Sci-Afric Journal of Scientific Issues, Research and Essays

Number 01-14, 2013

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Ciprofloxacin resistance among members of Enterobacteriaceae Family in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Authors: R.C. Reuben and G. Owuna

Abstract

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Ciprofloxacin is known to be a very effective and a commonly used drug in the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections, an increasing trend of resistance to the drug has been noted. This work sought to determine the prevalence of Ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of some selected members of the Enterobacterinceae family, and to determine the general degree of susceptibility of some enterobacterial isolates to some other antibiotics. Fifty (50) clinical enterobacterial isolates of E. coli (30), Enterobacter spp (10) and Proteus spp (10) were sampled from Agu hospital using purposive sampling technique and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using the agar disc diffusion technique. Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin resistance among the isolates was 16% (8). Three (10%) of E. coli, 4 (40%) of Enterobacter spp and 1(10%) Proteus spp were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. High susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates was demonstrated with Ampicillin (87.5%), to a lesser degree 62.5% with Gentamicin and Nalidixic acid and moderately 50.0% for Peflacine. This suggests that frequent exposure to antibiotics is a major predisposing factor for resistance and there are indications of their spread among other species other than E. coli, Enterobacter and Proteus.

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Study of water quality during rainy season using physico-chemical and metallic parameters of Senegal River in Mauritania

Authors: Abdoulaye Demba N’Diaye, Mohamed Brahim EL KORY and Mohamed Ould Sid’ Ahmed Ould Kankou

Abstract

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The environmental quality is greatly focused on water because of its importance in maintaining the human health and health of the ecosystem. Study of Rainy Seasonal Physicochemical and metallic parameters in Senegal River in Mauritania was carried out between August and September 2012. The water quality was studied at four sites around Rosso City in Mauritania. The parameters measured include: Temperature (T), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Chloride (Cl-), Nitrates (NO3-), Nitrites (NO2-), Ammonia (NH4+), Orthophosphates (PO43-), Oxidizables Matters (OM), iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Cupper (Cu), Aluminium (Al) and lead (Pb). The values of the measured parameters were compared with WHO standards for drinking water quality. The findings show that all the physicochemical and metallic parameters measured were within the tolerable values except turbidity, orthophosphates, nitrites, ammonia, Aluminum and Cupper. The highest levels of turbidity, orthophosphates, nitrites, ammonia Aluminum and Cupper observed in the Senegal River are respectively 346 NTU, 7.9 mg/L, 0.65 mg/L, 1.12 mg/L, We can say tthat he water from Senegal River is affected by the natural processes during the rainy season as well as anthropogenic influences from domestic wastewater and agricultural activities. Therefore, frequent monitoring of physicochemical parameters of Senegal River water resources is imperative.