Theoretical Physics

7

Authors: S.V.Gantsevich, V.L.Gurevich

In recent decades it was established that the measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by large space-like intervals can be correlated. The correlation is created by the measurements while their mutual influence requires the corresponding supraliminal velocities. This situation is commonly known as the violation of the Bell inequality in the Bohm version of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. Nearly 40 years the question remains disputable with a variety of contradicting views. The most frequently the violation is explained by the existence of some momentary action at a distance which obliges the quantum mechanics (as well as all nature) to be nonlocal. We find the "common cause in the past" as the origin of the observed quantum correlation which so far was unnoticed either by the partisans of quantum non-locality or their opponents. The novelty of our approach is the accent on the expressions for the observed physical quantities rather than on the "entangled" two-particle wave functions. We show the crucial role of phases in the correlation process that is hard to notice using the traditional approach.

11

Authors: Dušan POPOV

In the paper we have built and examined the properties of quantum systems with nonequidistant energy levels from a point of view of a new introduced approach – the diagonal operator ordering technique (DOOT). In this frame, we examine also the properties of mixed states described by a canonical density operator. We particularize the obtained results for some particular cases (the system with Hamiltonian whose eigenfunctions are the generalized Laguerre functions, as well as the Pöschl-Teller like potentials, and the infinite quantum well).

12

Authors: Maxim Dresvyannikov, Andrei Tskhovrebov, Larisa Zherikhina

In our earlier work, where the traces of effect of resistance quantization in thin bismuth films were studied, we proposed the model, explaining the phenomena observed. In contrast to traditional model of Landauer our explanation is based upon analogy with non-stationary Josephson effect and is valid for systems with super low density of charge carriers. The history of Josephson effect observation in superfluid helium is nearly half a century old: pioneer’s experiments undertaken long ego in the group with the participation of famous theoretician P.W. Anderson led at last at our days to the creation of quite able-bodied quantum interferometer of DC-SQUID type in Berkeley laboratory. Thus, observation of Josephson effect in helium gives grounds to use our model to describe flowing of superfluid liquid in fine capillaries that allows predicting the effect of hydrodynamic resistance quantization.