Liberal Arts in Russia

439-453

Authors: Belenkova O. A.

In the article, the problem of formation of innovation potential of the labor motivation of employees of the social production economic sphere, determining their innovative activity is studied. The importance of positive work motivation of employees increases dramatically in terms of the Fourth industrial revolution. It is connected with the formation in the social production sphere of the sixth technological structure and innovative economy of the 21st century. The author justifies the problem decision of innovative potential formation of labor motivation on the basis of complex application of the principles of the study of social philosophy, sociology, social anthropology and social psychology. The principles of system analysis based on the dialectics of the objective and subjective sides of social activity in the system of social production are applied as well. According to the author opinion, work motivation is a system of dialectically interrelated internal and external motives of human activities that forms the personal conscious program of action, which should lead to the satisfaction of vital needs. In accordance with the hierarchy of needs by A. Maslow, the need for self-actualization is crucial in the system of needs of the socialized individual. In the process of realization of this need, the formation of innovative potential of motivational activity takes place and transformation of the comprehending human homo sapiens into producing human - homo faber. Studying the formation process of labor motivation of socialized individuals in the main historical stages of development of social production: Antiquity, the middle ages, and industrial civilization, the author concludes that the origins of the innovative component of motivation are in Ancient Greece. It is the characteristic only of the free labor of free people aimed at maximum realization of their natural potential in their activities in order to achieve success not only for themselves, but also for the good and prosperity of their cities-policies. However, innovation potential of labor motivation of socialized individuals became fully realized only at the stage of post-industrial development of the technogenic civilization. With the beginning of the Fourth industrial revolution, when science becomes a direct productive force, the demand for innovators that together form the human capital of the innovation economy dramatically increases. Social value of this capital is determined by the innovative component of labor motivation of employees of all spheres of social production. The priority in the formation of motivation should belong to the state and implemented through the combined efforts of government, business and civil society on the basis of balance of rights and obligations of all actors of the labor market.

466-473

Authors: Shutaleva A. V., Putilova E. A.

The article is devoted to analysis of the constitutive aspect of consciousness that manifests in the eventfulness of mind and the reality constituted by it, presented as a textual reality. Appeal to the understanding of space and text makes it possible to view the reading space as a metaphorical “twofold” space, which is constituted by intersection and superposition of “places” that, in their state of becoming, suggest the perception of reality that is set by the possibility of infinite textual interpretations. The authors examine whether it is conceivable that there be evoking configurations of reading allows to represent the problem of consciousness in the context of finding something that ontologically roots consciousness in the world, suggests its constitutive, subjectivity-forming aspect that manifests in the eventfulness of consciousness and the reality constituted by it. Invoking mystical tradition allows us to consider text as a “place” with singular internal tension line where coexistence produces not an abstract, but individual and qualitatively diverse space. In the mystical tradition Beeng questioning as that which exists before things and is their foundation but is not something partial to existence. In this regard, the text defined as a reality, which implies concealment and remains something intimate, impossible to control completely. In connection with this symbol is seen not only as a linguistic phenomenon. Configurations of reading are considered an entity where can be foundation, creation and procreation of meanings and interpretations.

488-498

Authors: Lobanova Yu. I.

The author of the article points out the lack of importance given to the driver personality in Russia in development of the measures to ensure traffic safety. The significance of the role of the personal and social factors for accident-free driving is justified by the experience of Western countries in general and by studies in the field of traffic psychology in particular. The accident abilities of the driver are viewed as having special importance (apart from training and professional qualities). In the article, the grounds for designing and carrying out experiments on the measurement of such accident abilities component as a sense of danger are given. The experiment was constructed by analogy of T. N. Zhurina, N. V. Zhurin, and S. A. Eliseev experiment, but it was adapted to the conditions and requirements of the driver’s activities. The experiment simulates the process of driving (in a particular type of traffic situations), including the activity of driver (as a combined multicomponent) and communication. Scooter is used instead of the vehicle. Subjects were given instructions to drive a scooter with a maximum speed through the gate. The distance between the posts changes at the different stages of the experiment. The role of the posts was played by subjects of the experiment too. The trial experiment was conducted on a group of children 10-11 years old. The video was used to fix the process of movement and behavioral reactions of the subjects. The first approximate criteria for assessing driver accident abilities were obtained in the process of observation and analysis of the video. These criteria are the minimum distance between the posts, specificity in application of braking, and the emotions experienced by the subjects acting accordingly to the instructions. It is assumed that subjects driving without braking through the posts located at a minimum distance have a poorly developed sense of danger. They caused stress, tension, and fear in subjects standing as posts, but consider their own actions as safe.

507-516

Authors: Shakhaliyeva F. B.

In the article, the problem of the impact of Islamic factor on the events of the civil war in Kabarda and Balkaria is studied. During the civil war Islam has become a factor that unites Muslim population of Kabarda and Balkaria in the fight against the infidels. The author considers the religious policy of the Reds and Whites in the region, as well as, the role of Islam in the judicial and administrative practice and the political district of life. In the district, where the majority of the population is Muslim, the clergy’s influence was enormous. Each of the warring sides used the Muslim dogma to gain support of the local population and strengthen their political power in the province. During this period, bright spiritual and political leaders stood out of the local population. With the support of the population, local leaders have created a military-political union Shariat. The author points out the positive role of religious advisory body unprecedented in the history of Kabarda and Balkaria - the Spiritual Council of Tausultan Shakmanov’s administration - in reconciling the warring parties. Support of the local clergy and the Muslim population, which grew into the Red Army, has greatly contributed to the victory of the Bolsheviks in the civil war in the neighborhood. After the victory of the Bolsheviks in the war and the establishment of Soviet power in Kabarda and Balkaria, most priests were physically eliminated, Shariat was proclaimed illegal, the Muslim education system was destroyed, and many mosques were closed.

532-538

Authors: Mikhailova M. Yu.

In the article the author’s solution of the inexpressibleness of the speech subject is given taking into account the asymmetry of the linguistic sign - signifying and signified - in relation to the elements of the functional-semantic category of the inexpressible . It was determined that the elements of the field of inexpressible are marked by the nomination of abstract vocabulary of three subclasses: 1) the most general feature, 2) the concept or term 3) the generic notions in relation to the aspectual. On the other hand, the names, which are the surreal constructs of subject, in spite of an empty denotative value are not marked with an inexpressible, expressing a specific holistic image. From the object of speech, it can be said about a single inexpressibleness of the speech object signifying or signified, or the dual inexpressibleness - both signifying and signified. It is determined for the first time that under the dual inexpressibleness the categories denoting imaginary creatures in fiction or extraordinary beings, whose properties are impossible with nothing to relate, are actively being labeled with the elements of the field of inexpressible. The inexpressibleness of signified is conditioned by factors of external or internal linguistics. The factor of the internal linguistics is an aspect of existential inexpressibleness, the inexpressibleness of the subject of speech due to its otherness. This inexpressibleness is marked with the discursive pronouns usage ( something , it , indivisible combinations like “something inexpressible”). The factor of external linguistics is a competitive or psychophysical inexpressibleness due to the peculiarities of speech subject. The meaning of inexpressible is transmitted by interrogative sentences with a negative value, the particle if , indivisible combinations like “something untold”. In situations with the meaning of a signifier, in which the speaker actually knows the meaning and only marks this sector as inexpressible - And she was an indescribable beauty (= very beautiful) - means of transferring of semantics of inexpressible finds centrifugal forces; from the field of inexpressible it migrates to the field of a very high quality concentration. This “migration” is being observed in the folk formulas (so beautiful that it cannot be told in words, it cannot be described with a pen ...), in the formulas of feeling expression (I love so much - no words!).