Hygeia journal for drugs and medicines

7-10

Authors: Vadivelan . P*, Rajesh Kumar . R , Bhadra . S1, Shanish. A, Elango . K , Suresh . B

The present work is targeted mainly to quantify the phenolic and flavonoid content of Rubus ellipticus root extracts. The quantitative analysis of data showed that the methanol extract of Rubus ellipticus root contains 21 to 225mg/g of gallic acid and 16 to 29mg/g of rutin. The preliminary antioxidant activity of extracts was screened in vitro using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, Hydroxyl and lipid peroxidation (LPO) free radical models. The methanol extract showed strong scavenging activity against free radical compared to all other extracts experimented.

14-16

Authors: Siyad AR*, Jeeva J

A drug utilization evaluation of Omeprazole was conducted in a 100 bed government hospital. Base line audit was done in selected wards of the hospital over 30 days, which identified 200 patients receiving Omeprazole. The main reasons for prescribing Omeprazole were prophylaxis against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (70%) and pain in the epigastrium (16%). In 14% of the cases, the reasons for prescribing omeprazole were due to duodenal and gastric ulcer. A questionnaire on omeprazole usage was developed and the responses from all the doctors of the hospital were obtained. Guidelines for Omeprazole usage in the hospital were formed and officially circulated among the doctors in the hospital. Another 30 days audit was carried out in the same wards where base line audit was performed during which 117 inpatients were identified to be taking Omeprazole. Prophylactic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decreased to 40%. More than 18% reduction of overall inpatient Omeprazole usage was noticed during the study period compared to a similar period from the previous year. The program brought about rational changes in Omeprazole prescribing and awareness among doctors regarding the cost-effective usage of drugs.

21-22

Authors: Sreena K*, Ratheesh R, Rachana M, Poornima M, Shyni C

In this study, we had synthesized some Benzimidazole derivatives and screened for their anthelmintic activity. o-Phenylenediamine was condensed with acids in presence of Polyphosphoric acid and solvents like water and dilute hydrochloric acid. The presence of specific functional group was analyzed by IR spectroscopy. The determination of structure for the synthesized compounds by NMR and Mass spectroscopy is in progress. All the synthesized compounds showed significant anthelmintic activity.

26-27

Authors: Ansa Philip*, Athul PV, Ajmal Charan, Afeefa TP

Many traditional plants and herbs are reported to have anthelmintic activity. Macrotyloma uniflorum is a legume plant which is used as food in India. It is found to have many traditional values such as anthelmintic, diuretic, expectorant, ophthalmic and tonic. The seeds are also useful for haemorrhoids, tumors, bronchitis, and splenomegaly and in asthma. The anthelmintic activity of the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum has been investigated using the ethanolic extract and it was found to have profound activity.

33-35

Authors: Prasobh GR* , Mohammed Sabir A.S , Sameera F. A , Nooruddeen K , Jyothi B Nair , Soumya R.V.

The solubility characteristics of drugs remain the most challenging aspect in the formulation development. With the advent of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening the number of poorly soluble compounds has dramatically increased. The dissolution rate of drug from its dosage form is considered as an important parameter in the absorption. Dissolution is the rate-limiting step in the absorption of drugs from 1 solid dosage form especially when the drug is poorly water soluble. Poor wettability of drugs leads to the decrease in their bioavailability. Increasing the surface area of the drug particle may curb out this problem. For drugs whose GI absorption is rate limited by dissolution, reduction of particle size increases the rate of absorption and total bioavailability. This is common with drugs of poor water solubility. The solid dispersion of Nabumetone is already carried with methyl cellulose. The main perspective of this study aims at overcoming these problems by solid dispersion technology using carriers like ethyl cellulose as well as another natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic carriers with a view to developing fast release formulation of Nabumetone improving its dissolution characteristics. Nabumetone is an effective NSAID, it is practically insoluble in water, where the dissolution is rate limiting. The dissolution of Nabumetone from the tablet formulation containing the solid dispersion was found to be fast and rapid when compared with marketed formulation

36-37

Authors: Yuvaraj . S*, Sunith . D.K , Ahmed Riyaz T.K , Soumya E.N , Biji . P.K , Prajitha. P.P

In the present study we had synthesised some pyrazole derivatives for finding potential antibacterial agents. Ethyl acetoacetate was reacted with benzene diazonium compound and the resulting compound was condensed with phenylhydrazine in presence of acetic acid to afford pyrazole compound. The synthesized compound was analyzed by physical and chromatography data. The presence of specific functional group in the product was confirmed by the IR spectroscopy and further structure determination by NMR and Mass spectroscopy is in progress. The in- vitro antibacterial efficacy of synthesized compound was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms by Cup and Plate method. The pyrazole derivative showed promising activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

46-49

Authors: Kishore Gnana Sam , Kuriachan M. A , Subash Philip*

Cost-of-illness studies measure the economic burden of a disease and estimate the maximum amount that could potentially be saved or gained if a disease were to be eradicated. Direct medical costs and indirect costs are measured using top down and bottom up approaches Human Capital approach, Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) approach and Friction Costs approach respectively. The perspectives may measure costs to society, the health care system, third-party payers, businesses, the government, and participants and their families. Incidence based studies, estimate lifetime costs, measure the costs of an illness from onset to conclusion for cases beginning within the period of the study, usually a year. Incidence costs include the discounted, lifetime medical, morbidity, and mortality costs for the incident cohort. Prevalence-based studies measure the costs of an illness in a year, regardless of the date of onset and include all medical care costs and morbidity costs for a disease. Indirect costs include the loss of resources due to morbidity and mortality, which inherently places a monetary value on the value of life. The human capital method is the most common approach used to calculate the indirect costs of an illness. The costs attributable to an illness depend largely on how the illness is defined diagnostically. Studies typically use the International Classification of Diseases, as a basis of defining the illness of interest and whether to include secondary diagnoses. The appropriate data source to use for a cost-of-illness study varies by the illness, perspective, and approach of the study.