Hygeia journal for drugs and medicines

1-15

Authors: Balamani* & M. Sekar

Aspirinamino acid amides 1(a-f), Aspirin dipeptide amides 2(a-f). tripeptide amides 3(a-f) and tetrapeptide amides 4a and 4c were Synthesized. The synthesis of dipeptide amides were carried out in solution by stepwise elongation of the peptide chain from the C-terminal amino acid by coupling one amino acid at a time using DCC/HOBt method. The analgesic activity was studied by the acetic acid induced writhing test. From the mean writing values, it is evident that the entire sequence of the tetrapeptide amide namely, Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2 is essential for the observed analgesic activity of compound A. And, the entire sequence of the tetrapeptide amide namely, Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH2 is essential for the observed analgesic activity of compound C. The decrease in analgesic activity of these compounds is in the order, aspirin tripeptide amides > aspirin dipeptide amides > aspirin amino acid amides.

16-18

Authors: S. Mondal*, H. Ramana and P. Suresh.

The present study reports anthelmintic activity of various extracts of the bark of Neolamarckiacadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (Family: Rubiaceae) against Indian earthworms Pheritima posthuma. The results revealed that that all the tested extracts of N. cadamba bark possess anthelmintic activity in a dose dependant manner. The activities were comparable with the reference drug Piperazine citrate. Among the tested extracts, the chloroform extract and pet ether extract were found to possess promising anthelmintic activity in comparison to other extracts. The presentstudy, therefore, justifies its use in the folklore remedies as an anthelmintic drug of natural origin.

26-31

Authors: Abiramasundari.P, Priya.V, Jeyanthi.G.P, and Gayathri Devi. S*

Herbal products prepared either from single or multiple botanical ingredients are usually complex and variable in nature. Undoubtedly, the plant kingdom still holds many species of plants containing substances of medicinal value that have yet to be discovered. For this reason, Cocculushirsutus (L.) a medicinal plant belonging to family Menispermaceae, the perennial climber was selected for the present study. The study was formulated with the objective to assess the antibacterial activity of Cocculus hirsutus.The leaves stem and the root of Cocculus hirsutus was extracted with solvents namely petroleum ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone, methanol, and water for the determination of antibacterial activity. The chance to find antibacterial activity was more apparent in methanol and acetone extracts than the other extracts. The benzene and methanol extracts of Cocculus hirsutus leaves have shown strong antibacterial activity against all the organisms tested. The zone of inhibition ranged from 8-16 mm. The petroleum ether, acetone, and methanol extracts of Cocculus hirsutus stem have shown pronounced antibacterial activity against all the microorganisms tested. Zones diameter ranged from 9-21 mm. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the Cocculus hirsutus plant extracts have great potential as antimicrobial components against microorganisms and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by resistant microorganisms.

38-47

Authors: M.Sekar*andJ. Balamani

Tetrapeptidederivatives of Aspirin (1 to 4) were synthesized by the following methods. Aspirin was prepared by acetylation of salicylic acid using Ac2O/ AcOH. Aspirin was coupled with amino acid amide and dipeptide amide using its p-nitro phenyl (NP) ester. The ester (Aspirin – ONP) was prepared by treating p-nitrophenol andDCC in EtOAc and was precipitated by using EtOH. The synthesis of dipeptide amides was carried out in solution by stepwise elongation of the peptide chain from the C-terminal amino acid by coupling one amino acid at a time usingDCC/HOBt method. Boc-group was used from the Nα protection of all amino acids. The Boc-group cleavage was carried out using 50% TFA / CH2Cl2.The amidation of C-terminal amino acid was carried out by treating the corresponding Boc – aminoacid – ONp esters with dry NH3 in presence of DCC and HOBt. Their gastric ulcer-inducing property was studied by histopathological method.

57-61

Authors: Thomas Kurian* and Jose Kurien

A simple, fast and precise simultaneous multicomponent derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous determination of Ampicillin and Probenecid pharmaceutical formulation. The first derivative spectra have absorption maxima at 222.2nm for Ampicillin and 288 nm for Probenecid in 0.1N NaOH used as a solvent. The peak with good absorption at different concentrations, obeyed BeerLambert law only was chosen. Both Ampicillin and Probenecid showed linearity in the range of 10 to 50 μg/ml concentration.

1-10

Authors: M. Dhanamani, * S. Lakshmi Devi, S.Kannan

A huge reservoir of bioactive compounds exists in many species of plants of Earth, only a small percentage of which have been examined and continued tobe an important source of anticancer agents. Worldwide effects are ongoing to identify new anticancer compounds from plants. With the current decline in the number of new molecular entities from the pharmaceutical industry, novel anticancer agents are being sought from traditional medicines. This article reveals a detailed review of ethnomedicinally important plants in cancer from Indian medicinal plants which will be useful to treat various types of cancer. It will be helpful to explore the medicinal value of the plants and for the new drug discovery from them for the researchers and scientists around the globe.

20-28

Authors: Kishore Kumar. P, Raju A. B.

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves stem-cell renewal, genome reorganization, and genome repackaging, and that culminates in the production of motile gametes. Problems at all stages of spermatogenesis contribute to human infertility. Male infertility is characterized by hypogonadism, decreased semen quality or ejaculatory dysfunction, accounts for approximately 20% of infertility cases. The main cause for infertility apoptosis. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death in contrast to necrosis, which represents "accidental cell death," plays an important role in spermatogenesis. excessive alcohol intake resulted in Leydig cell apoptosis, while cocaine resulted in mitochondrial apoptosis, excessive alcohol intake resulted in Leydig cell apoptosis, while cocaine resulted in mitochondrial apoptosis. Men with severe oligozoospermia less than 1 to 5 x 106 sperm/ml are considered as a male infertility by diagnosis. Studies on male infertility, potentially opening the door for treatment advances for improving spermatogenesis. Newer techniques like sperm retrieval and VE modifications are promising and becoming increasingly more popular for the estimation of damage of certain DNA is responsible for male infertility.

34-40

Authors: Nwaehujor C.O.*, Ezeigbo I. I.,Udeh N. E., Ezeja M.I. and AsuzuI. U.

Oral administration of various doses (50, 100and 250 mg/kg) of the methanol extracts of the stalk of Parkia biglobosa produced anti-inflammatory activities by reducing the croton oil ear inflammation, though not statistically relevant at p<0.01 level of significance. It also antagonized the edema produced by carrageenin and arachidonic acid as well as the granuloma by the cotton pellet in rats. The stalk also showed in vitro anti-oxidant activities using the DPPH. The extract is suspected of producing its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting both the lipo-oxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways of the arachidonic acid metabolism.

46-49

Authors: S.Kannan*,B.Parimala devi, B.Jayakar

In the present study methanolic from the leaves of Passifloraedulis for finding potential antibacterial activity. Which were compared with the standard ciprofloxacin 5µg/disc. The in-vitro antibacterial study efficacy of the methanolic extract was tested against Gram-positive bacteriaviz., Staphylococcus aureus (NCL2079), Staphylococcus faecalis (NCL2080), Bacillus subtilis (NCL 2063) and Gram-negative bacteria viz., E.coli (NCL2065), Proteus vulgaris (NCL 2027), Salmonella typhi (NCL 2023) by disc diffusion method. The methanolic extract showed promising activity against Bacillus subtilis and E.coli.

54-57

Authors: Biren. N. Shah* and Avinash. K. Seth

A microwave assisted extraction technique was developed to optimize the extraction of mucilage from the fruits of Abelmoschusesculentus plant. The plant has been extracted by conventional and microwave assisted methods for the isolation of mucilage. Microwave extraction 160 Wintensity and 40 min heating duration increase 11.55% in the yield of mucilage when compared to 1 h conventional heating method. The products obtained by both the methods were of similar nature chemically. The developed microwave procedure can be used successfully in commercial and routine laboratory isolation of mucilage.

64-70

Authors: Bindu Madhavi B*, Zulkar Nain Kamal MD, Kusum B, Srikanth V, RamalingamR, Vinod KR, Ravinder Nath A and David Banji .

Venlafaxine HCl is the freely water soluble drug with antidepressant activity. It is available in a dose of 25mg-45mg.Being highly soluble drug there is the possibility of burst effect which causes sudden peak levels of the drug in the blood. It is having many side effects and with half life around 5 hours. To reduce the adverse effects due to burst effect and have the sustain action of the drug we have prepared the ethyl cellulose microspheres of the drug. The microspheres were prepared by the emulsification and solvent evaporation method. The prepared microspheres were evaluated mainly for the sustained release of the drug and then the antidepressant activity in albino mice apart from the other tests like % drug encapsulation, particle size and drug-polymer compatibility by the FTIR studies. The method had resulted in good encapsulation efficiency and micron sized ethyl cellulose spheres. The drug release was found to be sustained for 16 hours and was found to follow thePeppas kinetics.

76-88

Authors: K.N.V.Rao*,Sunitha Ch, David Banji, Sandhya. S, MaheshV

The genus Rumex is found to be distributed worldwide. This genus includes more than 250species. Most of the species under this genus contain phytoconstituents like flavonoids, anthraquinones and triterpenoids. Many species are herbs but shrubs also included. Roots are usually taproot but a few are having rhizomes. Very few of them are explored scientifically ( Rumex patentia, Rumex japonicas, Rumexhymenosepalus, Rumex crispus, Rumex dentatus ) .80% methanolic extract of rhizome Rumexabyssinicus reported to have diuretic and analgesic activity.The triterpenoids which are isolated from the Rumex japonicus shows Rat lens Aldose reductase inhibitory activity.Leucodelphinidin and Leucopelargonidin isolated from the Rumex hymenosepalus identified as anti tumourous substances.Neopodin which is isolated from the ethanolic extract of Rumex japonicas exhibited the inhibitory activity of the osteoclast.This paper presents the morphological features, chemical constituents and uses of the different reported species and folklore uses of Rumex as these can be explored as potential Nutraceuticals.