Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century

55

Authors: Editorial Board

Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century, ISSN 2029-8587 Vol. 16-2, 2022 ISSN 2029-8587 (Print) ISSN 2538-7197 (Online)

58-71

Authors: Inna Boychenko

The purpose of the study is to determine the socio-psychological factors influencing the effectiveness of social-psychological assistance to the Ukrainian population in wartime conditions and their possible approbation as the use of relevant experience to ensure effective professional training of future psychologists in higher educational institutions. Research tasks: 1) determination of the social and psychological needs of the war-affected population of Ukraine; 2) determination of the level of social and psychological provision of assistance to victims; 3) determination of the conditions and means of ensuring the development of social and psychological assistance to the affected population. To solve the research task – to determine the level, conditions and means of ensuring the development of socio-psychological assistance to the affected population, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis, synthesis and applied research using standardized methods. The state of readiness of Ukrainian psychologists to provide appropriate assistance to the population, development of the necessary psychological and methodological materials was analyzed. The peculiarities of psychological assistance to the injured are highlighted using the example of one of the first psychologists who developed a methodical guide aimed at the psychological and mental rehabilitation of injured Ukrainians. Emphasis is placed on psychological diagnosis and individual and group psychocorrection, psychotherapy (primary psychological assistance to displaced persons, assessment of the severity of the impact of a traumatic event, self-assessment of the level of depression in psychological diagnosis, short psychotherapy in an individual and complex multi-directional approach to getting out of a traumatized state in group work with displaced persons) and the importance of the positive influence on the development of this assistance of the relevant personal and professional qualities and properties of future psychologists. In order to identify the conditions and means of ensuring the development of socio-psychological assistance to the affected population, a number of methods were used in the study: 1) "Self-esteem" test (by S.A. Budassi); 2) Method "Self-assessment of mental state: well-being, general activity, mood (SAN)" (authors: V.A. Doskin, N.A. Lavrentyeva, V.B. Sharay, M.P. Miroshnikov); 3) "Scale of reactive and personal anxiety" (developed by C.D. Spielberger, adapted by Y.L. Khanin); 4) "Professional identity study methodology (MVPI) (author L.B. Schneider). 178 students of the III-IV courses of the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology of the National Pedagogical University named after M.P. Drahomanov and 5th courses of the Faculty of Psychology named after T.G. Shevchenko and the Faculty of English of the National Linguistic University. From the analysis of the conducted methods, it was found that the researched future psychologists, who are oriented to practical activities under the guidance of mentors, have inadequately inflated self-esteem, an average level of cognitive activity, and an average level of anxiety during training, which correlates with an insufficient level of development of their professional self-identity. This indicates an inadequately inflated self-esteem, insufficient self-determination, inadequate self-satisfaction, self-expression, and insufficient self-regulation of the subjects during training. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to creating conditions, finding means to increase opportunities for future psychologists to achieve a conscious, positive professional identity at the stage of educational and professional training, as this is an important basis for the effective formation of their professional identity in the future, as future reliable qualified specialists, the professional level of which will meet public demands, the needs of psychological assistance to victims of the war in the country.

79-85

Authors: Stanislava Stoyanova

Covid-19 pandemic caused many problems in human life. Estimation if different types of problems were interrelated and if some types of problems were more frequent than others revealed that the health-related problems were subjectively assessed by 524 Bulgarians as the most influential ones during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by the diminishing order of influence of economic, psychological, family, and political problems. These different types of problems were all interrelated with each other and the presence of one type of problem was accompanied by all the other problems. This finding means that the efforts for handling some specific problems should be concentrated at the same time on a constellation of problems.

3

Authors: Editorial Board

Contents, PPC, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2022

11-19

Authors: Oleksandr Bashynskyi

Manifestations of self-destructive behavior (SDB) differ in patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders and our study aims to identify these differences through the demonstration of clinical cases. The purpose of the study is to explore clinical differences in manifestations of self-destructive behavior in patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders. The study involved 95 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (Gr1 PermSDB) included 40 patients (42% of the total number of subjects) with psychiatric disorders, who expressed a constant presence of manifestations of self-destructive behavior throughout the whole disease period or during more than half of this period (both according to the patients and to the medical records). The second group (Gr2 ImpSDB) included 55 patients (58% of the total number of subjects), where the manifestations of self-destructive behavior appeared only at the height of exacerbation of psychopathological symptoms, and this caused the acts of impulsive self-harm. Looking at the examples, we see a difference in motivational statements in different groups of patients: in Gr2, the main factor that motivated patients to harm themselves was the exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. At the same time, the main factors influencing the self-harm in Gr1 were personal experiences related to psychological problems

36-48

Authors: Zachary M. Rosenthal, Maria Annarumma, Francesco Sessa, Iris Consalvo, Valerio De Masi, Luana Pagano

Recent scientific studies have noted that misophonia is a complex neurophysiological and behavioural syndrome characterised by high physiological and emotional reactivity, resulting from an intolerance to specific auditory stimuli. People with this distress have emotional and behavioural responses, excessive in relation to the auditory stimulus that provokes them; in fact, these people may have outbursts of anger, severe anxiety crises, and even panic attacks. One of the questions that the first studies of this syndrome have asked was what link occurred between misophonia and certain psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. Another important research objective was to examine the differential diagnosis between misophonia and hearing disorders such as tinnitus. In view of the current literature on misophonia, it has become important to define the comorbidity and differential diagnosis of misophonia with other disorders. The next step is, through further research on clinical cases, to define the most effective psychotherapeutic techniques on misophonic symptoms, and the psychoeducational tools needed to intervene in family systems with misophonic patients.