Pytannia literaturoznavstva

23-33

Authors: Olha Bandrovska

The article analyzes the critical work “James Joyce. The mystery of his artistic face”(1934) by the West Ukrainian writer and literary critic of 1920–30-ies Daria Vikonska, whose ideas about an outstanding Anglo-Irish writer correspond to contemporary critical discourse. It is stated that in analyzing J. Joyce’s “Ulysses” the writer applies psychoanalytic, receptive and intermedial approaches and traces such actual problems of contemporary humanities as nation, state, religious values and cultural traditions. Dialogic nature of Literary Studies has been chosen as a theoretical focus of analysis. It is shown that the system of dialogical interconnections is not only an artistic object of Literary Studies, but also the essential characteristics of a critical word about literature. Karl Popper’s thesis that the development of scientific knowledge should not be regarded as “a progressive, cumulative” process, because it requires constant revision and restructuring of theories is taken into account. The knowledge of world literary process is emerging in the interchange and interplay of critical approaches. In this “dialogical” perspective, the development of Ukrainian Literary Studies, including Ukrainian reception of Western modernism and works by James Joyce, is examined. It is shown that dialogism and Western European context of D. Vikonska’s statements about J. Joyce make it possible to consider her work as a fundamental one in national Literary Studies.

46-68

Authors: Hala Esmat Elkady

The given article treats the functioning of esoteric motives in francophone literature in general and in the creative work of French writer Ph. Ragueneau in particular. The light is thrown upon the genesis of concept “esoterism” in a modern scientific paradigm as well as the reasons and criteria of modulations of intellectual and literary reception of the esoteric, since the XIX century up to nowadays. The interrelations of the esoteric believes with discoveries of the epoch of scientific and technical progress are considered, the social aspect of distinction of the concepts “science” and “para-science” is designated. The phenomenon of presence splash of esoteric ideas in fiction and the ontological importance of the esoteric in the epoch of complex political and social conflicts is noted. On a material of the novel by Ph. Ragueneau “The Other Side of Life” is shown the artistic realization of esoteric ideas by the modern writer for interpretation of the psychological personal drama connected with death theme (it is the loss of the beloved person, suffering, mourning, etc.). A dialogue with the lost person by means of telepathy is written out in Ragueneau’s work using the art-style method of prosopopoeia, having features of metaleptic writing with the inherent variations of focalization and “reality effect” by Barthes. On the example of history of mourning of the husband on his died wife the author of the novel throws light upon the conflict of the Cartesian scientific thinking with the intervention of irrational during a human life, a final indispensability for the person to comprehend an idea of existence of the beyond, as well as close communication of any spiritual meditation with esoterics. Therefore the communicative diagram of the work becomes a transcommunicative diagram as, considering a discovery of psychoanalysis, the article proves, that the communication of the person with a material world always occurs through the area of unconscious, and consequently, paranormal. Discursive strategies of supernatural and invisible are studied in the work by Ragueneau also through the paratext, uniting the features of autobiographical and esoteric. And the individual esoteric experience stated be Ragueneau in the form of diarist writing, acts as a key of comprehension of the important psychological problems of a human life. It is concluded, that esoteric ideas in the literature often act as art method of escape from the reality during an epoch of wars and growth of violence.

81-87

Authors: Rostyslav Semkiv

The article underlines the possibility of Ukrainian satirical literature history. In general, literature uses different comic forms, such as burlesque, satire, humor, or irony. But we can speak about a particularly satirical work of literature, if an author elaborates mocking as the main purpose of a text. Besides, any comic form that develops in a work of literature makes clear the connection of writing with cultural and national identities, and this way the history of satire would be simultaneously the history of a community values in a certain epoch. The author of the article also stresses the particular role of burlesque, as a comic form that differs from satire, but exists in unison to it. Burlesque provokes a carnival festive laughter, which is pointed in all directions, while satire is precisely directed onto its particular object. According to M. Bakhtin theory of folk festive culture, an author of a burlesque piece does not remain outside of his laughter, while a satirist mocks, but remains serious himself. On the other hand, if burlesque unfolds as a stylistic lowering, it could lead to satire and often becomes a tool for it. Ukrainian literature encloses visible tradition of burlesque in parallel to the satirical one. Finally, it is concluded that Ukrainian history of burlesque and satirical literature is possible as integrated comic forms inside the model of national literature.

98-109

Authors: Ivo Pospíšil

The article treats one of the first samples of description of a tragical way of life of the emigrant environment in Prague post-revolutionary years: “Tundra. A Novel from Refugee Life” (1925). The author, Eugene Liatsky (1868–1942), was a writer of Belarus origin, a philologist, the expert of the eastern Slavic languages, one of key figures of Russian Prague emigration. He was known yet in pre-revolutionary Russia by his varied scientific, educational and publishing activity: as the publisher of magazine “Fires”, the researcher of I. Goncharov’s work, as well as of epistolary heritage of separate raznochinetz writers. E. Liatsky participated in Prague Russian emigration’s life‚ wrote poetry and prose‚ arranged literary anthologies‚ was the author and the co-author of Russian textbooks on wide base. The novel by its structure and poetics is connected with classical tradition of Russian prose of the second half of the 19th century; however there are also poetics groundworks of Russian modernism (heterogeneity of the text‚ complicatedness of a plot‚ introduction of publicism in a novelistic substance‚ aggressive enrichment of the dictionary). On art speech level the tradition is enriched functionally with new lexical layers. “Tundra” is original tragic novel about the end of old Russia.

123-136

Authors: Zhanna Bortnik

The author of the article summarizes the main trends of world literary works on history of monodrama's research and outlines potential field for further scientific research. J. Bortnik noted that the term “monodrama” being used by the authors, literary critics and art historians to refer the presence of one character in the book, one actor on the stage to demonstrate the monologic of character's expression. Meaning of the term is often giving by mixing literary and theatre terminology in dictionaries, theoretical articles. In this article J. Bortnik analyzes the works of German, British, American, Ukrainian, Russian and others literary and notes that their scientific research reflect the interdisciplinary approach of the study of the cultural and historical monodrama’s phenomenon; related monodrama as theatrical genre, part dramatization theory, form production, psychotherapeutic method, a form of subjectivity, special view on reality and art. The author of the article notes that these scientific research are local, which emphasis on the individual author’s, national, etc., phenomenon, and do not go beyond it to important theoretical generalizations. According to the view of the author of this article, monodrama went to the next level of development realized as a dramatic genre in the end of XX century, and was realized as a cultural and historical phenomenon in XXI century. Monodrama as unique artistic phenomena manifested through the implementation of compensatory functions: monodrama became the indicator of genuine human desire to preserve the authentic I and expand its capabilities by manifestation of its absolute right on “ego”-expression.

151-163

Authors: Svitlana Macenka

The report noted the important scientific contribution of the World Literature Department of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in medieval literature studies. It is emphasized that although the relevant literary school was not created, but there a serious foundation for literary phenomena of Western European Middle Ages research was laid, which was further developed. It is also indicated that primarily the publication of the textbooks The History of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance by M. S. Shapovalova, H. L. Rubanova and V. A. Motornyi, and The History of World literature. Western European Middle Ages (3rd – 14th cc.) by H. L. Rubanova contributed to this development. These textbooks are not only the source of information and guidance in the learning process, but also they convincingly demonstrated their scientific potential. The conception of the textbooks was analyzed, basing on the idea of comparative studies of Western medieval literature and the theory of historical anthropology, which developed under the influence of the Russian school recognized by western science. In relation with this complex and important area of interest for the department a number of current issues related to the latest medieval studies were outlined, which can be considered as vectors of investigation, namely the definition of historical knowledge, the understanding of otherness and modernity of medieval literature, highlighting the changing image of the Middle Ages within the great time, the interpretation of medieval culture world depiction. The analysis involved a review of known medievalist and literary critic I. Kachurovsky, who draws special attention to the need for providing the course in the history of Western medieval literature with relevant Ukrainian language materials, referring to the translation of the oldest monuments of Germanic poetry by Ivan Franko. The need for particular careful attention to the accumulated material for further development of this important field of literary research is ascertained.

175-184

Authors: Tetyana Yarovenko

Native Malanyuk study structurally is composed of diasporic and continental options that have close connections. Historiographical study of this literary direction formation allowed to define a leading role and function of research strategies developed by scientists of independent Ukraine in the process of formation. Integration of Malanyuk’s personality and creativity in cultural and literary sphere of Ukraine started in the 1990s by publications of Slovak Ukrainian M. Nevrlogo and I. Dzyuba, who outlined the major strategic issues of this branch of literature. T. Salyga (Lviv) and L. Kutsenko (Kirovograd) actively participated in the same period in works popularizing of E. Malanyuk, their analytical thinking. There was a proper regional forming of Malanyuk study centers. Thus, T. Salyga from Lviv provided publication of Malanyuk’s lyrics in 1992 describing in the preface solutions to some problems of Malanyuk study. The problem of creativity of E. Malanyuk is also significant for Galicia scientists such as M. Ilnytsky, M. Krupach, L. Senyk, P. Ivanyshyn, O. Bagan and others. Writer’s heritage was considered by them in connection with the ideological and artistic phenomenon of visnykivstva, which required the study of aesthetic dimensions of national centric pathos and patriotism of Malanyuk’s lyrics, his ideosophia. Significant role in the native Malanyuk study played Kirovograd. L. Kutsenko, using cultural and geographical principle established fundamental monographic study of the artist creativity “Dominus Malanyuk: background and personality” where he actually reconstructed life and career of the writer. In addition, the scientist introduced into scientific turnover previously unprinted works of the artist (Russian poetry, “Black poetry”, journalism, notebooks, etc.). The peculiar ones were the studies of other scientists from Kirovograd region who complemented and expanded the range of problems of Malanyuk study (S. Barabash, G. Klochek, V. Marko, O. Golnyk). In 2005 there appears the largest in Ukraine Malanyuk’s publication of works of different genres “Return” (compiled by T. Salyga). The structure of the book contains a number of scientific works of L. Kutsenko showing successful integration of regional studies and scientific practices in national literary context. We can assume that this symbolic act of research centers symbiosis finally underlined the formation dynamics of Malanyuk study in Ukraine overcoming properly regional boundaries and becoming national dimension.

196-208

Authors: Natalia Isaieva

The purpose of this article is to study some aspects of Gender Studies in Modern Chinese Literary criticism, which were not the subject of study in Ukraine. It will give an opportunity to the orientalists (as well as anyone who is interested in the problems of gender) to expand the understanding of the possibilities of the existing interpretive theories of feminist criticism. The author of the study applies the method of structural description. Particular attention is paid to Chinese methods of the “alternative reading” of classical texts. The article presents three strategies of conceptualization of female characters in Chinese literature mainstream, represented by Meng Yue, Li Ling, Liu Huiying, Wu Yuming, Chen Shunxin: 1) determination of the symbolic female types in the works of writers-men to rebuke false notions about the nature of women; 2) Criticism of the plot models of ancient and modern literature, which demonstrates the masculine nature of image system of the novels; 3) a combination of the abovementioned strategies. The study results demonstrated the dual nature of gender studies in the Chinese literary criticism. On the one hand, the universality of interpretative methods was demonstrated by Western feminist critique (e.g. the method of “a woman’s re-reading” by E. Shovalter, S. Gilbert and S. Gubar). On the other hand, the Chinese researchers have shown constant reinterpretation in the borrowed methodological approaches. It formed new research strategies: the criticism of women's images in the literary mainstream has led to the study of man's psychology of creativity and analysis of archetypal values of feminine discourse eliminated the need for the gender differentiation of the literary canon. Actually such departures from the basic theories define national models of scientific knowledge.

220-233

Authors: Svitlana Natiazhko

The article is devoted to the technique of psychoanalytic literary interpretation in Ukrainian literary criticism. The article deals with the importance and relevance of psychoanalytic narrative’s research. The specificity of the adaptation of psychoanalysis to the Ukrainian cultural space is defined. The basic milestones in the formation and development of psychoanalytic research in Ukrainian literary criticism from the early XX to XXI centuries are given and the main stages of the psychoanalytic school in Ukraine are also outlined. The expediency of studying psychoanalysis as a method of research and interpretation of contemporary fiction literature is proved. The detailed review of Ukrainian researchers’ critical works on the application of psychoanalysis in the study of the writers’ personality and creative works is realized to justify its use to contemporary literature. A lot of attention is paid to works that are appearing in Ukrainian literary and theoretical discourse in recent years (works of S. Pavlychko, N. Zborovska, M. Ilnytskyi, T. Hundorova, M. Moklytsia, I. Zherebkina, A. Pecharskyi, A. Bidiuk and others). They allow to extend the range of psychoanalytic studies involved in literary criticism. The main task of literature of recent decades is clearly outlined. An analysis of the effectiveness of psychoanalytic methodology is trying to be made. According to this aim it is proposed to pay attention to the works of contemporary literature that are written using the psychoanalytic implication (works of N. Zborovska, O. Zabuzhko, E. Kononenko). The discursive method is used in research.