: To develop a model that relates strategic planning, transformational leadership and organizational performance. Expected Results and Conclusion: The proposed model will be able to answer the following hypotheses: There is a significant and positive relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance; strategic planning will contribute significantly on organizational performance and transformational leadership will moderate the relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance.

108-114

Authors: 1Arun Rajesh Sivaraman, 2Arun Kumar Sivaraman and 3Dr. M. Lakshmi

In the technical world all the computer networks tend to become more and more complicated. The more difficulty here is to manage the routes and find which route is the best route. In this paper introduce a novel multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm in MANET called SRMBAR (Secure Reverse Multicast Bellman Ford Adhoc Routing) with the combination of ant colony optimization algorithm(ACO) that ensure Quality of service (QoS) guarantee by allowing reverse multicast routing on possible multiple paths between source and. The proposed SRMBAR and ACO can improve reliability of data transmission and optimize the maximum link utilization which achieves data integrity and then reduce the consumption of time and the transmission delay. Experimental results show that the reverse multicasting approach is efficient when compared with an existing algorithm, has promising performance in multicast traffic engineering and for evaluating the route stability in dynamic mobile networks.

126-132

Authors: 1 Priya S, 2Rashmi M.R. , 3 Suresh A

This paper presents the performance of Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) induction motor fed from nine level diode clamped Multi Level Inverter (MLI). The distortion in line voltages is less in nine level diode clamped inverter compared to five level and seven level inverter. The increase in number of levels will minimize the torque ripple and the ripple in the stator flux. Therefore nine level inverter improves the torque and flux quality in the induction motor drive. The proposed nine level inverter uses less number of switches and does not experience neutral-point fluctuations. The DC link capacitor carry only the ripple current since isolated DC supplies are used for the DC links. The simulation results for DTC induction motor drive fed from nine level diode clamped inverter are presented in this paper

143-150

Authors: 1Lavanya Gunasekaran and 2Dr. Srinivasan Subramaniam

There are many problems related to optimization and many researchers are interested in solving these problems. Literature presents several search algorithms to find an item with specified properties from a search space defined by a mathematical formula or procedure. Recent works describe several optimization problems which were then solved by many optimization algorithms. The most recently introduced Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is one of the swarm intelligence algorithms, based on the intelligent foraging behavior of a honey bee swarm. It uses less control parameters, and it can be efficiently used for solving multimodal and multidimensional optimization problems. . ABC algorithm is now applied to defined-real time problems of the clustering process, medical image segmentation is done using clustering process by means of ABC algorithm. Data classification is the categorization of data for its most effective and efficient use. Data can be classified according to any criteria, not only relative importance or frequency of use. A well-planned data classification system makes essential data to find easily. ABC algorithm is now applied to classify the data effectively by training the neural network. This paper presents the review based on ABC models for various numerical optimizations and the significant works carried out so far by ABC models for image segmentation and data classification.

157-162

Authors: Zawiyah, Mohd Zain and 2Mohammad Agus, Yusoff

Democratization aspect is important around the world, in the era of knowledge and information technology as the public is better educated and thus has high expectations to the government. In Malaysia, although a general election is held once in five years to elect a government, it is necessary to enhance the democratic aspect from time to time to achieve a better practice of democracy. This article is to discuss the issue of democratization in Malaysia, specifically during Najib Razak‟s time. The main objective of this article is to study the extent of democratization process which has already taken place and to analyze the factors leading to this process. The research methodology used is qualitative. Data obtained through in-depth interview of informants from government political parties, opposition parties, non-governmental organizations and academics. Face-to-face non-structured interview method is used whereby informants may respond without limitations, while focus is still on the research issue. The result shows that: first, the democratization process during Najib Razak‟s premiership is positive when the government started to open up the democratic space. Some of the outcomes are improvement in general election process, more freedom for public expression with the repeal of the Internal Security Act 1960 (ISA), introduction of the Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 and amendments to the Universities and University Colleges Act 1971. Second, the government has accommodated the democratization process due to demands from pro-democracy groups for improvements in terms of politics, general elections, justice and freedom of expression. In conclusion, democratic system in Malaysia has not reached a commendable level because of certain restrictions, to the extent that some scholars in their analysis describe Malaysia as a semi-democracy. Thus, several pro-democracy groups have emerged to demand ongoing democratization through their campaigns, demonstrations, protests or even political campaigns. During Najib Razak‟s time government has met the demands of certain pro-democracy groups and boosted the democratic process in Malaysia

171-181

Authors: 1 J. Rejina Parvin and 2C.Vasanthanayaki

A novel method of data aggregation mechanism using mobile sink nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is proposed to improve the lifetime of the sensor nodes. The sink nodes are used in WSNs to gather the sensed data from the Cluster Heads; those are located far from the Base Station. Network lifetime is improved with the help of sink nodes by eliminating the overload of Cluster Heads. In the proposed work, nodes are allowed to form as clusters and no Cluster Head election is being done. Whereas, the operation of Cluster Heads is being taken care by the newly added mobile sink nodes to perform gathering the sensed data, aggregating it and communication operations. This results in improved lifetime of the sensor nodes. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is an optimization algorithm which is used for cluster formation and routing the data to achieve better throughput and network lifetime. Network Simulator too is used to simulate the existing as well as the proposed system. Results are compared for the proposed system of Mobile Aggregator Sink Nodes with the existing system in terms of packet delivery ratio, total energy consumption, control overhead and throughput. The results shows better performance of the proposed system and is discussed.

193-203

Authors: 1 I. Shahanaz Begumand 2Dr. G. Geetharamani

Now-a-days, all organizations have grown-up and outspread their boundaries with the help of web information. Usually, the front-endapplications are deployed on web servers to implement the web services. Several web attacks have been introduced against the processing of the web servers. Web servers can be vulnerable to numerous web attacks like Cross Site Scripting (XSS), Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF), and more. To address these problems, an effective and secure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is built to overwhelm the issues of web vulnerabilities. At first, the session is generated and the IDS monitors malicious activities of XSS and CSRF attacks. JBoss web server supports only limited and host-based policies that deny/allow access to the protected resources. These policies cannot report the suspicious activity and enhances the system protection. The URL is analyzed for session generation and it proceeds with the attestation and trusted computing. Attestation is the trustworthy mechanism, wherein the security is a major challenge associated with lack of trust and vulnerable to unauthorized access. To lead a trust environment, the proposed approach comprises of the enhanced access control mechanism to detect and prevent the web vulnerabilities. Finally, a monitoring application is developed to detect and filter all the vulnerabilities of the web application process. The experimental analysis exhibit higher throughput and lower latency than the existing techniques.

216-223

Authors: 1K. Thulasimani, 2Dr. K.G. Srinivasagan, 1T.K. Renugha

Pedestrian detection is the process of identifying and detecting a human from an image or video stream. In computer vision, it is a challenging process but an important subject in video surveillance system. The proposed method for pedestrian detection consists of Histogram of Optical Flow (HOF), the features of Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and a simple linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Using background subtraction algorithm, the foreground and background of the video frame are segmented from which the moving object is extracted from a video frame. Two consecutive frame are split into 16 x 16 pixels grid cells. In each , affine transformation is applied and the corresponding cell in the consecutive of atleast three corresponding frames. Finally the confirmed optical flows are extracted from the consecutive frames. The histogram of gradient features are extracted from the local region which are given as a input of support vector machine. The SVM classify the features of histogram of gradient and detect the pedestrian from the moving object. The experimental results were obtained from real time video are provided which demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

232-240

Authors: Mrs. M. Ponni and 2Dr. R. Baskar

The thermal performance of a building in usage depends on design variables, material properties, weather data and a building’s usage data. For a particular design, thermal performance of a building strongly depends on the major building elements, roof and wall. The solar radiations reaching the roof and wall heat them. The received thermal energy by the roof and walls is distributed over the surface area. Thermal distribution depends on the outdoor temperature. The roof and walls become the secondary sources of heat. The conducted and radiated thermal energy through roof and walls are transmitted to the inside of the building. The energy received by the indoor results in the indoor temperature. The indoor temperature of a building, leads to the conclusion of the comfort or the discomfort of the occupants. Whether the heat energy transmitted by the roof or wall are equally distributed or not is the inquiry of this study. In this study roof or wall surface is divided into three equal parts and they are named as Upper, Middle and Lower parts. Six experimental modules were constructed for this study and they were named as SID, DOD, PUD, OAS, OGS and RCC. The SID, DOD, PUD and RCC modules were built with same type of walls and with different types of roofing systems. The OAS and OGS modules are constructed with the same type of material for roof and walls. Thermal measurements of roof and walls were recorded for the summer season of 2014. These modules adopt passive approach. It is noticed that the three parts of roof and walls showed different temperatures. It was distinct in the case of SID, OAS and OGS roofs and walls, than the DOD and PUD modules. Regarding RCC module, different parts roof and the walls showed a very little variation. DOD and PUD module’s roof and walls showed a uniform variation.

250-259

Authors: 1Aline Bortolotto Cardoso and 2 Fabiano Maury Raupp

This study presents a financial planning proposal for a company provider of internet via radio. This is a descriptive research, carried out through a case study, with quantitative and qualitative approach. For data collection visits were made to the company, in addition to the collection of printed and electronic documents. It was possible to analyze the past and the present of the organization through a descriptive analysis so as to work on future projections. As a result, a proposal of financial planning for 2015 was prepared based on the estimates of revenue, provision of services, and operating expenses generating the instruments already mentioned. Thus, the organization studied can, from the results obtained in the study, develop its financial management, contributing to the decision-making.

269-276

Authors: 1Dr. D. Shalini Punithavathani and 2K. Sujatha

Background: Visualization of HDR images on standard LDR Displays, Tone mapping Operators (TMO) provide useful tools as convertors to convert high dynamic range images to Low dynamic range image. The high Quality tone mapping technique is what is used to display the high contrast image on devices with limited dynamic range of luminance values. To improve the contrast in dark areas, changes has to be done to the gamma correction procedure which improves the quality of the images while visualized in the LDR device. Objective: This paper demonstrates the study of various tone mapping operators for both still images and video. Results: The temporal artifacts such as flickering and goasting are exemplified in video processing by applying the appropriate tone mapping operator. Conclusion: This paper explores the various methods available for still and video.

292-303

Authors: 1G. Devika and 2Dr. S. Parthasarathy

Image classification is playing a vital role in the field of remote sensing, image analysis, pattern recognition, etc. Satellite images provide vital support to various scientific knowledge and technical applications and moreover it is an essential segment of graphic communication in the media. Hence, classification of satellite images has become an active research area in the field of image processing. Conventional classification approaches are inappropriate to handle complex high resolution satellite data. Several authors have studied classification methods for satellite images and most of the methods provide insignificant accuracy and results. This paper presents a novel image classification technique using an efficient machine learning technique. Support Vector Machine has been widely used in the classification purpose because of its efficient generalized property. This research work uses an improved Kernel version of Support Vector Machine with Fast Training . In order to improve the efficiency of the SVM, SVM is trained using a novel algorithm. Fuzzy-topology is than integrated with SVM classification method for remotely sensed images based on the standard SVM

311-322

Authors: M. Danasekar and 2Dr.V. Venkatachalam

In today‟s Internet traffic packet loss due to congestion is the most important issue. An Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithm can reduce the packet loss in the Internet. AQM works at routers to control the congestion, where the packets may be dropped before queue become full. In this paper An Efficient AQM algorithm is implemented to overcome loss of the packet and provide high throughput for reliable communication in an Internet. Packet Loss can be reduced by tuning the arrival rate of the incoming packets based on queue size in receiver side. The main objective of an Efficient AQM algorithm is to control the flow rate, low packet loss as well as indicating status of the receiver queue size using QS bit. On receiving the QS bit, sender has to control the sending rate in order to avoid the packet loss

331-338

Authors: 1Zaid A Hasan, 2 Shatha S Al-azzawi, 2Manal M Abdullah

Liquid crystals are state of substance possesses characteristics between traditional liquid and crystallization. For instance, perhaps liquid crystal away similar to the crystals. There are different types of crystal in the liquid phase .In this research has been the use of high refractive birefringence as well as (UCF), the study of the influence of temperature on the refractive indices at wavelength (623.8 nm), and room temperature. In addition, we used the four – parameters model to study this case, and compared between the experimental results with theoretical. This study is showed, when the temperature increases the ordinary refractive indices (no) increases. And both the extraordinary refractive indices (ne), optical anisotropy (birefringence Δ n) are decreases, also we find the order parameter (S) decreased as the temperature is increased

346-361

Authors: 1Neveen M. El-Sherif, 2Wael B. El-Kholy

Background: Fluoride has long been recognized as one of the best health measures in the prevention of dental caries. Excessive exposure to fluoride may induce undesirable effects on various body organs. The nigella sativa was reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: To investigate the possible histological and immunohistochemical changes in the frontal cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus and cerebellum of sodium fluoride (NaF) intoxicated adult male albino rat and evaluate the possible protective role of nigella sativa oil (NSO). Materials and methods: Twenty adult male albino rats weighing 150–200g were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, NSO treated (2 ml/kg/day), NaF treated (20 mg/kg /day) and protected (NaF+NSO). At the end of experiment (4 weeks) the frontal cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus and cerebellum were processed for light microscopic examination. Quantitative immunohistochemical assessment and statistical analysis of the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), Bax protein, Bcl-2 protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed. Results: Our results revealed the protective role of NSO on NaF neurotoxicity via reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. In addition, this study revealed that the beneficial effect of NSO was also mediated by modulating the astroglial response to the injury. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to sodium fluoride results in neurotoxicity. Furthermore, combined nigella sativa oil supplementation has an ameliorating effect on these changes.

368-374

Authors: Alycia Sebastian and 2Dr. K. Siva Sankar

The growth in semiconductor technology has introduced storage devices with faster access time which leads to the design of different boot mechanisms to optimize the boot time of the operating system. The Boot Loader is the most crucial program for the initialization of the operating system. Whether it is PC, embedded system or smart phone its concept is same i.e., loading of OS. The boot process may either run from local hard disk or from external memory storage like USB memory, optical disk or network interface card with user interaction. This paper intends to explore the boot loading process and analyze the different ways of boot loading the system and discuss the need to dynamically boot load the OS from external storage to optimize the booting time of the OS. This paper shows the design of a dynamic Boot Loader to automatically identify the Live USB to remove the dependency on BIOS and lower the boot time of OS.