Tyragetia

9-28

Authors: Lilia Zabolotnaia

The matter of Maria (Lupu) Radziwiłł’s will is one of little-known questions. Usually this issue was considered by historians in the context of property of the Radziwill family, or used by writers in literary fiction that gave rise to many myths. In this article the author examines this question in several ways: 1) The property brought by Maria (Lupu) Radziwiłł, a daughter of Vasile Lupu, as a dowry; 2) Wiano and wedding gifts; 3) Awards of Polish kings for life ownership of real property; 4) The property of her husband. The amount of the dowry of Maria is not exactly known, but according to documentary evidence, it numbered from 600,000 to 2000,000 zlotys: 450 thousand in money and 150 thousand in jewels (gold and silver). Besides, she received six starostwos (territorial units) for life tenure.

51-78

Authors: Emil Dragnev

The frescoes of the St. George Metropolitan Church of Suceava, painted inside and outside in 1534, until now have been studied only partly. In the hereby study we aim an iconographic consideration of the paintings within the vaulting system of the nave. Special attention is paid to the registers of prophets and apostles inside the tholobate, which display several important peculiarities. In the superior register are represented 12 Minor Prophets and 3 Major Prophets, to which prophets Elijah and David are added. Surprisingly, the fourth Major Prophet, Jeremiah, is missing, instead of him, even more surprisingly, being represented Naboth the Israelite - the single image of this character within the register of prophets during the Byzantine and Post-Byzantine epoch. In the case of this unexpected insertion, we have attempted to draw several interpretation tracks, connected with the historical realities of the epoch. The inferior register also contains an uncommon mixture, including eight figures of apostles and prophets each, as well as a little habitual practice of endowing the apostles with texts written on rotuli. The study draws a repertory of the inscriptions from the rotuli of prophets and apostles, which are analyzed from the perspective of the practices in this field from the Byzantine and Post-Byzantine art, as well as in the context of their liturgical implications. At the same time, the author presented the inscriptions on the rotuli of prophets from the Dodecaorton (The Great Feasts) from the soffit of the oblique arches, trying also to establish a relationship between the prophetical registers of the St. George Church of Suceava and the evolutions of these registers in the Moldavian art from the 15th -16th centuries.

91-104

Authors: Lăcrămioara Manea

One of the factors which contributed to the support of the Romanians and their culture in Bessarabia was the Church, and Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni (born 1746 <1750?> died 1821, ChiТinău) was deeply aware of it, bringing the area between the Prut and Dniester to the consciousness and spirituality of the Romanian space before and especially after 1812. In 1808-1812, after his appointment as a member of the Holy Synod of St. Petersburg and exarch of Moldavia and Wallachia (March 27 1808), in terms of establishing a Russian military occupation regime in the Romanian principalities, the great hierarch initiated the cultural program for the dissemination of Romanian books published in Moldavian printing centers (Iaşi, Neamţ). He successfully led the Archdiocese of Moldavia prior to the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest on May 16, 1812. As a patron, editor, preface writer and translator, Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni published several Romanian books during this Northern Dobrudja period. Copies of some publications we found in the secular and monastic collections in Northern Dobrudja.

123-132

Authors: Cristina Gherasim

The given article, based on unpublished archival documents and monographic studies, discusses aspects of implementation of the Russian educational system in Bessarabia. The imperial policy promoted in the newly annexed territory tended to centralize and standardize the administrative system. The main objective of this policy in the field of culture was forced Russification of the autochthonous population, which involved the removal and destruction of national traditions to enhance the process of assimilation of the natives. One of the means to achieve this aim was the policy of education.

143-154

Authors: Dinu Poştarencu

The article presents a series of biographical information about Ioan Halippa, Bessarabian historian, archivist and editor. There is given information on the ancestry of the scientist. There is verified the date of his birth: he was not born January 4, 1871, as it was known so far, but January 7, 1871 (Old Style). The article also contains other data of his biography, in particular about the police surveillance over his activities and the double reassignment from Bessarabia into other regions of the Russian Empire. It describes his work as a historian and archivist. At the end of the article there are attached two articles on Ioan Halippa's dismissal from the post of inspector of schools, which were published in Chisinau newspapers in 1910.

167-171

Authors: Vera Stoianova

The paper represents the first musicological experience of research on the succession of the performing and pedagogical traditions of the St. Petersburg Conservatory by natives of Bessarabia. It is based on materials from the St. Petersburg State Conservatory archive and collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova. In the late 19th - early 20th centuries talented Moldavians got the opportunity to get professional music education in the first Russian Conservatory founded by Anton Rubinstein. After graduating from the Conservatory, many of the Bessarabians returned home, becoming the successors of St. Petersburg's cultural traditions and the founders of the national performing school. Among them there are L. Lypkovskaya, Ju. Guz, A. Stadnitskaya, M. Pester, G. Yatsentkovsky, Z. Boldur, K. Fainstein, and M. Daylis, whose names are included in the golden fund of Moldavian culture.

179-184

Authors: Jerzy Hatłas, Marek Żyromski

The article reflects the main bibliographical aspects of priest and illuminist of Gagauz origin Mihail Ciachir, who influenced substantially the self-identification process and the formation of national consciousness of Gagauz people. The personality and achievements of this prominent figure are analyzed in context of ethnic origin and history of Gagauzians. According to some authors, there are two periods in the establishment of Gagauzians and separation from their “Bulgarians settlers”. The first period includes the separation of Gagauzians from Bulgarians and the "creation" of this ethnic group by Romanian authorities, then by the Soviets, based on political reasons and using the principle of "divide et impera" to weaken the Bulgarian diaspora in Bessarabia. The second period is characterized by the awakening of national consciousness under the influence of Gagauz intellectuals.

191-201

Authors: Maria Danilov

For a century since the beginning of the First World War the attention of Romanian and foreign historians was focused on the issues related to the period of neutrality of Romania, the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest by the second Crown Council (14/27 August 1916), and other issues related to the major events of that war. However, it is particularly important to undertake a re-inventorying of the initial sources and to understand how the negotiations on the issue of Bessarabia were conducted from the perspective of Russian and the Central Powers diplomacies in 1914-1916. The importance of research is increased by the fact that at the time the negotiations were held this issue wasn't a reference point for the Romanian diplomacy.

227-238

Authors: Ion Chirtoagă

The article elucidates the negative impact of the First World War on the development of population in Bessarabia using the example of the Nisporeni village. As a result of the urgent measures taken by the local Romanian authorities, the spread of contagious diseases was stopped. The birth rate has increased, the mortality rate dropped and population growth became positive.

249-257

Authors: Nicolae Fuştei

Normalization of relations between the Church and the State during the war led to the need to create a special body to establish relations between the State and the Russian Orthodox Church. Therefore, in August 1943 the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church attached to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formed. G. Karpov, a former member of the Soviet KGB, was appointed the head of the new body. Managing staff of the Council was picked from a list of party nomenclature. The Council was located in Moscow, Kropotkin Street, on the second floor of the building No. 20. Soon, the number of employees of this body has increased significantly.

271-281

Authors: Marius Tărîţă

Archival documents concerning the 3rd Republican Conference of Young Writers of the Moldavian SSR show that in 1957 it was possible to speak of a new generation in the Moldavian literature. This generation of writers was characterized by sincerity, enthusiasm, romanticism, and even elements of symbolism. Childhood, youth, studentship, and nature were among the preferred subjects of their literary works. For this reason, the "old" writers criticized them for their "isolation from today". Young writers found major support in the newspapers, especially "Tinerimea Moldovei" and "Molodezh Moldavii". Cărare, Fridman, Talpă, Busuioc, Boţu and Gheorghiu argued the need for publication of a special journal of young writers. It was reflected in the resolution of the conference, but the Writers' Union did not put into practice the idea.

291-314

Authors: Yuri Pyatnitsky

In 2011, a monograph long anticipated by art historians with an expertise in Old Russian and Byzantine art was published by Ljudmila Pekarska. The main subject of the monograph - the history of a hoard of jewellery found in Kiev in 1906, and as luck would have it is today divided between the British Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The author, however, did not limit her study to the analysis of objects from this hoard. She used an extensive amount of comparative materials from collections in many Western, Ukrainian, and Russian museums. L. Pekarska focuses mainly on the cloisonné enamels, an impressive example of exquisite medieval luxury. Welcoming the publication of this book, and being interested in the research, as well as its author, I do not envy the hard work that it would take for a person to write a scholarly review on this publication.

335-352

Authors: Ana Griţco

This article is the result of research of the museum's collection of postcards on the theme of the First World War, which was carried out in connection with the centenary since the war began. At the present stage of the evolution of historical science a special role belongs to the documentary sources that had previously been "less required", including illustrated postcards. At the beginning of the 20th century postcards know peak of their evolution. Being very popular, mobile and accessible, during the war they fulfilled several functions. In addition to performing the functions of postal items, they become an accessible form of propaganda and a source of supplementing military budget.

359-374

Authors: Adelaida Chiroşca

The theme of the Dormition is reflected in the five icons from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova. Feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God, falling on August 15, is celebrated for a long time; according to some sources, it was officially established in 582. The canonical composition of the icons of the Theotokos was formed after the restoration of the veneration of icons, when the Church overcome heresy and consolidated the basic theological provisions. Initially the scenes were laconic, with a small number of characters; thereafter these iconographic compositions develop into complex patterns with a variety of characters and attributes. Icons of the Dormition from the museum's collection belong to the 18th early 20th centuries, and most of them represent the traditional iconographic patterns arranged both horizontally and vertically.

383-386

Authors: Ana Griţco

The National Museum of History of Moldova has organized the temporary exhibition "The Great War. Photographic documents", which had been presented on the 1st floor hall between July 31, 2014 and September 22, 2014. The exhibition was part of the international commemoration of the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War. It brought together over a hundred exhibits, mostly photographs of the time, supplemented by documents, postcards, maps and newspapers discovered in the course of research of the museum collection of documents and photographs.

393-400

Authors: Elena Ploşniţa

Today the museum as an institution serving society is recognized as one of the largest educational and cultural resources, open to the public and having a huge impact on people. But nowadays the museum is also perceived as the market of cultural values. The activities of the modern museums are increasingly measured by economic criteria: profitability, efficiency, number of visitors, the cost of a visit, demand, cultural product, etc. And this happens not only in USA or Western Europe, but throughout the world, including the Republic of Moldova. In order to survive in the society of market economy, museums use marketing strategy, and marketing is increasingly seen as a very useful tool for the successful execution of their duties in the public interest. The purpose of marketing is to attract visitors by finding the best ways to meet their needs and desires. Since the entrance to most museums is paid, the author of this article examines the marketing function of a museum ticket as a museum product. For analysis several tickets of the museums of the Republic of Moldova, as well as from a number of European countries were taken. The objectives of the museum ticket are the same everywhere: little information for visitors, promotion of the museum, the museum advertising, and so on. Its development is a complex process that must be monitored and evaluated step by step. In fact, the ticket is a document of strict accountability, containing several mandatory attributes such as name, logo of the museum, contact information, and so on. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that the ticket can do a lot of marketing functions: to promote the museum, to inform visitors, to promote public relations, act as a souvenir. One of the main functions of an entrance ticket is communication.