International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research

3

Authors: Ye. Ya. Kostenko, V. S. Melnyk, L. F. Horzov

Background. The risk of chronic gingivitis is increased in patients who undergo orthodontic treatment. It is known that the gingivitis is closely correlated with the level of hygiene. Objective. The study involved 123 orthodontic patients with chronic catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis that developed during the rst two months of active orthodontic treatment. We chose vITIS orTНoDonTIС (DENTAID INTERNATIONAL, Spain) that contains active ingredients we need to support healthy state of oral cav- ity. All studied patients were 12–15 years old. Methods. For dental examination we used health indices OHI-S according Greene-Vermillion (1964). Gums bleeding was determined according to a modi ed SbI index by Muhlemann (1971), in ammation of the gingival margin was assessed by PMA index Parma (1960). Results. Therapeutic treatment consisted of the following: all patients underwent correction of oral hygiene, removal of dental plaque. Vitis ORTHODONTIC was prescribed due to the manufacturer's recommendations: rinse 15 ml for 30 seconds after normal procedures of oral hygiene. Eating or drinking is not recommended during the next 30 minutes after using this product. The results proved a high anti-in ammatory e cacy of the treat- ment schemes. Conclusions. The complex therapy of early manifestations of in ammation in periodontal had a positive effect on the subjective feelings of patients and health performance rate, gum in ammation and bleeding.

4

Authors: V. V. Ilika

Background. The oxidative modi cation of proteins is lately pivotal to pathologists and it is a new way of research on different pathological conditions, as well as the diagnostics of in ammation processes in placenta. Objective. The study was aimed at the research of nitro peroxides and establishing the speci c features of oxidative modi cation of proteins in in ammation of placenta with iron de cient anaemia in the pregnant. Methods. Сhemiluminescent and histochemical technique (with bromphenol blue on ‘acidic’ and ‘basic’ proteins according to Mikel Calvo) was applied. Results. The intensity of nitro peroxides glow in chorioamnionitis and basal deciduitis increased in comparison with the samples of physiological and iron de cient anaemia gestation. At the same time in chorioamnionitis the glow intensity is higher than in basal deciduitis. Due to the results of immune histochemical technique held while analysing the samples, together with chorioamnionitis and basal deciduitis the R/B increases and in basal deciduitis the rate, is probably, higher, than in chorioamnionitis. At the same time, the extent of oxidative modi cation of proteins in cases of in ammation with iron de cient anaemia in the pregnant is on the average higher than with no iron de cient anaemia in the pregnant. Conclusions. High level of nitro peroxides in placentae basal plate in secundines in ammation, the increase in r/b rate, in other words the prevalence of ‘acidic’ proteins over ‘basic’ ones, is evidenced due to the increase of the intensity of oxidative modi cation processes of proteins in cases of deciduitis.

4

Authors: L. P. Martynyuk, L. Z. Vons, O. O. Ruzhytska

Background. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the severest complications of diabetes. Microalbumi- nuria (MAU) is one of the rst signals of DKD and an important pathogenetic mechanism of disease progression. With diabetes antioxidant properties worsen signi cantly. Objective. The aim was to investigate the effect of L-arginine on oxidative stress parameters and microal- buminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease patients. Methods. In total, 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and 30 healthy in- dividuals (control group) took part in the study. The patients were divided into 2 congruent groups. The 1-st group of patients (n=33), in addition to standard therapy, received L-arginine 4.2 g intravenously for 5 days, after that they took it 1.0 g orally three times a day during meals for 1 month. The second group of patients (n=24) received a standard therapy. The concentration of lipid peroxidation products was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The de- termination of MAU was carried out in morning portion of urine immunological semiquantitative using test strips. Results. Signi cant improvement in indexes of lipid peroxidation was observed in both groups after thera- py (p˂0.01), but in patients treated with L-arginine it was more expressed (p˂0.01). The standard therapy did not signi cantly affect the level of MAU (p˃0.05). The patients treated with L-Arginine, showed a signi cant reduction in MAU (p˂0.01). Conclusions. L-arginine facilitates the correction of lipid peroxidation processes and reduces the severity of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease that slows down its progression.

5

Authors: M. M. Khudobiak, M. I. Marushchak, L. M. Holovatiuk, T. I. Datsko

Background. According to preliminary results obtained, the development of hypoxemia caused by chest trauma affected lipid peroxidation stimulation leading to disruption of cell membranes structure and consequently cell death closing the ‘vicious’ circle, which in our opinion and according to the literature cause multiple organ failure. Objective. The aim of our study was to determine the features of morphological changes in cases of heart, lungs, liver injury after associated chest and both thighs trauma in rats. Methods. For histological examination the pieces of left ventricle tissues of heart, lungs and liver were used, which were xed in 10% neutral formalin solution, dehydrated and embedded in para n blocks. Results. It was established that associated trauma of chest and both thighs in 1 day after the injury is accompanied by disturbances of hemodynamics in parenchymal organs due to venous congestion that occurs during the development of cardiovascular disease caused by traumatic shock. In the most severe period of maximum likelihood of complications, within 3 days, respiratory hypoxia, cardiovascular disorders, metabolic acidosis, and induced programmed cell death may develop. Conclusions. On the background of increasing pulmonary oedema (thickening of inter air sac membranes) caused by associated trauma of chest and both thighs in rats after only one day of the experiment hemodynamic changes in heart (low-blood supply of vessels in epicardium and isolated blood vessels of venous type) and liver (mainly plethora of blood vessels) were observed, which lead to morphological changes of myocardium within 3 days.

6

Authors: O. A. Nazarchuk, D. V. Paliy, N. I. Osadchuk

Background. Infections caused by Pseudomonas are one of the topical issues of medicine. Objective. The aim of the research was to study sensityvity to antibiotics, antiseptics of P. aeruginosa clini- cal strains that cause infectious complications in patients with burns. Methods. Microbiological study of biological material, received from 435 patients with burns of the 3rd stages (2011-2015 years). In early terms of burn disease 127 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from patients. Standard methods were used to identify clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa by their morphological, tinc- tirial, culture and biochemical properties. The research of antimicrobial action of antiseptics, antibiotics against Pseudomonas were carried out by means of standard methods according to the Directive of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (no. 167 from 05.04.2007 р.) and guidelines of national committee of clinical and Laboratory Study (NCCLS, 2002). Results. It was established that P. aeruginosa caused infectious complications in 23.9% of patients among other pathogens. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were found to be low sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanate (30.76%), ceftazidime (25.92%), cefoperazonum/sulbactam (46.15%), aztreonam (51.85%), tobramycin (38.46%), amicacin (70.34%), doxiciclini (26.92%), uoroquinolones (59.26%). The analitical progistic criteria of decrease of sensitivity to ceftazidime, cefepim, meropenem and gati oxacin were found in P. aeruginosa. This pathogen was determined to be sensitive to decasan ®, antimicrobial composition of decamethoxine ®, iodine pvidone. Conclusions. Clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, being highly resistant to antibiotics, are also very sensitive to antiseptics decasan ®, antimicrobial of decamethoxine®, povidone iodine.

6

Authors: N. V. Hasiuk

Background. Periodontal diseases are a topical issue of contemporary dentistry because they are accompanied by severe morphological and functional disorders of maxillodental system; and are characterized by polyetiology and a number of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the pathogenic mechanisms of generalized periodontitis in relation to polymorphism of nuclear transcription factor nF- κb1. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic factors in the development of generalized periodontitis and the relationship of this parameter with immunohistochemical a liation for cellular in ltrate of the lamina propria of gum at this nosology in young people. Hence, 2 groups were formed: І – control and II – observational. Methods. Polymorphic gene section nF-κb1 was determined using the cells of buccal epithelium of the examined people by means of polymerase chain reaction. Collection of material was performed with sterile disposable dental brush, followed by the introduction of a reagent in ependorph with DNA Express reagent (LyTeh NPF, Russia). Genome deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated by DNA Express set (LyTeh, Moscow). Results. The lack of correlation in this case indicates that no matter how parameters change, relatively major genotype (Del/Del) in this case is unchanged and the determining factor causes the development of generalized periodontitis, clinical picture of which is rapidly progressing. Conclusions. Results of correlation analysis proved that genotype (Del/Del), as polymorphic variant of gene transcription factor nF-κb1, was signi cantly associated with the emergence of rapidly progressive periodontitis in young people.

7

Authors: O. M. Oleshchuk, H. Ya. Loi

Leptin is one of adipocyte-secreted hormones. It signals to the brain and other tissues about the status of body energy reserves. Circulating leptin levels are directly proportional to the amount of the body fat. Leptin concentration increases when surfeit and decreases during fasting. Obese patients are hyperleptinemic compared with thin persons and they are tolerant to the central hypothalamic effects of leptin. The reduced sensitivity toward exogenous and endogenous leptin is commonly referred to as leptin resistance. Alterations in the signaling of the long isoform of the leptin receptor play the crucial role in leptin resistance. Surfeit may induce leptin resistance and other metabolic sequelae of obesity. Leptin insensitivity and insulin resistance play a major role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Metformin remains the preferred rst-line pharmacologic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It reduces hepatic glucose production, increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissue and can lead to weight loss. Metformin decreases both insulin and leptin concentration, restores the sensitivity to these hormones. But some studies have shown poor relationship between metformin action and leptin level. And the mechanism of metformin action on leptin resistance remains unclear. Thus, these issues should be studied as well as polymorphisms in genes encoding metformin action.

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Authors: I. M. Sarapuk, H. A. Pavlyshyn, L. Lacina, B. Królak-Olejnik

During the past few decades, advancements in the perinatal and neonatal intensive care have led to a sig- ni cant survival of premature infants. However neurodevelopmental outcomes remain the major issues of concern. Developmental care is an approach that aims to reduce the mismatches between the extra- and intra- uterine environment, decrease the stress of preterm newborns in neonatal intensive care units, and thus promote optimal neurobehavioral development of the infant. The Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) model was developed as a clinical framework for the implementation of developmental care. The model focuses on detailed reading of each individual infant’s behavior. By observing the infant during a routine assessment (before, during and after) and a detailed description of his/her behavioral responses, a professional can assess the ability of the in- fant’s immature nervous system to tolerate the environment and care manipulations. Such evaluation will enable one to determine the adequacy of the environment and care to meet the infant’s opportunities and needs, with subsequent corrections and adaptation. NIDCAP’s aim is to support the infant in his/her interaction with the environment as an active participant in caregiving within a family. With the help of NIDCAP approaches in neonatal care medical staff will study how to read and interpret in- fants’ behavior, thus hearing their voices.

4

Authors: N. V. Pasyechko, V. M. Kulchinska, L. V. Radetska, L. V. Naumova, I. V. Smachylo, A. O. Bob, I. P. Savchenko, N. I. Yarema, M. Y. Havryliuk, A. I. Balaban, O. O. Bob, M. A. Dzhula, T. I. Krytskyi

OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS Journal Help Share it with: Share USER You are logged in as... okolodnytska My Journals My Profile Log Out NOTIFICATIONS View (152 new) Manage JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Scope Search Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE Make font size smallerMake font size defaultMake font size larger INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians HOME ABOUT USER HOME SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES AUTHOR GUIDELINES SUBMISSION EDITORIAL BOARD INDEX & RANKING CONTACT Home > No 2 (2016) > Pasyechko VITAMIN D AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 N. V. Pasyechko, V. M. Kulchinska, L. V. Radetska, L. V. Naumova, I. V. Smachylo, A. O. Bob, I. P. Savchenko, N. I. Yarema, M. Y. Havryliuk, A. I. Balaban, O. O. Bob, M. A. Dzhula, T. I. Krytskyi Abstract Background. As it is established that diabetes mellitus causes metabolic disturbances of all types (first of all because of carbohydrate metabolism), affection of blood vessels, nerves, different organs and tissues. However, the influence of DM on the level of microelements is still not investigated enough. Despite the sufficient variety of medicaments, compensation of diabetes mellitus is achieved in less than 30% of patients. For this reason, the search of new ways of treatment which are aimed at the improvement of carbohydrate metabolism is an urgent issue. Objective. The research was aimed to reveal the deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and its correlation with carbohydrate metabolism. Methods. Thirty five patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2 aged 55-74 with illness duration 2-4 years were examined. The control group included 35 healthy people of the same age and sex. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] were tested by means of radioimmunoassay. The level of glycated haemoglobin was tested by means of liquid chromatography. Results. Correlation of the level of vitamin D with the degree of diabetes mellitus Type 2 compensation has been detected. Conclusions. A clear tendency to the improvement of diabetes mellitus Type 2 compensation after medication correction with vitamin D was evidenced.

4

Authors: V. V. Koptiukh, I. Y. Galaychuk

Background. It is established that granulation wound has uneven bumpy surface and modern electric dermatomes cut skin with a smooth internal surface. Therefore there is no tightly contact between the smooth surface of a graft and granulation tissue. Objective. The method of harvesting by split-skin grafts with variable thickness (embossed) is proposed. Methods. An embossed skin graft with sinusoidal surface of inner side was obtained by modified dermatome with special technological plate. The embossed autografting of skin was applied in 16 patients (21-60 years old) with deep burns of 7-9% of body. For clinical comparison the part of granulating wounds in each patient was covered with embossed transplants and the other part with smooth split-thickness grafts. Results. During ultrasound Doppler examination of grafts on the fifth postop day the active blood flow in embossed transplants with 4-6 blood outbreaks and only 2-3 flashes in smooth graft were found. Clinically the embossed transplants were engraftment on 6-7th day. On 18-21st day the roughness of grafts surface disappeared. In two months the graft together with subcutaneous fatty tissue was taken in crease. Donor wound: on 14-15th day its surface was like “slate” but on 25-30th day the undulation of the re-epithelisation skin disappeared. Conclusions. The improvement of dermatome design with technological plate allows cutting scalloped split-skin grafts of varied thickness (embossed). Split-thickness embossed grafts combine anatomic and physiological features of skin cover granulation wound to adhere tightly because of the enlargement of area of their internal surface without retraction and/or secondary shrinkage. Donor wounds, after the harvesting of embossed skin grafts, contain the morphological elements of dermis which contribute to their complete spontaneous healing.

4

Authors: N. V. Hasiuk

Background. The results of a comprehensive study of cytological features of epithelial differentiation processes in gums in patients with generalized periodontitis are presented in the article. Objective. The objects of clinical observations were patients with generalized periodontitis. The disease duration was 3-5 years. Methods. Material for the study was gums epithelium taken from a marginal area of gums in young adults, with generalized periodontitis. The epithelium was removed with a spatula, with subsequent transfer to a glass plate and drying in the open air for 3-5 minutes. The colouring of the material was done according to Romanovskyy-Himza, with a next microscopic and morphological analysis, taking into account the percentage of different forms of epithelial cells in normal and due to an age aspect. Results. One of cytological signs of periodontal pathology in young people is epithelial cells with signs of irritation. It should be noted that these cellular elements belong to the intermediate layer of cells that meet histological sections and ribbed surface layers are characterized by homogenization and vacuolization of cytoplasm as a manifestation of prolonged irritation by bacterial cell aggression. Conclusions. Analysis of cytograms proved general periodontitis in the examined patients, in absence of adequate therapy as automotive continuous process. Its components may regress under the influence of effective treatment and re-activate during exacerbation of the inflammatory process under the influence of pathogenic factors such as microbial, hygienic and immune.

4

Authors: M. I. Maruschak, M. M. Khudobyak, I. Ya. Krynytska, I. V. Antonyshyn

Background. The injured with polytrauma are classified as extremely severe patients, as their emergency care and intensive care is followed by significant difficulties, frequent development of complications, high mortality and survivors disability. Objective. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of lipid peroxidation in heart, lungs, liver and blood of rats in early and late periods of combined traumatic injury of chest and hips and to establish their influence on the development of multiple organ failure. Methods. The study was conducted on 70 adult male white nonlinear rats. It was determined the content of lipid hydroperoxides and concentration of TBA-active products in erythrocyte mass, heart, lungs and liver. Results. The data prove activation of free radical oxidation at the first day of post-traumatic period. Analysis of the data evidences the increase in of lipid hydroperoxides (HPL) rate in liver homogenate in group E1 in 1.5 times, in all subsequent periods of the research the increase in rate fluctuated within 1.9-2.0 times. In blood and heart the HPL rate increased twice in group E1, reached maximum in group E2 and gradually decreased till the end of the experiment, data exceeded the control group. The highest level of HPL was determined in lung tissues (r≤0.01). In the post traumatic period the highest TBA-AP was detected in lungs and liver. Conclusions. In case of simulated trauma (injury of chest with fractures of both hips) hyperactivation processes of free radical oxidation is observed in 1 day, reaching a peak in 7-14 days of post-traumatic period in blood, tissues, liver, heart and lungs if compared to the control group causing multiple organ failure.

5

Authors: V. I. Denesyuk, O. V. Denesyuk, N. O. Muzyka

Background. According to the national registries of European countries and epidemiological studies, the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) among adults is 2,0-5,0%, and increases due to age, in people aged over 70 years old it is 10,0-20,0%. Objective. To find out the specific features of remodeling of the left atrium and change of vasodilation factors in ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and to establish correlation relationships. Methods. A full clinical examination of 153 patients with CHF (105 men and 48 women) was conducted to achieve this objective. The surveyed patients underwent clinical examinations; spectrophotometric parameters: quantification of markers of vasodilation, metabolites of monoxide nitrogen – nitrates and nitrites with Gris reagent; content of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in serum - ELISA for the set of Nitric Oxide Synthase 3, Endothelial (NOS3) Human ELISA Kit (Cloud-Clone Corp, USA). Electrocardiographic (ECG) examination was conducted in 12 standard conventional leads on electrocardiograph by the Hungarian production Heart Screen 112 D. Results. The 1st group of the examined patients with reduced LV EF prevails III (significant) degree LA dilatation in 33 (70.21%) cases, II (moderate) degree of LA dilatation was determined in 14 (29.78%), and I (initial) degree was not defined at all. In the 2nd group of the patients with preserved LV EF mainly the II degree of LA dilatation was determined in 44 (44.51%) cases, and decreased LA dilation in 39 (36.79%) cases (p<0.01), and III degree of LA dilation was defined in 23 (21.69%) cases (p<0.01). In patients with stable coronary heart disease, complicated by heart failure with reduced LV EF and II degree of LA dilatation, eNOS levels in the serum was 449.00±39.91 pg/ml, whereas in patients with stable coronary heart disease, complicated by heart failure with preserved LV EF and II stage of LA dilatation – 673.56±50.98 pg/ml (p<0.01). At III stage of LA dilatation in patients of the 1st group level eNOS was 344.20±51.98 pg/ml in the patients of the 2nd group – 616.90±36.49 pg/ml (p<0.01). At the same degree and with LA dilation in the patients of the 2nd group eNOS was 750.27±99.85 pg/ml. Conclusions. The structural and functional changes of the left atrium and changing factors of vasodilation in patients with stable coronary artery disease of II-III functional classes complicated by heart failure of I-III functional classes are studied. It is established that in the examined patients with stable coronary heart disease complicated by heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction mainly III (significant) degree of dilatation of the left atrium was determined, while in patients with stable coronary heart disease, complicated by heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction mainly II (moderate) degree of dilation of the left atrium was determined. In comparison with the results of research among the patients with stable coronary heart disease, complicated by heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and a group of patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, it was determined a significant decrease in eNOS, nitrites, total amount of nitrites and nitrates.

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Authors: I. R. Bekus, M. V. Kyryliv, I. B. Ivanusa, O. B. Furka, I. Ya. Krynytska, M. I. Marushchak

Background. Lipid metabolism disorders in the organism affected by environmental pollutants, including poisoning with cadmium and lead salts are of topical matter nowadays. Objective. The study was aimed to examine biochemical features of lipid metabolism in rats subjected to toxic damage by lead and cadmium salts and treated with carnitine chloride and Algigel. Methods. Experiments were carried out on white mature outbred male rats weighing 180-200 g. To cause the toxic damage the animals were administered with aqueous solution of cadmium chloride and lead acetate daily for the period of 30 days using intra-gastric lavage. The indices of lipid metabolism were detected by biochemical methods. Results. In animals treated with cadmium chloride and lead acetate the following changes were observed: HDL-cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased, resulting in 87% of the levels in the intact animals on the third day, 84% on the fifth and 80% on the seventh day. Conversely, concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol significantly increased during the experiment. Respectively, the ratios for HDL-cholesterol are 240%, 352%, and 388%; and for VLDL-cholesterol 108%, 116%, and 132%. Conclusions. Lipids profile of the rats displayed changes in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins of low, high and very low density.

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Authors: Iu. M. Ordynskyi, O. V. Denefil

Background. Cardiovascular morbidity is a topical issue; stress is an essential contributing factor. Pathogenic links in damaging stress impact on the animal units of different reactivity is promising in disease prevention and development of individual correction methods. Objective. Stress-induced development of cardiovascular pathology is undeniable, the stress impact depending on individual systemic response, age and sex. Methods. 96 hypoxia high- and low-resistant (HR and LR, respectively) Wistar rats aged 5.5-6 months were used in experiments. Changes of lipid peroxidation processes, as well as protein oxidative modification, nitrite anion content and the indices of antioxidant defence under immobilizing stress were studied in the research. Results. Immobilizing stress causes the development of oxidative and carbonyl stress in HR and LR rats that is more pronounced in LR group; and the activation of antioxidant defence system. In males, stress development is concomitant with increased catalase activity as well as that of blood peroxidase, ceruloplasmin and reduced glutathione content, whereas increased catalase and ceruloplasmin activity has been found in HR females, and that of superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin – in LR group. As compared with the females, more intensive oxidative and nitroxidative stress, protein oxidative modification, and stress-related accumulation of circulating immune complexes have been found in the males. Conclusion. The most intensive oxidative and nitroxidative stress, protein oxidative modification, and stress-related accumulation of circulating immune complexes have been found in the hypoxia low-resistant males.

4

Authors: S. Marchyshyn, M. Shanayda, I. Kernychna, O. Demydiak, I. Dahym, T. Berdey, I. Potishnyj

Background. Organic acids are the compounds of aliphatic or aromatic orders, which are widespread in flora and have a wide range of biological activity. We studied the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of organic acids in the aboveground part of some unofficial medicinal plants from families Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Chenopodiaceae is relevant. Objective. The objects of the research are the aboveground part of unofficial medicinal plants from families Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Methods. Identification of organic acids was performed by means of thin-layer and paper chromatography, their content was determined by means of gas chromatography, the quantitative amount of organic acids was defined by titrimetric analysis. Results. In the studied raw plants the quality of organic acids and their total contents were determined (in terms of malic acid). It is established that the maximum content of organic acids is accumulated in the grass Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), and the minimal is in the leaves of Chrysánthemum xhortorum L. variety Apro (Asteraceae). In all studied raw plants the dominance of aliphatic acids (citric, malic, oxalic and malonic) was determined by means of gas chromatography. Benzoic is predominant among the aromatic acids. Conclusions. In the studied raw plants the quality of organic acids and their total content were determined. The following results can be used in developing the methods of quality control of the studied raw plants and during the study of new bioactive substances.

4

Authors: S. Smiyan, M. Franchuk, R. Komorovsky

Background. The risk of chronic kidney failure increases by 3–10 times with the steady increasing of uric acid level in the blood. It is known that the protein fractions is closely correlated with the level of uric acid. Objective. Microalbuminuria and microglobulinuria are predictors of kidney damage. The study involved 50 patients with gout who had never received preventive treatment of gouty nephropathy. We choosed Canephron N (Bionorica, Neumarkt, Germany) as a combined phytodrug with nephroprotective effect. All studied patients were men with obesity. Results. According to standard examination kidney damage haven’t been found, but laboratory tests on microproteinuria showed that the vast majority of patients have signs of subclinical gouty nephropathy. Conclusions. Canephron N in complex gout treatment helps to decrease uric acid level in the blood and increase its excretion.

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Authors: H. Saturska, Yu. Bondarenko, U. Saturska

Background. The change in metabolism of the connective tissue elements of heart is the central chain in pathogenesis of diffuse ischemic necrotic cardiosclerosis (DINC), which occurs after repeated epinephrine injury of myocardial tissues. Objective. This study proves that trimetazidine (TM) metabolic therapy has a protective effect on the development of DINC in rats with different rates of hypoxia resistance. Methods. Male white rats were divided into three groups due to the different rates of hypoxia resistance by means of the method of hypobaric hypoxia: rats with low, middle and high rates of hypoxia resistance. Each group was divided into equal subgroups: a control group, a DINC group (injections of epinephrine hydrotartrate (0,5 mg/kg of body weight) and calcium gluconate (5 mg/kg of body weight) two times), a control group administrated with trimetazidine dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg of body weight), a DINC group treated with TM every day (10 mg/kg of body weight) for all period of observation. Concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in blood serum was evaluated on the 7th, 14th and 30th days after the pathology simulation. Histological examination of Masson trichrome staining of myocardium was performed on the 30th days after the pathology simulation. Results. DINC increased the concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in blood serum on the 7th, 14th and 30th days after the pathology simulation, and followed by metabolic imbalances in diffuse connective tissue elements, which are rich in collagens. DINC+TM increased the concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in blood serum less intensively. Conclusions. The intensity of metabolic imbalances in diffuse connective tissue elements is the highest in the low resistant animals to hypoxia. Those results are confirmed by histological examination of the myocardium of rats with different resistance to hypoxia. Fibrotic regions in myocardium are rich in collagens. It has been revealed that the most pronounced therapeutic effect of TM is observed in animals with low resistance to hypoxia, slight – in animals with medium resistance to hypoxia, and the lowest – in animals with high resistance to hypoxia.

5

Authors: I. Krynytska

Background. System of nitric oxide (NO), which consists of NO, and its metabolites, is very important for various biological processes. NO is signalling molecules and mediators of intracellular and intercellular interaction that causes relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessel walls, inhibits platelet aggregation and their adherence, is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, cell proliferation. Objective. The aim of our research was to study the content of nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, to substantiate their role in pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome in experiment. Methods. The experiments were performed on 56 outbread male rats, 180-220 g in weight. The first experimental model of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) was made by imposition of double ligature on common bile duct and its further dissection with a scalpel. The second experimental HPS model was made by 8-week intragastric administration of oil solution CCl4 (400 g per 1 L), 0.5 ml per 100 g of body weight on the first day of the experiment, 0.3 ml per 100 g on the third day of the experiment and then every third day until the end of the experiment 0.3 ml per 100 g. A mixture of corn flour, lard and cholesterol and alcohol solution was added to the standard diet of the rats. Results. The total content of nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum of the rats of the experimental group No.1 (on the 31st day after the common bile duct ligation) was significantly increased in 3.9 times (p1<0,001) if compared with the control group №1. In the rats of the 2nd experimental group (with carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhosis) the total content of nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum also significantly increased in 3.1 times (p1<0,001). Comparison of nitric oxide metabolites content in blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, which directly indicated about the processes in lung tissue, was great importance. Conclusions. So, in rats with experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome activation of nitroxydergic process by significant increase in nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage took place.

6

Authors: H. Falfushynska

Background. Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of gynaecological cancers. This is partly due to the lack of effective screening markers. Indices of oxidative stress are well-recognized prognostic criteria for tumorous transformation of tissue, but their value depends on the type of tumor and the stage of its development. Objective. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between antioxidant/pro-oxidant ratio and the signs of molecular lesions and apoptosis rate in blood of ovarian cancer patients and non-cancer ones. Results. The ovarian cancer group is marked by antioxidant/prooxidant balance shifting to oxidative damage in blood as the consequence of overexpression of oxyradicals (by 300%). Higher level of glutathione (by 366%), lower level of metallothioneins (by 65%) as well as higher level of lipid peroxidation (by 174%) and protein carbonyls (by 186%) in blood of ovarian cancer patients compared to the normal ovarian group have been observed. The signs of cytotoxicity are determined in blood of ovarian cancer patients: an increased (compared to control) level of DNA fragmentation (by 160%), choline esterase (up to twice), higher rate of both caspase dependent and caspase independent lysosomal mediated apoptosis. Conclusions. Cathepsin D activity both total and free, choline esterase activity, TBA-reactive substance and protein carbonyls level in blood could be used as the predictive markers of worse prognosis and the signs of human ovarian cancer.

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Authors: O. Fedortsiv, N. Haliyash, S. Nykytyuk

Background. The universality of the general adaptation syndrome and the need to study the impact of general adaptive responses on the occurrence and consequences of pathological processes, as well as detection of early signs of disadaptation, have been proven by numerous works. Objective. The aim of study was to explore the peculiarities of general non-specific adaptive reactions in pediatric population and to discuss the diagnostics effectiveness of general nonspecific adaptive reactions in early detection of health disorders in children of different age. Methods. The paper presents the results of laboratory and clinical tests, conducted in 185 healthy children aged 4-12 years and 42 children of the same age with community-acquired pneumonia. The characteristics and prevalence of general nonspecific adaptative reactions in healthy children of different age were given. Determination of adverse adaptative reactions (stress, training and overactivation) based on analysis of the general blood analysis is an early diagnostic criterion of individual health reduction of children. Results. The features of clinical course, the nature and direction of immune disorders of children with community-acquired pneumonia, depending on their adaptive systems, were revealed. The influence of conventional treatment regimens of children with pneumonia on the state of adaptation processes was determined. Clinical diagnostic criteria for prognosis and treatment efficacy based on diagnostics of nonspecific adaptive responses in the dynamic of pneumonia were established. The proportion of morphometrically different blood lymphocytes in healthy children was determined. It was revealed that the blood of preschool age children dominated with type I cells (61.3±1.7) %. The relative content of lymphocytes (morphological type II) (28.7±1.6) %, type III – (6.1±0.6)%, type IV – (3.9±0.6)% was observed. Conclusions. General nonspecific adaptative reactions of mild and increased activation, as the most conducive to children’s age, demonstrate a balance of the relative content of different types of lymphocytes according to morphometrical data.

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Authors: I. Galaychuk

Background. In women with breast cancer the significant postop lateral deviation of the nipple-areola complex may occur if the partial breast resection with lymphadenectomy was performed through one-line straight incision from the middle axilla to the edge of areola. Objective. To describe radical oncoplastic breast resection with avoiding of nipple-areola deviation and preservation of the symmetry of breasts. Methods. The study included 16 women, age 32 to 67 years. Breast cancer at the stage I was found in 5 patients, stage IIA – in 4, stage IIB – in 2, and stage IIIA – in 5 patients. We proposed to use curved (broken line) incision with 120° angle instead of linear incision. Oncoplastic breast resection began with incision of skin and soft tissues in axilla, along the pectoral muscle downward to lateral contour of breast, and then direction was changed at an angle of 120° towards areola. The tumor projection was encircled by two semi-oval incisions, and then partial breast resection with axillary lymphadenectomy was done. After morphological confirmation of “clear” surgical margins the wound was sutured along the trajectory of the incision. Results. All women rated the postop cosmetic result as “good” and “satisfactory”. The selected configuration of tissue incisions provided physiological position of the operated breast. Conclusions. Method of “broken line” incision of skin and soft tissue at an angle of 120° allows performing the radical breast resection with axillary lymph node dissection and prevents postoperative lateral deviation of nipple-areola, and maintains symmetry of the breasts.

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Authors: O. Fedortsiv, J. Zejda, N. Luchyshyn , G. Brozek

Background. Asthma and other allergic diseases as influenced by environmental and familial factors might be targeted using preventive measures. These diseases are a matter of some urgency in Ukraine because of the clinical, social and economic importance of childhood. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalence of asthma, spastic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, unspecified hypersensitization and some selected environmental and familial factors in a population sample of 6 to14-yrs old Western Ukraine schoolchildren. Methods. The data set of the study was collected using a questionnaire-based survey, containing the data of 4871 urban and rural children aged 6 to 14 years. Correlation of asthma and allergic disease with familial and environmental factors was examined by means of multivariate logistic regression. Results. Increased risk of asthma (1.7 %) was associated with the urban residence (OR=1.8; p=0.04) and high parental education (OR=1.8; p=0.02); spastic bronchitis (6.2%) – with parental allergy (OR=1.3; p=0.03); atopic eczema (6.2 %) – with younger age (OR=1.3; p=0.03), high parental education (OR=1.3; p=0.03), parental allergy (OR=1.4; p=0.02), tobacco smoke at home (OR=0.7; p=0.01) and household density (OR=0.6; p=0.001); diagnosis of unspecified allergic sensitization (11.8 %) was related to high parental education (OR=1.2; p=0.03), parental employment (OR=0.8; p=0.02) and pets at home (OR=1.2; p=0.06). Conclusions. This study identifies that lifestyle and building factors are associated with an altered prevalence of common childhood allergic disease. Prevention may need to address the minimization of potential risk-factors

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Authors: A. Roy, R. Dalui, M. Kalinski, A. Bandyopadhyay

Background. Vertical jump test (VJT) is used in some sport disciplines to evaluate an individual’s lower extremity power. However, VJT data is unavailable in young Indian boxers and swimmers. Objective. The given study was aimed to evaluate the VJT, anthropometric profile and body composition in young male Indian swimmers and boxers and compare the data with sedentary control group. The study also explored the relationship of VJT with anthropometric parameters and different components of body composition in the studied groups. Methods. Male boxers (n=40), swimmers (n=40) and sedentary subjects (n=40) with similar socio-economic background with age ranging between 21 and 25 years were sampled for the study from Kolkata, India. Body composition was determined by skinfold measurements and VJT was evaluated by Sargent Jump Test. Results. One way ANOVA shows significant (p<0.001) difference in body mass, %fat, total body fat (TF), lean body mass (LBM) and VJT score in boxers, swimmers and sedentary groups. Significant positive correlation of LBM with VJT score was associated with a greater jumping height in swimmers. On the other hand, VJT had significant negative (p<0.05) correlation with sum of all the skinfolds, individual skinfold and total fat in both athlete group as well as in the sedentary group. Conclusion. Significant intergroup difference was found in the studied parameters. VJT scores obtained in all the groups were well comparable. Higher value of body %fat imposed the unfavourable effect towards achieving higher jumping height mainly in sedentary group.

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Authors: O. Oleshchuk, K. Posokhova, A. Mudra

Background. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs upon restoration of hepatic blood flow after a period of ischemia. Objective. The study establishes that stimulation or blockade of nitric oxide synthesis has a protective effect during ischemia-reperfusion. Methods. Male albino rats which were divided into four equal groups: sham-operated control, ischemia and reperfusion group (0.9 % saline i.p.) for 3 days, group pre-treated with L-arginine (25 mg/kg i.p.), group pre-treated with L-NAME (10 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days before ischemia-reperfusion maneuver. Complete ischemia of the median and left hepatic lobes was induced by clamping the left branches of the portal vein and the hepatic artery for 45 min. Rats were sacrificed after 3-h reperfusion. Nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible) expression, nitric oxide stabile metabolites (NO2, NO3) content, AST and ALT activities were determined. Histological examination of liver tissue was performed. Conclusions. Relative NO deficiency, due to eNOS inhibition, is central in the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. Replacing NO content with either precursors or via donor drugs represents novel methods in ameliorating ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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Authors: P. Lizis

Background. The surgical removal of heel spur (HS) provokes many controversial opinions, but clinical studies show the risk of complication after operation. An alternative to the surgical removal of HS is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT), because it is non-invasive method. Objective. The aim of the study is to compare the short-term analgesic effects of ESWT and conservative treatment (CT) in males with chronic HS. Methods. Sixty patients (mean age 54.9±4.3 years; range 42 to 59 years) were examined who had pain associated with HS. In the shockwave group (group 1) patients received 1000–2000 impulses of shocks to the affected heel in a single session. The patients in this group took a series of 5 ESWT in 1 week intervals. Patients in the control group (group 2) at the same time received CT consisting of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), orthotics and a local cortisone injection. The basic method of research was to evaluate pain according to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 0–10. The patients of the two groups were tested before the treatment, after the last treatment and 3 months and 6 months after the treatment. Results. A significant decrease of VAS (p=0.000) was seen in the shockwave group. In the control group no significant decrease of VAS was seen. Conclusions. ESWT reduces pain more effectively than CT in men with chronic HS.

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Authors: H. Falfushynska, L. Gnatyshyna, A. Shulgai , V. Shidlovski, O. Stoliar

Background. Thyroid disorders are the second most common endocrinopathies found in humans and animals. Determination of their key molecular markers presents a special interest. Objective. We studied iodine and copper accumulation in nodular, paranodular and contralateral (not affected tissue by node) tissues of human thyroid gland in relation to the level of metal-binding proteins, potential antioxidants, and oxidative changes in tissue for this goal. Lower level of organificated iodine and higher level and mass fraction of inorganic iodine and copper in the nodular and paranodular tissue versus contralateral part of thyroid gland was established. Results. The level of both metal-binding and apo-form of metallothioneins was higher. Content of reduced glutathione was lower in node-affected tissue compared to the contralateral part. Signs of oxidative stress (higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-transferase and level of oxyradicals) and cytotoxicity (higher cathepsin D activity, higher level of DNA strand breaks and glycolysis activation) in affected tissue were observed. The range of indice variability in paranodular tissue was smaller than in nodule compared to the parenchyma of contralateral part. Conclusions. Excess of copper unbound to metallothionein in goitrous-changed tissue and high level of inorganic iodine could be the reason for elevated DNA fragmentation and increased lysosomal membrane permeability and activation of antioxidant defense. The main criterions of goiter formation were represented by low level of organificated iodine and high level of DNA damage in thyroid gland.