Bulletin of Science and Practice

29-44

Authors: Kobzar V.

More than 12,000 species belong to the Poaceae family globally; 300 species grow in Kyrgyzstan, anemophilous and releasing a huge amount of pollen into the atmosphere. Poaceae pollen is currently considered the leading airborne biological pollutant (PM10) and the leading cause of pollen allergy worldwide. She is one of the top global aeroallergens. Poaceae pollen has common features: small size, homogeneous morphology, high pollen production and abundance of species. The aim of this work was to study the effect of environmental pollutants on the pollen of Poaceae plants, the classification of identified teratomorphoses and assessment of their specific contribution to the aerobiological situation. The study of Poaceae pollen from various observation points of Kyrgyzstan using scanning electron microscopy revealed teratomorphoses of varying degrees of complexity: 1) deformation; 2) perforation; 3) fragmentation; 4) complex changes in the sculptural elements of the exine surface; 5) combined teratomorphosis, including several types with the transformation of one modification into another. This article summarizes the results of studies reflecting the effects of environmental pollutants on Poaceae pollen, and ultimately on the severity of symptoms and the prevalence of pollinosis.

52-60

Authors: Asadov H., Bagirova S., Mirjalally I., Efendiyeva R., Atayeva H.

The aim of the scientific work is to identify the degree of salt tolerance of new tree-shrub species brought from various soil and climatic regions of the world, introduced and widely used in landscape arrangements on the Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan. In connection with the expansion and development of urban development, greening arrangements are also expanded, the appearance of large cities changed, the number of new parks, boulevards and green spaces increased, especially in the coastal zones of the Caspian Sea embankments. The structure of the soil of the Absheron Peninsula is sandy, sandy-loamy, with low water retention capacity. The Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan is characterized by a characteristic sign of arid zones. However, the soil composition remains unchanged, which is characterized by chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride-carbonate salinization. In the coastal zones, chloride-carbonate salinization predominates, mainly 1500–2000 m from the sea, mainly chloride-sulfate, and sulfate-chloride in the central part of the peninsula. Due to the degree of salinity, the degree of salt tolerance is different for different species of woody-shrub plants. In the natural flora of the peninsula tree species are completely absent, the species composition of shrubs is small, mainly are found ephemeral and ephemerid species of herbaceous plants. The objects of study were Magnolia grandiflora L., Cupressus macrocarpa L., Sophora japonica L., among shrubs Nandina domestica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Jasminum nudiflorum L., Lisium chinensis Mill, Euonymus japonica L., Nerium oleander, new types of cypress trees, various types of palm trees, etc. It was revealed that, in saline soil of the Absheron peninsula, the degree of influence of salinizing ions (Cl−, SO42−, and CO32−) on the accumulation of chlorophylls in the leaves of new introduced species has a direct correlative relationship. Toxic ions affect the protein-chlorophyll bond, the destruction of chloroplasts, and a decrease in photosynthesis, resulting in the formation of chlorophyllide and phytic acid, which promotes the formation of burns on a leaf blade and reduced the photosynthetic productivity.

67-74

Authors: Pahlevanyan A., Martirosyan G., Tadevosyan L., Vardanian I.

The purpose of this work is to study and identify the optimal method of sowing and plant feeding surface in seed-production of melon crop, providing a high yield of healthy varietal seeds with a low self-cost. The experiments were carried out in 2018–2020. on the experimental fields of the Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia. The influence of the sowing scheme 200+80/2×60, 200+80/2×80 and 200+80/2×100 cm on phenological and quality indicators, fruit and seed productivity, average fruit weight, and resistance to diseases was studied. The study object was mid-early ripening melon variety Arpi, which is distinguished by high productivity and taste quality. The control was the sowing scheme 200+80/2×80 cm, which is generally accepted in the agricultural technology of melon cultivation in the Ararat valley. It was found that in case of low-density planting of plants (1.4 m2), the weight of one fruit is the heaviest (4.0 kg), but the productivity of the fruits is reduced by 11.6% in comparison with the control, and in case of high-density planting by 19.3%. Meanwhile, as the feeding area of one plant increases, in relation to the total yield the marketable yield increases, respectively 92.3%; 94.1% and 95.3%. The results of the experiments allow us to state the fact that high density of the seed producing field (feeding area 0.84 m2) contributes to an increase of seed yield by 27.3% compared to the control, to some extent reducing the self cost of seeds, however significant changes in quality indicators of the Arpi variety were not found. In its turn, early diagnosis of diseases based on the modern PCR method allows to take protective measures in time and accordingly contributes to the production of healthy seeds.

83-88

Authors: Soldatova S., Filatova G.

Methods for determining the freshness of mammalian meat are considered in the article, their comparative assessment is carried out. The results of histological studies of meat, including those thawed or injected with complex food additives, are presented. The characteristic features and main differences in the microstructure of muscle fibers after repeated defrosting and after treatment with water-retaining additives have been determined.

112-121

Authors: Bolotina N., Ku Bok Sun

The article is devoted to the study of psychosomatic behavior styles in patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Empirically revealed the relationship between the psychosomatic behavior styles and individual typological characteristics. The results of the study showed that people with schizophrenic spectrum disorders have two styles of psychosomatic behavior: cognitive and socio-cultural. It was found that this sample is characterized by such personal characteristics as anxiety, introversion, lability and sensitivity.

130-151

Authors: Chaulin A.

Laboratory biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis, establishing the prognosis of patients, and correcting therapy. Therefore, the search for new cardiovascular diseases biomarkers, as well as the study and clarification of their clinical and diagnostic value, is an important task of modern healthcare. This article discusses the clinical and diagnostic value of new cardiovascular diseases biomarkers. The classification of cardiovascular diseases biomarkers is given. In a comparative aspect, new markers specific to myocardial tissue (highly sensitive cardiac troponins) are considered. Some new non-myocardial tissue-specific markers, in particular myeloperoxidase, are also discussed.

163-178

Authors: Bulgakova S., Sirotko I., Romanchuk P.

Currently, three main problems have been updated in gerontology and geriatrics: the first “early” is osteoporosis, the second “late” is Alzheimer’s disease, and the third “doubled” (comorbid, combined) is the presence of two diseases: Alzheimer’s disease and osteoporosis. The bone, in addition to mechanical and protective function, serves as a custodian of bone marrow cells and an organ for regulating the homeostasis of calcium ions. In the circadian gerontological period, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are determined by their respective functions of bone formation and bone resorption, and in the clinical-geriatric period of bone aging, bones and bone cells will change. 5P medicine and 5G medical services, new generation sequencing and pharmacogenetics are new modern foundations (paradigms) of personalized medicine — a key basis for understanding the common mechanisms of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease. The presence of multiple chronic conditions in gerontology and geriatrics requires the use and clinical application of information and communication infrastructure 5G the next generation, neuromarketing and neurobial, neuroimaging consciousness and brain-machine interfaces, biorobots and biochips. 5P medicine and functioning of integrated neural systems through integration and analysis of dynamic hybrid multimodal neural EEG and fMRI information, combined with neuropsychological testing, will allow the geriatrician to manage (prevent and predict), not only healthy aging of Homo sapiens, but also timely diagnosis of osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease, treatment start time, definition. Early age (from 40–45 years) diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis using tools (technologies) 5P medicine and 5G medical services, will manage the medical, socio-economic problem of our time. Early age diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis using tools (technologies) 5P medicine and 5G medical services, allows you to manage a “silent epidemic” (“hidden epidemic”) of the 21st century with the help of non-medicamentous treatments — three multi-paradigm platforms: healthy lifestyle, physical activity, functional nutrition (balanced, healthy, natural). The key to the success of osteoporosis treatment is in a new 5P medicine based on a deep individualized approach and motivation to prevent diseases.

187-192

Authors: Matkeeva A.

The article presents the characteristics of 60 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6 to 11 years, depending on the type of classification, who were treated at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (Bishkek).

197-207

Authors: Chen Fengxiang, Yang Lei

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are vital energy-conversion devices in a hydrogen-fueled economic. In this study, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study 4e− oxygen reduction reaction process on transition metal embedded in single and double vacancies (SV and DV) in a graphene. We calculated bonding energy and adsorption energy on CoX3 (X = B, C, N, Si, P and S) and CoX4 (X = B, C, N, Si, P and S) embedded in graphene. Our DFT results indicate that formation of CoX3 is unfeasible and the formation of CoX4 is feasible. In addition, the crucial role of ligand atoms near embedded metal atoms is revealed via the molecular orbital theory. Then the Gibbs free energy of CoX4 are calculated and the CoN4, CoS4, and CoP4 are predicted to be active for catalyzing ORR, and these also show ligand atoms’ coordination effect for catalytic activity of central metal. Furthermore, we observed that they have identical rate-determining step (RDS). This work can provide some references for transition atoms catalytic doped in carbon materials.

213-219

Authors: Rykova L.

The problem of creating an accessible living environment in our country over the past decades is one of the most urgent. International obligations and national legislation approved the principles on which the state’s policy regarding disabled people should be based. Transport mobility is an essential prerequisite for the active involvement of people with disabilities in society. The effectiveness of creating an accessible environment in transport depends on the availability of well-trained specialists. In order to form appropriate competencies for students in transport specialties at transport universities of the country, the discipline “Organization of an accessible environment for people with disabilities in transport” is included in the professional cycles of some educational programs. Studying the issues of organizing the interaction of participants in the process of forming an accessible environment, within the framework of the indicated discipline, required additional studies aimed at analyzing and systematizing a large amount of information related to regulatory support and modern technologies for providing transportation services to the population. The article is devoted to the organization of interaction of participants in the formation of an accessible environment for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility using the example of railway transport.

227-236

Authors: Berketova L., Korotkovа D.

As you know, the formation of the diet of various peoples of the world is influenced by many factors: first of all, geographical location and climate, which determines the consumption of certain types of fruits, plants, and animals. This formed the people’s features in the development and structure of the body and led to differences in health. The article provides information about the food traditions of the northern ethnic groups. The “northern” type of metabolism requires the predominance of protein and fat components in the diet. Studies show that people who came to the Far North from the middle latitudes, their need for protein increased by 16%, in fat by 42%, in carbohydrates decreased by 40%. Food rich in fat and high in calories allows you to saturate the body and give it the necessary amount of energy without increasing the volume of food consumption. Meat products: deer meat, game, meat of large marine animals: walruses, seals, whales. Pinniped meat per 100 g contains 24.5 g of protein and 113 kcal. It is also rich in potassium, sodium and phosphorus, vitamins A, B2 and other compounds. An important role in the life of Northern peoples is played by berries: cranberries and cloudberries, which contain dietary fiber (2.5 g and 6.3 g), vitamins B2 (0.02 mg and 0.07 mg), C (15 mg and 29 mg), E (1 mg and 1.5 mg), magnesium (7 mg and 29 mg), calcium (25 mg and 15 mg), phosphorus (16 mg and 29 mg), potassium (90 mg and 180 mg). Wild sorrel, wild cherry, lichen and other herbs are widely used in food and medicine and contain a complex of enzymes, vitamins, fat, and organic acids. The main product is sea and river fish: whitefish, white salmon, tugun, arctic cisco and others. Fish is served in dried, boiled, smoked, salted, frozen or baked types, usually without a side dish, which is not so common in the North, most often it is replaced by berries or roots. In winter, stroganina is a delicacy. Dried fish also goes into flour, which is used to make soup, bake bread, or mix with berries. The article presents information on such dishes as ngaibat, kanyga, “blood soup”, kopal’khen or kymgyt, kiviak, akutaq and others.

245-253

Authors: Yakubova U., Parpieva N., Mirhojaeva N.

The paper provides some applications of matrix theory in economics. In particular, when the industry is connected by production and consumption of different products, the number of planned gross product of industries, inter-industry delivery of products, and net products of industries is calculated. The task of finding the budgets of states, with the specified structural matrix of trade of these states and the sum of their budgets, is also being considered. In addition, the application of the concept of eigenvector and eigenvalue to find the ratio of state budgets to balance the trade of participating states is considered.

258-261

Authors: Buyalo A., Kakunina A.

The article provides an analysis and systematization of the reasons for abandoning trains, highlighting the main reasons, as well as factors of the first and second levels. At present, intelligent systems are undergoing great development. Such a system is an intelligent control system for railway transport. Savings, if used according to the calculations, will be significant. Also, a large number of receiving and departure tracks at intermediate stations are freed, which will increase the efficiency of the railway performance, as well as reduce the losses of shippers. In conclusion, it is concluded that an integrated approach is needed from the side of the logistics component and from the side of the organization of train traffic.

266-270

Authors: Alymbaeva Z., Alimakhunov A.

This article examines the new world order that humanity faced with the collapse of the bipolar security system. The new paradigms of the world order have contributed to Kyrgyzstan to conduct an independent, domestic and foreign policy that meets national interests. With new vectors of politics, society found itself under the influence of new contents of the information industry, which carried threats and challenges to the foundations of statehood. In order to eliminate the indicated contents of threats and challenges, a number of fundamental documents were developed and adopted, which are aimed at ensuring security with all its components.

276-281

Authors: Alakhunov N.

The article discusses the admissibility of termination of an agreement on pleading guilty by the suspect and the accused both in the course of pre-trial proceedings and in court proceedings in criminal cases of grave and crimes. It should be noted that the criminal procedure code did not directly provide for a mechanism for terminating an agreement on pleading guilty to the suspects and accused in criminal cases. This significantly leads to a violation of not only the fundamental law of state but also the constitutional rights and freedoms of the individual. This article attempts to design a mechanism for terminating an agreement on the plea of guilty of suspects and accused in criminal cases.

287-290

Authors: Vidyasova I., Khudoikina T.

This article reveals the legal regulation of educational activities at the federal level. The essential advantages of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, adopted in 2012, are indicated. The problematic aspects are revealed that do not allow to regulate educational activities effectively enough. Prospective ways of solving the problems identified during the study are proposed.

297-302

Authors: Averkovich P.

The need to write this article is due to the existing problems of adaptation to the order and conditions of serving sentences of women sentenced to imprisonment and the lack of legal regulation in addressing these issues. Since a reasonable solution to these issues negatively affects the implementation of the criminal Executive policy of Russia.

309-313

Authors: Kachikeev T., Kozhogeldieva M.

The interdependence of the age characteristics of children worries not only scientists, but also parents. This article addresses the issue of the child's activity in the early age period. The ability of adults to create conditions for the child's substantive actions provide an opportunity for timely mental development. Through manipulation, children learn about the world, assimilate the meanings of objects and situations. The perception of the surrounding reality expands the inner world of the child. Objective actions jointly with an adult develop cognitive processes, form the emotional-volitional sphere of children. The works of many scientists remind about the socio-psychological characteristics of young children, as well as the studies of Kyrgyz scientists. Observations have shown in practice the importance of object-related actions at an early age, when manipulation provides information about the world around us, about the features of things, situations, and relationships. Features of mental manifestations at an early age affect further development.

324-329

Authors: Bekturov T., Chelpakova S.

Under the context of growing demand for teachers’ professional training, the issues of the formation and improvement of their pedagogical mastery become of current interest. A teacher who wants to develop his/her pedagogical skills shall constantly learn to apply pedagogical methods in his/her work. After all, the professional competence of a teacher directly depends on the possession of professional technique. The purpose of this work is to clarify the concept of “pedagogical technique” and determine its place and role in improvement of teacher’s professional mastery. In this regard, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, and clarification were used. The narrative of the importance of clarifying the definition of the term is presented for defense and the version proposed is as follows: “Pedagogical technique is an important component within the structure of pedagogical skills, their forms, practical manifestation, through which a high level of pedagogical professionalism can be formed and developed”. The knowledge of structure of pedagogical methods and formation of appropriate behavioral skills increase the teacher’s professionalism. Therefore, in teacher’s activities, pedagogical technique steps forward as a system of social and pedagogical support of the educational process, which performs a number of functions in teaching and educational work.

339-344

Authors: Agliulova L., Panyagin D.

Physical education classes are already in need of modernization due to declining attendance rates and student satisfaction with the program. And yoga together with meditation and pranayama can be an effective substitute. Outside of Russia, the benefits of this practice have long been studied and are already being used for the prevention and treatment of most physiological and psychological problems of people. Students of technical universities were selected to study and conduct the experiment, as they have an analytical mindset and hard work. The practice of meditation helped balance their brain activity and yoga classes improved their health and learned how to help their body after hard work or long sitting at the computer. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the introduction of yoga into the program significantly improved the physical indicators of students, the quality of their learning and emotional state.

380-386

Authors: Mikhailova E., Khlebnikov A.

The article deals with the organization of preventive measures aimed at reducing intra-school conflicts in the context of distance learning. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the results of the conducted SWOT analysis, which showed that schoolteachers have certain difficulties in switching to a new form of organizing pedagogical work. As a result of the study, new school management mechanisms were developed, which allowed to optimize the work of teachers and create favorable conditions that reduce the risk of pedagogical conflicts.

394-397

Authors: Babaeva S.

It is illuminated history of the fuel-energy complex of Surkhan oasis, the works of the Soviet government that belong to electrification, official documents which were adopted by Soviet government, analysis of statistical materials in this article. At a time when world economical relations have chosen new directions of development and It has begun radical changes on this basis, the controversial situation in the Turkestan has allowed for the timely adaptation of technical innovations and the implementation of large-scale measures to introduce them into the country’s industry. The process of electrification of the Turkestan region has experienced a similarly complex historical reality, at the first colony, after then it lagged far behind electricity consumption in the central regions as a marginal country in the period of Soviet government.

405-410

Authors: Khujanazarov A., Allamuratov Sh.

The article is devoted to the history of medicine in our country, as well as to questions and solutions. Analyzing, for example, how the health care system has taken into account the impact of reforms over the past four years.

417-426

Authors: Karataeva S.

The purpose of our article can be characterized as a scientific review of the vocal system of the Kyrgyz language against the background of Turkic phonology and the patterns of development of the vocal paradigm, the transformation and evolution of long vowels in the historical context (influence of the Arabic language) of Central Asia. Analyzing all data related to the long vowels’ changes in the above-mentioned language and the transformations based on Arabic borrowings. Also, subjected to a detailed analysis of the graphic influences from the side of Arabic graphics in relation to Kyrgyz phonology and linguistic facts about the transformation of Arabic tokens during adaptation in a foreign language context. Nevertheless, to explain the areal features of the Kyrgyz language on the scale of Central Asia. To demonstrate (on the example of archaic words, religious lexicon terms) the stages and patterns of the historical development of the vocal system of a given language in a comparative and cognitive plan. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to identify and describe the patterns of development of quantum phonetics, phonosemantic features of long vowels of Kyrgyz lexemes and phonemes on the one hand, and Arabic guttural and posterolinguistic connectives on the other hand. Kyrgyz and Arabic are multisystem languages. The Arabic language, in a typological sense, is inflectional and belongs to the Semitic group, at the same time, according to some scholars, the Kyrgyz is an agglutinative language and has Altai origin. It is well known that the phonetic spectrum and their variable language palette of the Arabic language is very diverse. In phonetic terms, the Arabic language has a widely developed system of consonant phonemes, on the other hand, the likelihood of the phonomorphological and phonosemantic function of vowels in the Kyrgyz language is quite high too. As part of our research, we tried to identify the seven positions of long vowels in the Arabic language, and in parallel to this show the transformations of Arabic sounds based on the internal phonetic laws of the Kyrgyz language. Consequently, the Arabic long vowels in the process of adaptation in the Kyrgyz language environment, to a certain extent, retained their quantitative character (quantum coefficient) in comparison with other Turkic languages of Central Asia.