Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi (Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry)

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Authors: Sezgin Koray Gülsoy, Sezgin Oğuz, Saffet Uysal, Serhat Şimşir, Muhsin Tas

In this study, the effects of potassium borohydride (KBH4) on maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) kraft pulp and paper properties were investigated. 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (based on oven-dried wood) KBH4 added kraft cookings were carried out under the fixed cooking conditions. KBH4-free kraft cooking was also done as control cooking. The results revealed that pulp yield, kappa number, and beating time increased with addition of KBH4 to cooking liquor. The screened yield increased 7.69 point (from 46,21% to 53.90%) with 2% KBH4 addition to control cooking. The brightness values of handsheets were increased with KBH4 addition. Strength properties of handsheets significantly decreased with addition of KBH4.

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Authors: Derya EŞEN [1] , Ali Kemal Özbayram [2]

Fertilization can improve survival and growth of tree seedlings, and their tolerance to pests in the forest, and may mitigate impact of climate change on trees. Positive effects of fertilization on young seedlings are even more pronounced in fast-growing tree species. Control-release fertilizers are superior to the traditional agricultural fertilizers, providing tree seedlings a slow, sustainable, and safe nutritional support. Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a native and important element of the moist western Black Sea Region forests of Turkey. This broadleaved tree species grows fast and has important ecologic and economic functions and services. This papers reports the fifth-year results of a young wild cherry plantation fertilized at different rates with a control-release fertilizer on a mesic western Black Sea Region site. A control-release fertilizer (Basacote® Plus 6 M, COMPO Benelux, Belgium) was applied in a one-year old wild cherry plantation at five different rates (0, 80, 160, 240 ve 320 g seedlings-1) in the spring of 2009. Five years after treatment (YAT), fertilizer rates did not make a significant effect on survival and growth for wild cherry. Earlier positive fertilization effects on seedling growth reported two YAT did not appear to be sustained after five years. The toxic effect of high-rate fertilizer in the early assessment was also noted to a lesser degree five YAT. Mechanism by which control-release fertilizer affects survival and growth of young wild cherry seedlings seems to be complex and/or site-specific. Inherent site fertility and lack of successive fertilization might account for the lack survival and growth enhancement in cherry by fertilization.

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Authors: Ali Durkaya, Birsen Durkaya, Sinan Kaptan

Global climate change in general, "natural climate variability observed in a comparable period of time, the natural structure of the global atmosphere and climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that disrupts the changes in the whole" is defined as. Although there are different opinions on the causes of global climate change, the most widely accepted theory about the "greenhouse effect" is. Greenhouse gases that cause global warming in the world that have the most significant effect of CO2 by photosynthesis is stored in the forest ecosystem. Forest areas as carbon sinks because of its high efficiency, carbon stock changes in forest ecosystems is a necessity for countries included in the Kyoto protocol statement. Components in forest ecosystem carbon pool is considered to be a "living biomass (above-ground and underground)," and "dead biomass (planted dry, dead wood and soil) as" divided into two parts. Sufficiently accurate for estimating carbon stock changes in forest ecosystems, the necessary data can be achieved, there is a need for scientific studies of these components. Woody biomass and its annual change in the amount of carbon stocked in determining stem volume, the total amount of biomass, the biomass distribution of components, and their carbon contents of biomass, such as commercial and non-commercial parts of the data are needed. In this study, the subject of how to do the above ground biomass studies, sampling and sampling of the stem of a topic is intended to clarify.

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Authors: Nuri Kaan Özkazanç [1]

This study has been carried out between 2009–2011 in order to figure out insectivorous bird spieces in Bartın. During the study, over 100 bird observations have been done in 27 different locations. In consequence of observations, 50 insectivorous bird spieces from 16 families belonging to 6 orders have been observed. The insectivorous bird spieces that have been observed are species belong to Apodidae (2), Meropidae (1), Upupidae (1), Cuculidae (1), Aegithalidae (1), Laniidae (2), Motacillidae (6), Muscicapidae (3), Hirundinidae (4), Paridae (4), Sittidae (1), Sturnidae (1), Sylvidae (8), Turdidae (10), Troglodytidae (1), Picidae (4) families. It has been observed that among these insectivorous bird spieces found in Bartın, 27 of them are summer migrant, 10 of them are winter migrant and 13 of them are resident indigenous birds. Among all, 5 species (Motacilla alba L., Hirundo rustica L., Parus major L., Erithacus rubecula (L.), Turdus merula L.) are observed in all locations.

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Authors: Abdullah İstek [1] , Hasan TUNÇ [2] , ismail ÖZLÜSOYLU [3]

In this study, some physical and mechanical properties and the effects of silane rate on these properties of oriented strand board produced from 3-aminopropyltrietho-xysilane (silane) treated strands (OSB) has been investigated. The OSBs were produced by using 1%, 2% and 3% silane treated strands with respect to adhesive weight. Thickness swelling and water absorption as physical properties, bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity in bending (MOE), internal bond strength (IB) and screw withdrawal strength perpendicular to surface (SWS) were determined. According to the test results, increased rates of silane usage resulted improvement on physical properties and most of the mechanical properties were decreased except screw withdrawal strength perpendicular to surface. The improvements on physical properties were calculated in the range from 9% to 19% and the decreases on mechanical properties were determined between 3% and 25%, while the SWS value was increased by 14 to 41%.

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Authors: Yasin Dönmez, Suat Cabuk, Melih Öztürk, Ercan Gokyer

Safranbolu where is recognized as the capital of protection in Turkey, has become a tourist town as a consequence of the efforts along the years between 1975-2016. Although there are three urban protected sites in the city, tourism activities are concentrated within the Çarşı zone. Many problems of this zone are tried to be overcome through the conservation based development plan. The main problem which the visitors are forced to suffer, is the inadequacy of parking lots. Particularly on weekends and holidays, serious difficulties are experienced for finding parking lot within the Çarşı zone. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the parking lot problem within Safranbolu Çarşı zone and to propose alternative solutions for that parking lot problem. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the available parking lot spaces were inadequate within the Çarşı zone and that the parking lot model built around the concept of the conservation based development plan would not provide solution. With this study, three different approaches were introduced in order to lead to the solution of the parking lot problem within the Safranbolu Çarşı zone.

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Authors: Rıfat Kurt, Selman Karayılmazlar, Erol İmren, Yıldız Cabuk

Rich biological diversity of the forests in Turkey offers rich NWFP (Non-Wood Forest Products) sources in the forests in different parts of the country. These NWFP are utilized to meet a range of needs both locally and nationwide. And also significant income is generated through export. In this study, the export of bay leaves, thyme, pine nuts, sage, cumin, anise, linden and chestnut which have a significant places in Turkey export, for 21 years (between 1995 and 2015) were investigated. And the collected data were classified and presented in graphics. Thus, the changes by years are shown with percent calculations.

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Authors: Eser Sozen, Gokhan Gunduz, Erol Imren

All living things need to protect themselves against attacks from outside world instinctively. And likewise, throughout history human beings not only have taken precautions against environmental factors but also against attacks from enemies. These precautions include precautions against leather, metal and metal derivatives, ditches, city walls and castles. And today, the combination of light fabrics having high resistance and elasticity with polymers forms the basis for ballistic panel and armour production. Investments in the area of ballistics, particularly military investments, as well as academic and military studies, indicate the significance of the issue. This study examines the characteristics of the composites used in ballistic panel and personal protective armour production; the combinations of the protectors made of composite materials and the ballistic tests applied to these protectors. This study which is a collection of the existing studies by examining them will provide literature support for studies on ballistic.

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Authors: Abdurrahman KARAMAN [1]

In this study, in under static load, the stiffness analysis of both wood base materials which are used with for demonte type bookshelves and the stiffness analysis of different fasteners were investigated. Samples of the experiment particleboard (YL) and medium density fiberboard (MDF) were used as wooden composites materials and trapez connector with metal parts, metal minifix connector with metal peg, metal minifix connector with plastic peg, metal T connector, pipe type connector, and corner fitting were used joints. Knockdown bookcases were exposed to static loading for six months by considering the critic loads which could effect while in service use. Bearing in mind the critic loads which may affect its usage, experimental samples were trialled under static loads. Three dimensional structure of the experimentalsamples were analysed an a computer by using finite element method (FEM). Later, experimental data was compared with the analysis data. According to the results of experiments, maximum compliance between ANSYS analysis results and the test results of experiments terms of stiffness coefficient of the application was observed in the bookshelves which are made using particleboard trapeze connector with 96.29%. at least compliance with metal 92.59% with metal minifix connector with metal peg combination made using bookshelves.

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Authors: Ferda Nur Şener, Ahmet Tolunay

In this study it is aimed to determine Turkey's compatibility (similarities and differences) with other participating countries, include the Near East and Pan-European Processes; in the sustainable forestry phases considering the features of Turkey's forestry. In order to examine the sustainable forestry level of our country against other countries Discriminant Analysis, Principle Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used. The data gathered from the tables organized by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were evaluated by using MINITAB packaged software. In this research three different analyses were conducted. The first analysis was performed with 98 variables belong to 38 countries from Pan-European Process. The second one was fulfilled with 87 variables belong to 34 countries from Near East Process countries. And the third one was realized with 90 variables belong to total 149 countries which participated other processes. As a result, Turkey shared similarities with Albania, France, Germany and Finland in the Pan European Process, in terms of sustainable forest management. Also Turkey shared similarities with Sudan, Pakistan, Algeria and Ethiopia in the Near East Process. In conclusion, forestry in Turkey to have a sustainable level of the European average and said that not much different from European countries. Turkey's sustainable forest management practices should be considered to continue taking into account the Pan European process.

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Authors: Dürdane Kaya Özdemir [1] , Sebahat Açıksöz [2]

With the Industrial Revolution, urban areas migration increased with the city and its surrounding business opportunities. Therefore, urban population increase in urban areas and social, cultural, economic and environmental value of consumption was raised. Cultural heritage neglected with rapid and unplanned urbanization, today’s cities identity enter negative process of change, so cities losing their originality has evolved into a form similar urban cities. In this time when the city of deindividuation process, Amasra’s urban identity of the sustainability is evaluated. In the data collection and field work phase, current situation, potential and problems of the area was introduced and made depth interview local management, public institutions and organizations, civil society organization (CSO) than was determined management plan indicator. These indicator management; conservation-planning-quality of life; accessibility; the perception of the importance and value of the area; education, awareness and participation; promotion, tourism and visitor management; risk management including is collected seven title. Scoper of work, protection planning-quality of life are discussed in these seven titles. In results and discussion phase, alternative conservation objectives, strategies, actions, responsible and relevant institutions for the solution of the problems was identified and the most appropriate of it was be selected by quantitative methods. In line with all these activities, Spatial Management Plan was established.

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Authors: Selma Çelikyay, A. Süha Karayılmazlar

Public spaces are the places where all age groups constituted community, disabled or nondisabled persons have equally right of usage. In this sense, these places should be accessibly by the whole community. In accordance with this purpose, spatial organization of public spaces starting with urban planning changes to practice in urban design process. In the design process of public spaces which contain streets, avenues, squares, bus stops and waiting points etc., comfort and security of citizens in public spaces should be provided, besides meeting community’s usage requirements. This aim can be realized when public spaces and all components within their organization are ergonomics. Urban furniture which is also city furniture is one of the major tools of urban ergonomics. In this paper, public spaces in Bartın city center which has historical city texture characteristics were examined with the aspect of both urban ergonomics and harmonic with historical city identity.