Tyragetia

19-28

Authors: Lyubov Klochko

The study analyzes the Scythian women's headwear based on the discoveries in Scythian barrows with female burials. By decorative elements there were identified several types of headwear. As a rule, they were worn by representatives of aristocratic layers of society and highlighted their social status. Despite the diversity of decorative elements it can be noted a common element for all the head-dresses - the representation of the fertility goddess.

53-68

Authors: Nikolai Anisiutkin, Serghei Covalenco, Alisa Larionova, Alexandr Ocherednoi, Xenia Stepanova, Andrei Chepalyga

The article is devoted to preliminary results of comprehensive research of the Early Paleolithic site of Bairaki, which was discovered in 2010 and investigated in 2011-2012. The work was conducted by a team of specialists from Russia and Republic of Moldova, including archaeologists (IHMC RAS, St. Petersburg; Institute of Cultural Heritage, ASM), geologists and paleogeographers (Institute of Geography and Geology RAS, Moscow). In the site there were found several layers of archaeological and paleontological finds associated with ancient deposits of the high 7th terrace above the flood plain of the Dniester. According to the stratigraphy, there were two complexes - the early and the late. The first is associated with alluvial deposits, and the second - with the overlying ancient fossil soils. A few finds of the late complex are comparable to the stone artifacts of the "Dubăsari industry", the variety of regional Acheulian (500-700 thousands years old). More numerous finds of the early complex date back to the Late Eopleistocene (0.8-1.2 million years old), corresponding to the developed or classic Oldowan of Africa and Eurasia.

75-96

Authors: Mihaela-Maria Barbu

Cet article vise à discuter en détail un composant important, mais rarement pris en compte, de l'économie de toutes les communautés préhistoriques, à savoir l'industrie lithique taillée. Des outils en pierre taillée étaient l'apanage des populations humaines depuis leur apparition. Les gens ont fait des roches diverses les outils et les armes dont ils avaient besoin pour suivre. Les communautés préhistoriques n'abandonnent pas la pierre comme matière première pas même en énéolithique, quand se développe la métallurgie du cuivre. Une preuve c'est le matériel lithique découvert en l'habitat énéolithique Tiszapolgár de Şoimuş 2 - Lângă sat. Il comprend un certain nombre d'outils: des éléments composants pour les faucilles (des pièces avec lustre végétal), des pièces avec traces de ternissement, des lames retouchées et non-retouchées, des gratoirs, des racloirs, un couteau, un perçoir, des éclats retouchées et non-retouchées. Ces outilages diverses montrent l'importance octroyée à la taille de pierre. Deux pointes de flèches rélèvent la chasse et/ou des activités bellicistes. Les nombreux débris indiquent la taille de pierre dans l'habitat, après avoir préalablement recueillir la matière première: les roches pour débiter. Ils sont de plusieurs types et de plusieurs sources: locales et d'import: silex, jaspe, menilite, quartzite, quartz, argilite, calcaire siliceux, grès siliceuse, obsidienne et chaille.

125-132

Authors: Mariana Vasilache

Pour la mésopotamie d'entre Prut et Nistru on connait 99 points encadrées dans la prémiere phase de développement, l'étape Cucuteni A. De ce nombre, seulement 14 ont déjà été étudiés. Les premières investigations dans un établissement cucutenien dans l'interfluve Prut-Dniestr ont été organisée en 1893 à Şipeniţ, Bucovine et ils continuent, avec quelques interruptions, jusqu'à nos jours. Dans les stations où des fouilles considérables ont été déployés ont été identifiées des fortifications. Il s'agit des restes d'établissements situées dans des lieus naturellement fortifiées, traces des logements enterées or construites sur la surface. L'habitat cucutenien de l'étape A du territoire de la Moldavie, sous tous ses aspects, s'intègre parfaitement équilibré dans la complex Ariusd-Cucuteni-Tripolye, apportant une note personnelle et spécifique à cette grande civilisation.

145-156

Authors: Eugen Mistreanu

The article presents a set of objects, which came from a new settlement of the Gumelniţa culture. The archaeological collection consists of working tools, ceramic fragments and an anthropomorphic figurine fragment. Settlement from Chioselia Mare was identified at 3.5 km north-west from the church of Chioselia Mare village and 1,9 km west of the road between Chioselia Mare village, Cahul District and Cîietu village, Cantemir District. According to preliminary investigations, this settlement is the northernmost site of the Gumelniţa culture on the territory of the Republic of Moldova.

163-188

Authors: Mariana Sîrbu

As a result of archaeological research, which are carried out from 1950s to the present in the Prut-Dniester area, in the settlements, as well as through random findings, it was found about 412 artifacts of stone (scrapers, fragments of mills, discs, polishers, casting moulds, axes, etc.) and 129 ones of flint (hammerstones, knives, arrowheads, blades) relating to the Noua-Sabatinovka type. The article presents the categories of lithic objects and attempts to clarify their attribution.

205-218

Authors: Mariana Sîrbu

In the summer of 2011 S.P. Bakhov, a resident of the Antoneşti village (Cantemir District), proposed to the specialists of the archaeological sector of the National Museum of Archaeology and History of Moldova several objects of bronze for the acquisition by the museum. According to information provided by S.P. Bakhov, the objects were found on the edge of a ravine situated near the village cemetery. By the discoverer, the objects emerged as a result of collapse of the soil. When checking the place of discovery, experts observed traces of the gradual collapses of the ravine banks. The hoard consists of 36 bronze objects: tools (2 whole and 11 fragmentary), arms (2 whole and 5 fragmentary) and ornaments (10 whole and 6 fragmentary). By its composition the hoard found at the village of Antoneşti in Cantemir District corresponds to other findings of bronze objects in the Carpathian-Dniester space dated between Br.D - early Ha A1. Sickles of Heleşteni type, calotiform plaques, shapes of daggers' handles and needles attribute the Antoneşti hoard to the Noua culture. The hoard represents a complex material collected during a long period of time, accumulated during BrD and buried, possibly, in the early Ha A1. The importance of the Antoneşti hoard's composite spectrum is in the presence of unique items that have no analogues for the moment.

293-295

Authors: Natalia Mateevici

The article presents information on a Greek amphora of Chios production, which was randomly found in the former mechanical plant in Dubăsari. This amphora recently entered the museum's collection. It belongs to the early Chios amphorae with swollen neck of so-called type III B, which according to the classification of Monakhov are dated back to the first half of the 5th century BC. This amphora is of a certain interest, because it is currently the only whole specimen of that type in the territory of the Republic of Moldova, and it also provides additional information to create a complete picture of the development of trade between the Greek poleis and local communities in the region.

311-328

Authors: Octavian Munteanu

La fortification Horodca Mică est située dans la zone centrale de l'espace pruto-dniesterien, aux environs des sources de la rivière Botna, et elle est devenue objet des recherches systématiques depuis 2006. Plusieurs des résultats obtenus depuis cette date on été publiés entre temps. On compte parmi ceux-ci une étude concernant les éléments défensifs de la forteresse, où l'on a mis en avant l'hypothèse d'une fortification par étapes, du promontoire, alternées avec des destructions périodiques. Au départ, on avait plus insisté sur la première phase d'édification du système défensif, en décrivant ses éléments constitutifs, les techniques utilisées dans le processus d'édification, mais aussi l'évolution de la fortification même, jusqu'au dévastateur incendie qui a écroulé la construction défensive. Dans cet article on a repris le débat portant sur le système défensif. L'hypothèse sur laquelle on se fonde admet l'existence de trois autres phases de refortification du même espace, suite à la première destruction. Pour l'argumentaire de ce point de vue on s'est proposé de présenter dans un premier temps, le tableau des observations objectives, enregistrées sur le terrain, et dans un deuxième temps, partant de ces observations, offrir une explication de la vision que nous avons construit. Cette analyse porte y compris sur les modalités d'édification du système défensif dans chacune des phases identifiées, sur les techniques et matériaux utilisés, ainsi que des raisonnements concernant les repères chronologiques. On est donc d'avis que dans ces phases ultérieures de fortification du promontoire, a été procédé de la même manière que dans la première : un fossé a été creusé (en réalité c'est l'ancien qui a été étendu en largeur), derrière a été montée une palissade complexe, en bois (sur le sommet même de la vague constituée suite à l'écroulement de la construction de la phase précédente), remplie avec de la terre excavée du fossé. Dans la situation crée, la berme utilisée dans la première phase d'édification du système défensif, n'y trouvait plus sa place. Ainsi, on estime que la délimitation du fossé proprement-dit, depuis l'intérieur, doit être fixée par rapport à la palissade. De cette manière, des barrières solides ont pu être créées, qui, dû à leurs dimensions impressionnantes, ont protégé à plusieurs reprises la population de ces espaces, dans les siècles V à III a. Chr.

335-344

Authors: Elena Fialko, Yurii Boltryk

In Northern Black Sea steppes were excavated more than three thousand Scythian burial mounds. In the studied burials were discovered large quantities of artifacts, but leather and textile items are preserved only in a few cases. Some ideas about Scythian costume are found in the works of Greek authors. In this regard, extremely important is the funerary complex dated with the 4th century BC, discovered in barrow Vishnevaja Moghila (Zaporizhia region, Ukraine). In the crypt, which remained undisturbed over time, was found a burial of a Scythian girl. The unique condition of preservation of the textiles and leather findings allowed reconstructing the entire costume of the Scythian. It consisted of six layers of clothing. Various pieces of clothing were made from different materials: white linen cloth, orange satin fabric, reddish-brown fur, black cloth, fur, red skin. This discovery is one of a kind in the Northern Black Sea region, which is currently a reference example of female costume of early nomads of the region.

355-368

Authors: Kirill Myzgin

The spread of Roman coins in the territory of the Chernyakhov culture is different in different regions. The article is devoted to the study of this issue in the forest-steppe of the left bank of the Dnieper. Systematic study of ancient coins began here in the early 20th century, but has been intensified in the last years. Currently, there is known not less than about 208 of find spots of Roman coins with a total of not less than 8150 copies (at least 390 single finds and at least 7760 coins in the hoards). The largest group consists of coins of the 1st - 2nd centuries AD coinage. Most numismatic finds of the 3rd century AD are presented by coins of Asia Minor coinage. Finds of coins of the 4th - first half of 5th centuries AD are uncommon for the region.

381-388

Authors: Vladimir Sitnik, Valentin Lebedev

The ancient settlement of Nizhny Dzhulat is located on the right bank of the Terek River near the town of Maysky in Kabardino-Balkaria. A large amount of the Golden Horde coins was found there by locals during agricultural work. The authors obtained electronic images of coins found in 2010-2012. In this paper they summarize the results of the study of copper coins from the Nizhny Dzhulat complex. Based on the dated coins, the chronology of copper coins covers 100-year period from 1420s to 1520s. In the complex there are many rare and unpublished types and variants for coins, 16 of which are described in the article. Copper coinage of Djanibek II presents two new types and ten new variants. There were considered seven types of Haji-Tarkhan coins, including the unreleased dated type of "Animals at the trough" of 805 AH. Horde minted al- Jadid's coins are presented here with two types of animalistic symbolism and with a review of the unreleased coin with tamga "glasses" of Emir Ibrahim al-Jadid's coinage of 777 AH.

397-403

Authors: Ana Boldureanu

The author continues to record monetary findings on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. The current edition introduces the coins acquired in the second half of 2012 and the first half of 2013. The earliest of these is a Greek issue of „Larissa" found in the village of Talmaza, Ştefan Vodă District. This is the second coin of this kind discovered on the territory of Moldova. There are presented three hoards of the Roman era, one of them with the place of discovery. There are given the new places of discovery of coins belonging to the medieval period: the villages of Balinţi (Soroca District), Marinici (Călăraşi District), and Soloneţ (Soroca District).

409-419

Authors: Natalia Mateevici

The article is devoted to a critical analysis of the article by A. Levinschi "Греческие амфоры на гетских памятниках лесостепи Днестровско-Прутского междуречья - центры и ритмы поступления (Greek amphorae on Getae sites in the forest-steppe area between the rivers of Dniester and Prut - centers and rhythms of delivery)" published in the journal "Stratum plus" № 3 for 2013. The author of this work, not being a specialist in ancient times and Greek amphorae in particular, using for his own scientific research our monograph "Amforele greceşti în mediul barbar din nord-vestul Pontului Euxin în sec. VI - începutul sec. II a. Chr. (Greek Amphorae in the Barbarian World of the Northwestern Coast of Pontus Euxinus in the 6th - Early 2nd Centuries BC)" (Chişinău 2007), decided to revise the dating of Greek imports in the barbarian world of Getae, trying to convince us, the professionals, and perhaps himself, that the spread of Greek imports (including amphorae) in the Getae environment refers only to the time interval limited by the 6th - late 4th centuries BC. The effort to prove this timing has become for A. Levinschi "a matter of his scientific life", and he persistently tries to bring his scientific research under this framework. In this article we have tried to comment page by page those arguments that we consider not only wrong, but obviously biased, and which are explained, apparently, not only by ignorance of the specifics of Greek amphorae and their epigraphy and by insufficient knowledge of the professional literature, but also by the fact that the author of the paper under review has analyzed not the material itself but only its illustrations.