Journal of Health Research in Community

15-26

Authors: Mahbobeh Eshaghi , Parvin Sepehr *

Introduction and purpose: One of the most effective strategies in Health, Safety, and Environment Management System (HSE-MS) is the importance of training in safety. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of safety training on reducing the rate of unsafe acts using a management system in Ekbatan profiling industry. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical and interventional design. Safety behavior sampling was initially utilized to determine the rate of unsafe behaviors. Subsequently, the rate of individuals' unsafe behaviors was assessed using prepared checklists and random observation. The HSE-MS was used for the improvement of unsafe behaviors. The effectiveness of the intervention and the level of unsafe behaviors were analyzed before and after the intervention, after two years using Excel 2007 and SPSS software (version 16) through the paired t-test. Results: The mean rate of the individuals' unsafe behaviors was 34% before the intervention. Moreover, the highest and lowest rates of the unsafe acts were awkward posture (25.8%) and running (0.8%) at the workplace, respectively. The results obtained from the paired t-test showed the effect of the intervention and a decrease in the rate of unsafe behaviors by 20% (P=0.037). Conclusion: Training is the cornerstone of the MS leading to the improvement of the unsafe behaviors. Therefore, continuous and effective training in the safety management system will result in a reduction in the rate of accidents and the improvement of the safety status.

39-51

Authors: Zahra Rahnama , Mahshid Ahmadi * , Alireza Khalilian , Maryam Sefidgarnia Amiri

Introduction and purpose: Job burnout is a kind of psychological distress that results from various occupational factors and leads to the deterioration of job performance. This condition is usually characterized by weakness, disappointment, and nonachievement of career goals. Regarding this, the present study aimed to compare the frequency of burnout syndrome between general family and non-family physicians in Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 153 urban family physicians, 158 rural family physicians, and 295 non-family physicians (i.e., a total of 606 cases) selected using simple random sampling technique. In this study, Maslach Burnout Questionnaire was used, as the main tool for measuring the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal empowerment. Study participants included two groups of family general practitioners with more than two years of experience working in all shifts as a family physician, as well as non-family general practitioners working in health centers and offices affiliated to mazandaran university of medical sciences. General practitioners working in the hospital and staffing plan were excluded from the study. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean values and the mean differences of burnout dimensions at two levels of urban and rural family physicians and those outside the family physician plan. Results: Emotional exhaustion score in the non-family physicians was 14.6±10.31, while this score was obtained as 19.73±12.57 and 20.39±12.17 in the urban and rural family physicians, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.0001). In this regard, family physicians (especially rural family physicians) had the highest occupational burnout in this dimension. However, regarding the other two dimensions, the difference between the family and non-family physicians was not statistically significant. Generally, emotional exhaustion had the highest prevalence (20.3 %), followed by depersonalization (29.4%) and personal accomplishment (24.1%). In addition, more than half of the subjects showed a high level of burnout at least in one of the three dimensions of this construct. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, occupational burnout was more common in family physicians, especially in rural area family physicians, which can be due to working in remote places with more duties, fewer facilities, and more difficult environmental conditions. Many demographic and environmental factors account for the incidence of burnout. Therefore, it is required to perform further studies and develop plans targeted toward reducing occupational burnout, especially in family physicians, since resolving this situation can improve the quality of patient care services.

61-72

Authors: Fatemeh Rajaei , Babak Vazirianzadeh , Hossein Hamidinejat , Elham Jahanifard * , Hossein Nasiri

Introduction and purpose: Ticks as biological vectors and reservoirs of diseases, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), have an important role in the transmission of pathogens to humans and animals. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the biodiversity indices, distribution, and fauna of the vectors of CCHF in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: The tick samples were collected and identified from the head, ear, groin, under the tail, and around the rectum of cattle, sheep, and goats in spring and autumn. Biodiversity indices were calculated based on the host type. Moreover, the frequency map of the ticks was drawn using ArcGIS software (version 10.4). Results: A total of 287 livestock were examined in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Overall, five species of tick were identified from three genera. Frequency rates of Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and Boophilus annulatus were calculated as 21.25%, 2.5%, 61.25%, 11.25%, and 3.75%, respectively. According to the Shannon-Weiner index, the species diversity of the goat host was less than that of the hosts of cow and sheep. In addition, based on the Simpson index, the diversity of dominant species in the goat host was less than that of the other two hosts. Furthermore, the species richness index in sheep host was the highest among the hosts. However, the evenness index of the species based on the host type was calculated to be the highest equal to 0.789 for the host of the cow. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, there was a relation between biodiversity indices and tick-borne diseases. The aforementioned relationship provides useful information in terms of preventing diseases transmitted by ticks.

83-93

Authors: Mahvash Raghibi , Haneye Sheikh * , Yaser Shamsollahzadeh , Morteza Jalmbadani

Introduction and purpose: Adolescence is associated with physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes in a person’s life. During this time, the concepts of identity and body image are raised, both of which can lead to anxiety and ultimately social avoidance. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of identity styles in body image and social avoidance of adolescents referred to health centers in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018-2019. Methods: The present descriptive-correlational (correlational-predictive) study was performed on 128 adolescents referred to healthcare centers. The sampling was conducted using the convenience sampling method, and data collection tools were the questionnaires of body image concerns, social avoidance and distress, as well as identity styles. Data analysis performed by SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as stepwise and standard regressions. Results: Results of the present study indicated that identity styles, including diffuse-avoidant, normative, and commitment, were able to predict and determine variations related to body image concerns (P<0.01). Moreover, the normative identity style could predict and determine variations associated with social avoidance and distress (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results indicated that body image concerns could predict and determine the variations related to social avoidance and distress (P<0.05). Conclusion: Identity styles and body image during adolescence can weaken communication skills, have adverse effects on the levels of adolescents’ social interactions with others, and deprive them of having the opportunity to acquire mental, physical, and social skills. Therefore, the risks associated with the aforementioned issues should be taken into consideration, and culture should be extensively developed in national and transnational levels in this regard.