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К ВОПРОСУ О ПАРЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦАХ ТАБАСАРАНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Maria A. Gasanova, Luisa Ya. Taibova
Number of views: 592
Folklore is an important segment of a linguistic picture of the world and is a part of culture of
any nation. Paremiological units have been objects of linguistic research already. Due to complexity
of their sign nature and ethnocultural originality, they have been studied in various aspects. Attempts
to reveal steady criteria for differentiation between paremiological units were made in works of such
researchers as V. I. Dahl, A. A. Potebnya, I. M. Snegirev, F. I. Buslayev, A. A. Molotkov, V. P. Zhukov,
V. M. Mokiyenko, N. M. Shansky, Z. K. Tarlanov, etc. But the issue on differentiation between the
terms ‘saying’ and ‘proverb’ still remains contestable in present-day linguistics. Some researchers
(V. P. Adrianova-Peretts, I. E. Anikov, etc.) suggest not to differentiate between ‘saying’ and ‘proverb’
uniting them under one single term ‘paroemia’ (a paremiological unit). Perhaps, from the perspective
of linguoculturology such differentiation is also not basic. But nevertheless, most researchers
(Z. K. Tarlanov, L. G. Permyakov, Yu. P. Solodub, etc.) insisted on such differentiation. The article
deals with the problem of differentiation between ‘saying’ and ‘proverb’ and determination of their
linguistic status. Within a ‘broad’ understanding of phraseology, paremiological units can be also be
viewed as part of the latter. Researchers have repeatedly noted than proverbs and sayings are the main
source of phraseological units which often originate from reduced paroemias. In a general sense,
distinctive marks, riddles, beliefs, superstitions, folksays, humorous sayings and tongue twisters
are also — together with proverbs and sayings — designated as paroemias. Interdisciplinary nature
of paremiological units should be noted as well. In domestic linguistics, proverbs and sayings are
studied from the perspectives of folklore — as a minor genre of oral lore. Paroemias are considered
in the contexts of both literary studies and linguistics. In recent years, paremiological units have
become objects of numerous linguoculturological research studies within which those are viewed
as microfragments of a linguistic picture of the world. In terms of linguistics, the criteria that lie at
the root of differentiation between proverbs and sayings are as follows: semantic criterion, syntactic
one, criterion of presence / absence of a fi gurative meaning. Interdisciplinary nature of paroemias
is emphasized. The analysis of scientifi c literature on the topic under consideration allowed to
identify the following distinctive features of proverbs and sayings: 1) proverbs are didactic by nature;
2) sayings contain no direct didactic message and are characterized by fi gurativeness of expression;
3) sayings depict features of events, a person or actions; 4) proverbs are expressed by narrative and
hortatory sentences but do not take the form of interrogative ones; 5) sayings are expressed by not
only narrative but also interrogative and exclamatory sentences; 6) the aspect of generality in the
considered paremiological units is conveyed differently; 7) within a saying generality is occasional
and is determined by actual functional and communicative conditions. The article provides a variety
of viewpoints on the presented problem, describes the main features of proverbs and sayings and
attempts to reveal structural and functional similarities and differences of the concepts.