Ekonomika, Journal for Economic Theory and Practice and Social Issuses

10-21

Authors: Dragan Mihajlović Ph.D, Biljana Ilić MSc, Zoran Simonović MSc

The environment, that surrounds the whole operation and activities on Earth, is necessary to consider for two reasons. The first aspect is the environmental component, while the second is linked to the economic system and economic component. Modern production must also be treated as a complex ecological-economic system. Ecological system includes elements of the environment that mankind use in activities, processes and adjusts it to meet owen needs. On the other side, the man often produce a lot of unwanted products, which burden the ecosystem. The natural environment is the totality of natural resources, as well as conditions that are closely related to the human society. Human economic activity is any activity of human society, which is the purpose to achieve a greater volume of production, but also the higher profits at the end of the production cycle. In such correlated, economy and ecology come up with conflicting interests. The purpose of the economy is the production volume and higher profit or a greater increase, while the purpose of ecology involves just limited growth and sustainable production in ecosystem for surviving. The paper deals with the sustainable economy of natural resources which are connected with environment, and it also presents a brief overview of some of the basic characteristics of these areas. Keywords: economic development, natural resources, environmental requirement , sustainable economy .

32-38

Authors: Jovan Zubovic Ph.D, Veronika Boskov Ph.D, Marija Beslin Feruh MSc

In this paper, the authors research on the issues of employees’ job satisfaction. Previous research has shown that job satisfaction is a prerequisite for quality work and employment loyalty. Some authors have shown that in last two decades in Serbia there has been recorded an increase in job satisfaction of workers employed in public sector as compared to those employed in private sector. For this reason, the authors have conducted a survey and applied a factor analysis in order to determine which variables have the highest impact on job satisfaction in public sector. As opposed to the generally accepted opinion that earnings have the greatest impact, this study has shown that the strongest influence have the type and quality of training. However the amount of work is also a variable that has a high importance for employees. Key words: Employment Satisfaction, Public Sector, Factor Analysis

47-55

Authors: Ivana Domazet Ph.D

Under the influence of the growing fragmentation of the market and the media, increased global competitive struggle, technological progress in the field of telecommunications and way of doing international financial and business operations, there is a significant turning point in profiling communication aspects of marketing, and the repositioning of relationships between financial organizations and their clients. Poor results stemming from traditional media advertising as the dominant marketing tool, led to a quest for an alternative that is enshrined in the concept of integrated marketing communications (IMC). Contemporary marketing requires a new kind of communication with the business environment, based on the synergy and creativity, integration and communication, which makes the concept of integrated marketing communications important factor to improve the market competitiveness of financial organizations. Key words: marketing communication, integration, synergy, financial organizations

66-75

Authors: Becir Kalac Ph.D, Ljiljana Berezljev Ph.D, Rifat Zahitovic MSc

There are many resources that entrepreneurs use in the performance of their business. Some materijanog some intangible character. Some of imlementirani business are more and some less. The entrepreneur needs to know valuable resources for your business, only to be obtained in a timely manner and skillfully used Keywords: Entrepreneurial resources, rent, market positions, extra income, methods of manifestation of certain resources

86-93

Authors: Sanjin Ivanovic Ph.D, Dusan Radivojevic Ph.D, Todor Markovic Ph.D

The introduction of the HACCP system is very important in the primary production of milk and in the food industry. If the milk is produced and processed in accordance with the HACCP system, there is more certainty regarding its safety and quality. On farms, milk production according to HACCP standards comprises the implementation of tests for the purpose of checking the status of cows, milk and total environments of milk production. Farms that produce better quality milk have the possibility of working with larger dairies and achieving the highest price of milk. Given the complexity of the issues regarding the rates of economic effectiveness of investment in the implementation of HACCP standards in milk production, the aim of this paper is to review the different concepts that can be applied in the economic analysis of the introduction of HACCP standards. It should be noted that the introduction of quality standards may not necessarily be related to additional investments. It was found that, in the economic analysis, costs are more often expressed in money, whereas the benefits of the introduction of quality system are more difficult to be valued. The method of partial budgeting is used as the most common approach to the economic analysis. This method monitors the changes in costs that occur due to the introduction of measures which should lead to an increase in the quality of milk. In addition, other methods such as integer linear programming, Cost - Effectiveness and Cost - Benefit analysis and defining of functions that determine the movement of costs, can be used. To estimate the amount of the costs of introducing quality standards, accounting, economic - engineering and econometric approaches can be applied. The most important limitation of all these analyses is that the majority of parameters monitored are generally difficult to measure. Key words: milk production, HACCP standards, quality, economic analysis, costs

13-19

Authors: Hristivoje Pejcic Ph.D, Natasa Ristanovic

Abstract: Messages in this article refer to the relationship between municipal authority (“local government”) and villages in the time of their overall extinction. This work is also inspired by experience of investing too much energy illustrating the unpleasant reality of these villages, while fewer attempts have been made discovering the useful ways of managing the changes in these villages, which is given target here. Hence, this paper with its deductive approach initially sought for the principles of actions of the municipal authorities taken towards villages in extinction. Afterwards, significant space was given to the specific proposals. Keywords: village, depopulation, public policy.

29-35

Authors: Slavisa Trajkovic PhD, Srdjan Milosavljevic

As the business database stored and kept large amounts of mostly confidential business or personal information, often represent a great value for the organization in terms of business. This is the main reason business database requires a high degree of safety. Particular attention should be paid to protect them from malicious activities, from unauthorized access through the Internet as well as from malicious use by the employees themselves in the business system. System for safe management business databases are an important tool in raising their productivity. The ability to secure storage, access and management of data in such systems is becoming critical for any business system. For that reason, safety aspects of business databases are located in the center of information systems strategy of each company. Keywords: database, a system database management, information systems, computer networks.

48-56

Authors: Biljana Ilić MSc, Bojan Djordjevic Ph.D, Zoran Simonović MSc

The notion of banks and banking management is differently interpreted and conceptualized, because of the different systems that bank as an institution operated. Bank as an institution has professionally role in the busines of taking and lending, but its most important role is in the creation of money. The bank often has a role in achieving the objectives of the economic policy of a country, but also it has the function of the payment system. On the other hand, from the aspect of management that involves management in all business areas, from the point of view of banking system, the management could be explained as the concept of banking operations. Strategic management is a contemporary style of organizational management that is based on the new business philosophy in the management of financial and real growth factors of the organization. Keywords: strategic management, banking, banking management, quality, growth factors.

65-71

Authors: Д.Н. Александар Костич

Автор исследует проблему отношения глобализации и сербской идентичности. Он указывает на значение идентичности и попитку унифицирования многих культурных институтов. Культурные изменения прямо связаны с изменениями идентичности. Малые народы сопротивляются этим изменениям, в том числе и Сербия. Ключевые слова: Идентичность, Сербия, гибридизация, культура, глобализация, столкновение, изменение, отрыв

79-88

Authors: Danijela Despotović Ph.D, Ljubisa Stamatovic

Issues related to the conditions that are conducive to the promotion of science, technology and innovation, play a very important role in the consideration of methods for encouraging economic growth in the knowledge economy. Comprehensiveness of innovation policy is incomparably broader than the development policy of science and technology, as well as industrial policy. Thanks to the use of a wide range of measures and to a variety of applied instruments, an innovation policy has established itself as the leading component of economic development policy of most countries in the contemporary business environment. Key words: Innovation, Innovativeness of the economy, Innovation policy, Knowledge economy.

10-19

Authors: Ряпухина Виктория Н., к.н. (PhD), Вујић Ненад,, к.н. (PhD)

Инновации в регионах стали приоритетным направлением государства, поэтому актуальна проблема стимулирования инновационной деятельности, а значит и анализа её мотивации. Теоретико-методологическую базу исследования составила система взглядов ученых на проблему инновационной мотивации. В работе представлены авторское определение инновационной мотивации и гипотеза о разделении мотива и стимула, рассмотрены факторы формирования мотивации и стимулы инновационного процесса. Автор предполагает, что важную роль в создании инноваций играет психологический аспект и, что инновационная культура может являться действенным инструментом инновационной мотивации. Ключевые слова: инновационная мотивация, инновационная деятельность, инновационный процесс, стимул инновационного развития.

29-38

Authors: Mirijana Knezevic Ph.D

The subject of the paper are effects of legislative application that are directly or indirectly related to matter of entrepreneurship who, in order to gain profit perform certain economic activity independently, strives to find successful business ideas and implement them on the market according to current legislation. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that existing legal regulative does not provide sufficient protection of entrepreneurial sector, although there are enacted series of laws that are directly or indirectly related to entrepreneurial matter, whose application should enable recovery of entrepreneurial sector, economic development and higher employment of population. The paper starts with hypothesis that in Serbia the activity of entrepreneurs is made more difficult primary due to unfavorable conditions of market operations, difficulties in collecting payments, high taxes and unfair competition. Defined hypothesis is approved in the paper through comparative analysis of outstanding legislation and its effects on entrepreneurs operations in practice. Enactment of the law that would specially and in many details regulate the institute of entrepreneur, as well as introduction of new incentives and exemptions for entrepreneurial activity would create good foundation for future development of this institute which should be one of promoters of lapsed economy in Serbia. Key words: entrepreneur, entrepreneurial activity, new legislation.

48-56

Authors: Hristivoje Pejcic Ph.D, Natasa Ristanovic

This paper explores the involvement of a Serbian non-government organization in solving the existential problems of ''internally displaced persons and refugees'' that are temporarily residing in Serbian territory. To some extent, the participation of other entities in the activities of this organization has been explained. Based on the obtained information, an analysis of this engagement has been made. Suggestions were made regarding such activities, taking into account maintenance of the previous territorial placement of the population. Key words: associations, Serbia, farms

73-82

Authors: Jeločnik Marko , Bekić Bojana , Subić Jonel Ph.D

In accordance with available elements of competitiveness of bee products production (primarily natural conditions and long tradition), all stakeholders within the beekeeping in Serbia have to approach more aggressive and from many aspects to the issues of development of mentioned segment of livestock breeding, especially during the period of constant growth of prices and demand for these products in the world. In paperwork was determined contribution margin in honey production within the system of mobile beekeeping on the territory of Pančevo city (production capacity of 50 hives). Also, it was analyzed the level of sensitivity of honey production caused by oscillations in obtained yields and prices of honey at local market, or by change of costs that appear in this production. Key words: contribution margin, mobile beekeeping, Pančevo.

92-100

Authors: Jovica Markovic Ph.D, Radivoj Prodanovic MSc, Jovana Mutibaric MSc

Wheat is the most important cereal and a strategic product of each national economy. In this regard , the authors of this paper focuses its research put the production and marketing of these crops . Production, processing and marketing of wheat globally tend to increase , while in our production and reduce turnover . The reasons for the fall in production was the lack of economic interest to invest in the production of wheat , the costs are often higher than income , there are disparities price uncertainty placements etc. . Production ensures food security and exports very modest . The average annual production is about 2 million tons , of which the market deliver about 300 tons mainly through organized purchase . Wheat exports over the period, modest , amounting to an average of 300 000 tonnes and was drastically reduced in the last two years . Imports of wheat is symbolic , but if the negative trend in production is expected that the traditional net exporters become an importer of wheat bread.

108-116

Authors: Zoran Jerotijevic Ph.D, Sveto Puric Ph.D

The period from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the First World War for the Serbian people was filled with thunderous war and peace activities aimed liberation and unification. After the Balkan Wars, Turkey was finally banished from almost all over the Balkans, and Serbia has a decisive role in these wars, carried not only the liberation of Kosovo, Metohija and Vardar area already and gained a great reputation among their brethren in the Austro-Hungary. Habsburgs monarchy is now in Serbia saw a dangerous opponent and obstacle to the further penetration of east. First World War brought about the collapse of the Austro -Hungary and Serbia to win with greate victims. There is , with the assistance of the great powers and the creation of the first Yugoslav state (non-Bulgarians). This country is united, winners and losers. The animosity of the two parties, and the loyalty of the central government were and are insoluble problem. At the beginning of the dispute broke out in the first Constitution, but later changes had been made under pressure from without and from within, but without permanent result. Simple in one component of the State of Croatia, there was a sincere desire to preserve it. Keywords: King, the Constitution, the monarchy, Yugoslavia.

12-25

Authors: Bratu (Simionescu) Mihaela

In this study, some strategies of improving the forecasts accuracy were tested for the USA quarterly inflation rate. The classical filters and Holt Winters technique were applied for one-step-ahead forecasts on a horizon of four quarters from 1975 to 2011. Combined forecasts were made using the original SPF values and the new predictions based on filters and Holt Winters method. Some conclusions are valid for all the years for which forecasts are provided: combined predictions based on classical schemes (optimal, inverse weighted and equally weighted scheme) and the smoothed SPF forecasts using Holt Winters technique are two strategies of improving the accuracy of SPF expectations. However, the last one is the best, one reason being that the future evolution of inflation in USA is determined by recent values. Keywords: forecasts, accuracy, combined forecasts, combining schemes, Holt Winters technique, Hodrick-Prescott filter, Band-Pass filter, Christiano-Fitzegerald filter

36-42

Authors: ADETAYO J.O PhD, LAOSEBIKAN J.S. PhD

The production of goods and services for haven consumption is a function of available factors of production among which labour and entrepreneurship are very prominent. The essence is the skill input which has to do with mental and physical attributes or resource activities and also acquired by training education or natural endowments. In this paper, the issue of health workers of all categories is discussed in terms of their marketing (demand and supply) workforce composition (population and size) the globalization factor and the ultimate effects on nations health policy issues, management structures and effectiveness. This paper presented Nigeria as the case at hand whereby, health workers at both foreign and local markets with workforce composition in globalization perspective was examined to determine among others the compositions and category, competence measurement using local and international determinants, adequacy and spread among others. This is an explorative research where secondary data was used to explain questions like do we have well trained health workers in Nigeria that measure up to international standard? Are they well remunerated? What of the level of facilities to work and right environment? What about assessment of international competitiveness among others? Some of the findings shows that Nigeria’s health workers measures among the best world – wide, highly competitive and marketable internationally, very competent despite inadequate facilities to works at home and poor working conditions but in foreign lands very exceptional (brain-drain factor). Again, the supply in terms of rate of development by training and education is grossly inadequate resulting into many patients to a particular health worker like doctors to patients’ ratio which is too high in Nigeria among other findings. It is therefore suggested that health workers skills acquisition programmes in Nigeria which is currently too expensive should be subsidized by the governments to have many of them produced to meet the health needs of Nigerians. They should equally be well remunerated with good environment to work as well as adequate facilities as applicable in the global arena. A healthy nation is a productive nation with the potential for growth and development like other great nations in the global environment. Keywords: Workforce, Health, Workers, Globalization, Skill, Market, and Brain-drain.

55-71

Authors: Aleksandar Bulajić, Milan Stamatović, Slobodan Cvetanović

Experience shows that the question of whether or not to introduce a hypothesis is most vital in methodology, but special importance is assigned to its conceptual definition: how it originates and is discovered, its functionality, classification, and structure, and the derivation of the hypothesis and its indicators. In methodology exists an understanding that the hypothesis role is not important, but necessary for elaborate subjects of research and is a basic term that is usually expected from a PhD thesis title. It is an issue regarding whether it is possible to conduct research without the pursuance of a hypothesis, which requires the additional effort of researcher to formulate said hypothesis and adjust the paper to its operational determination of the subject of the research. There is a second opinion based on the fact that hypotheses make up the research process framework, and suggests the other elements of the research goal are not as important. This understanding directly promotes a methodology built solely on a system of hypotheses and indicators as a sufficient road to project realization. The research goal of this paper is to determine the importance of creating hypotheses with all their necessary scientific attributes by using a comparative analysis between the two above-mentioned scientific research approaches. Keywords: Hypothesis, Scientific Research, Scientific Research Method, Subject of Research

81-86

Authors: Prof. Borivoje B Prokopovic Ph.D, Zoran Seizovic MSc

Nowadays, management activity inevitably involves computer, lap top, mobile phone, Internet and IT application. Modern information availability approach is necessary component of a successful manager, especially having in mind the newest happenings on new technology market (lap top, notebook, I pack, USB, CD and other flash memories). There is no place for the old way of behaving in modern business. Кey words: manager, business, modern technology...

93-100

Authors: Mehmed Alibasic, Ph.D, Nada Vignjević-Djordjevic Ph.D, Nemanja Jevtic, Slavena Jevtic

In the last 30 years has drastically increased importance of multinationals in world trade. This is partly caused by the increased integration of national economies and technical progress, especially in the field of communication. Increased number of multinational companies to put the tax administration and the company before any taxation matters more difficult, because the individual national rules for taxation of multinational companies can not be seen in isolation but must be viewed in a broad international context. The requirement to comply with laws and administrative regulations may differ from country to country creates additional problems for multinational companies. Different requirements may be associated with the additional workload for a multinational company and lead to higher costs related to compliance with these regulations than is the case with a similar company that operates exclusively under one tax sovereignty. Contentious issues, both for tax administrations and for multinational companies, resulting primarily from the practical difficulties in relation to establishing the expenditure and revenue companies or business units within the multinational companies that are taken into account in a particular country, especially when they concern jobs closely related. Key words: taxes, national regulations, transfer prices, income, expences.

114-124

Authors: Danijela Despotović Ph.D, Vojislav Ilić, Igor Mladenović

The aim of this study is to indicate the growing importance of the active innovation policy in the contemporary economic conditions. A dominant attitude in the studies dedicated to the analysis of national innovation policies is that the national innovative capacity denotes a key determinant of the international competitiveness of the countries. The improvement of the national innovative capacity and building an adequate national innovation system are in the very epicenter of the activities of the country, and that is known as the innovation policy. In the 1960s and 1970s, the conduct of the national innovation policy was present only in the most economically developed countries, whereas during the 1980s and 1990s, it was also established in many developing countries along with the process of economic globalization. Key words: innovation policy, national innovative capacity, national innovation system, innovation clusters, new technologies, international competitiveness