Theoretical Physics

5

Authors: J. R. Croca, R. N. Moreira, M. Gatta, P. Castro

The speed of light has been repeatedly measured considering the time a photon spends travelling from an initial point to another and then coming back to the initial point, the so called two-way speed of light. Experiments aiming to measure the speed of light when it travels strictly an initial point to another, the so called one-way speed of light, have also been proposed. Here we will discuss the conceptual basics some of these experiments, proposing what seems to be a new feasible procedure to measure the one-way speed of light. According to Special Relativity it is expected that the measurable value will match the observed value for the two-way speed of light.

18

Authors: S.Pozdneev

The main features of resonance in scattering are described and resonances are determined on the basis of the theory of collisions in a two-body system, as well as resonances emerging as a result of collisions in a few-body system. Regularities in the emergence of such resonances and their characteristics are analyzed. The results of calculations of these resonant processes occurring during collisions of electrons with diatomic molecules, made on the basis of the quantum theory of scattering in a few-body system, based on Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations are discussed.

24

Authors: Andrey N. Volobuev

Some directions and problems connected with incompleteness of modern theoretical physics are considered. It is marked that the basic successes are achieved in the areas concerning to Euclidian space. It is shown that priorities are, first, creation of photon space physics, second, association of Euclidian spaces physics and physics of photon space due to creation of the uniform theory of gravitational and electromagnetic fields. It is marked that only in case of such association the understanding of physics of a dark matter, the dark energy, the latent mass is possible. The main problem in creation of photon space physics, i.e. the physics of a reference system moving with light velocity is shown. For creation of photon space physics on the basis of the generalized coordinates use the opportunity of a clear representation of electromagnetic radiation quantum is shown. It is established that equation Lagrange in a classical variant passes in the wave equation for vector - potential, and at quantization in Schrodinger equation for a quantum of electromagnetic radiation in space of the generalized coordinates. The solution of Schrodinger equation is given. It is shown that in space of the generalized coordinates (in photon space) the vacuum energy is a constant, not dependent on the changing parameter of a quantum - its frequencies, and the length of a quantum is exponential falls with increase in volumetric density of its energy. Interaction of a photon and material particle (electron and atom) in photon space is considered. It is shown that this process needs to be described in the uniform reference system moving with light velocity in space of a vector - potential. On the basis of the Noether’s theorem it is shown that in a vector - potential space (in photon space) the volumetric density of photon energy, its velocity and a ring current density of a material particle are conserved. On the basis of the Schrodinger’s equation solving for a photon and electron cooperating in vector - potential space it is shown the electron during interaction should represent the quantum oscillator with a discrete set energies. Electron fluctuations or Dirac’s electron "jitter" are realized with a light velocity. The problem of an electron magnetic moment (spin) occurrence in a vector - potential space is considered. Conditions of the atom currents quantization in vector - potential space, and also the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in photon space are submitted. The Lamb’s frequency shift in vector - potential space is found. Energy of multiphoton system in photon space is considered also

5

Authors: YanRu Chen, ShiMeng Feng

In this paper we present a model to investigate the reflectance on a metallic grid line. Based on the free path theory in the basic physics, we derived a corrected expression for calculating the free path in a metallic grid line. Then, we obtain a formula for describing the dependence of optical reflectance on its size. The theoretical results show that the size of grid line has a relatively large effect on its reflectance when the width and thickness of grid line are below 300nm. The reflectance will reach the value of bulk material when the width and thickness of grid line are over 800nm.

8

Authors: Kenath Arun, B Gudennavar, Kiren O V, C Sivaram

It was little over a hundred years ago that Einstein introduced the ‘cosmological constant’ in his General Theory of Relativity in order to obtain a static universe, to conform to the philosophical view of the universe at that time. What Einstein subsequently dubbed as the ‘biggest blunder’ of his life (after Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe) has come back in vogue in cosmology. Here we look at the evolution of the concept of the cosmological constant from its inception to it possibly making up close to about 70% of the energy density of the universe.