Journal of Advances in Nanomaterials

28

Authors: Alireza Heidari

In the current paper, Glucose (Dextrose), Fructose and Galactose–oxidase enzymes are used as stabilization medium due to its more efficiency, ability for more accurate controlling the enzyme reaction, protecting against wasting of enzyme as well as simple and easy use and exchange of enzyme medium after performing some levels of surface modification and developing Nano Endohedral Fullerenes (Endofullerenes) on Californium plate. For better connecting and stabilizing the enzyme on the medium, the prepared medium is washed by high concentration Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid and a large volume of deionized water and for protecting enzyme from devastating effect of Californium and prohibiting them to become inactive, surface is covered with Cystamine before stabilization. Regarding the large size of Glucose (Dextrose), Fructose and Galactose–oxidase enzymes compared to surface of medium, a connective material with amid at one end and Pyrine at the other end is used as transfer agent and for stabilizing this connection, the prepared medium is placed into dimethylformamide (DMF) solution for a couple of hours. Activity of stabilized enzyme at 460 (nm) wavelength recorded by spectroscope was depicted against time to evaluate its stability in various times. The prepared medium, which has a large amount of Glucose (Dextrose), Fructose and Galactose–oxidase enzymes, can be used as electrode in sensors. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative measurement of food components is of great importance due to high cost of traditional methods, in addition to tendency for more accurate and sensitive detecting of these components. Glucose (Dextrose), Fructose, Galactose and Cholesterol and Cholesterol are such compounds that they frequently measure. Various methods are used to detect these food elements. However, the necessity for accurate measurement of these two compounds with high sensitivity, especially for food health issue, leads to developing biological methods, especially biosensors. Among them, biosensors based on conductive polymer nanostructures, especially Polyaniline (PANI), have been recently interested due to their unique characteristics. The current paper aims to introduce and investigate the previously performed studies about Polyaniline (PANI)–based biosensors for detecting Glucose (Dextrose), Fructose, Galactose and Cholesterol and Cholesterol. In addition, Glucose (Dextrose), Fructose and Galactose–oxidase electrochemical sensor is one of the best methods for detecting low amount of Glucose (Dextrose), Fructose and Galactose and applying Californium colloidal nanoparticles as a supplementary material in the structure of biosensor can be effective for improving its efficiency and optimum performance.