Bulletin of Science and Practice

14-22

Authors: Chertov N., Pystogova N., -Malyshkina E., Nechaeva Yu., Boronnikova S., Kalendar R.

For the selection of identification SNP markers and identification at the population level, 5 populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae) and 5 populations of the western race of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinaceae) in the Perm Krai were studied. To determine nucleotide sequences and select identification SNP markers in 10 populations of two woody plant species of the Perm Krai, 14 pairs of nuclear and 3 pairs of chloroplast loci of P. sylvestris, as well as ten pairs of primers to 10 loci of potentially adaptively significant genes of L. sibirica were tested. Sequencing of 3 nuclear loci and 3 loci of chloroplast DNA of P. sylvestris, as well as 6 loci of nuclear adaptively significant genes of L. sibirica were sequenced. In the sequenced sequences of two plant species, 59 SNP markers were detected. Of these, 11 identification SNP markers were established, with a sufficiently high frequency of occurrence (≥0.5), suitable for identifying populations of two coniferous plant species.

36-45

Authors: Khalmirzaev D., Yenileyev N., Islamov S., Abdikayumov Z.

The scientific article presents the results of research work on the study of varietal characteristics of sour cherry and sweet cherry and methods for artificial formation of tree crowns at the level of photosynthetic activity of leaves with the orientation of growing trees by their intensive technology. Zoned cherry varieties Shubinka, Podbelskaya and Shpanka chernaya, sweet cherry Bakhor, Revershon and Drogana jyoltaya grown on a weak vegetatively propagated rootstock BBA-1 and BCL-2 (Krymskiy-5) were used as the object of the study. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the optimal crown system for varieties of sour cherry and sweet cherry is a five skeletal wall. The formation of the crown in these forms contributes to a decrease in the volume of the crown by an average of 25%, at which the net productivity of leaf photosynthesis in comparison with the usual formation of the crown — freely growing and sparse-tiered shape, reaches 34.73 g/m2 per day. With the formation of bushy crown forms in cherries and sweet cherries, the level of leaf formation improves and the chlorophyll content in the leaves increases to 13.42 mg/g of fresh weight of leaves.

54-60

Authors: Garadaghli L.

Soil invertebrates are sensitive indicators of soil moisture. The occurrence of certain species can be an indicator of humidity or dryness of the habitat. Many researchers consider mesofauna to be one of the best bioindicators since all actively moving species react to the slightest change in the environment by varying the number and violation of the ratios of trophic groups. To determine the main trends in soil dynamics using soil invertebrate gray-brown soils, such indicators as the quantitative ratio of individual groups, changes in the structure of the dominant representatives of the trophic structure, and distribution by soil profile are of primary importance. Special priority is given to studying the humus state of gray-brown soils associated with the pollution of natural biocenoses by technogenic waste.

68-72

Authors: Kochergina O., Onina S.

The aim of this work is to teach students to determine the stability of small lakes in relation to acidification processes by calculating the buffer capacity of water. A decrease in the pH of natural waters is caused by the influx of acid-forming oxides of sulfur and nitrogen into the atmosphere and water bodies. An increase in the acidity of water bodies has extremely negative consequences, contributes to the leaching of heavy metals, changes the ionic composition of water, and reduces the ability of natural water bodies to heal themselves. Low salinity waters of small lakes in the northern regions are especially vulnerable to acidification processes. The indicators of acid-neutralizing ability, the content of hydrocarbons, the value of the buffer capacity of natural waters are used as criteria for the stability of natural waters. To calculate the buffer capacity, the following indicators of the chemical composition of waters were used in this work: hydrogen index (pH), the content of organic (Corg), and mineral (Cmin) forms of carbon. Concentrations of conjugated forms of components of natural acid-base systems are calculated based on the concept of acid-base equilibrium in solutions of carbonic acid and humic acids.

79-86

Authors: Adilchaev B., Ismailov B.

The experience of many European countries proves that in many regions including the Republic of Karakalpakstan possessing considerable ecological, recreational, social, and cultural potential, the development of agritourism in rural areas can be the most effective instrument of their social and economic development. In recent years, the region shows dynamic development of tourism and offers unique tourist products. The biggest part of tourist resources of the region is located in rural areas. In the article, the characteristic of conditions for the development of agritourism in the region is given. Prospects of development of this type of tourism on the example of guesthouses are shown.

100-104

Authors: Abasova E.

The introduction of bio humus into degraded gray-brown soils contributed to the improvement of their agrophysical and agrochemical properties. The density of the arable horizon has decreased by 0.02–0.16 g/cm3, the content of water-resistant aggregates, providing an optimal water-air regime, has doubled. The introduction of bio humus can solve the problem of soil over consolidation. The research results show that when bio humus is introduced into gray-brown soils in an amount of 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 m/ha, certain changes occur in the humus content according to its introduction, that is, an increase in the humus content in the arable soil layer compared to with the control option was −0.33, 0.51 and 0.62%. Regular use of bio humus will allow to suspend the process of soil dehumidification and improve the conditions of the humus state of the soil, as well as the mineral nutrition of plants, leads to an increase in total nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, which participate and contribute to an increase in soil buffering and prevent the entry of toxic substances into plants.

111-116

Authors: Mamedova M.

The disinvasive properties of 0.3% active chlorine-containing sodium hypochlorite solution were studied against trichocephalus eggs in laboratory and farm conditions. The lethal effect of the preparation has been determined on both the developmental and the invasion larval stage of trichocephalus eggs.

124-154

Authors: Bulgakova S., Romanchuk N., Pomazanova O.

The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. Immune homeostasis is the balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses — a key feature in the outcome of health or disease. A healthy microbiota is the qualitative and quantitative ratio of diverse microbes of individual organs and systems, maintaining the biochemical, metabolic and immune equilibrium of the macroorganism necessary to preserve human health. Functional foods, healthy biomicrobiota, healthy lifestyle and controlled protective environmental effects, artificial intelligence and electromagnetic information load/overload are responsible for the work of the human immune system and its ability to respond to pandemic attacks in a timely manner. Obesity continues to be one of the main problems of modern health care due to its high prevalence and polymorbidity. In addition to cardiometabolic diseases, lesions of the musculoskeletal system, obese individuals show impaired cognitive functions, have a high risk of developing depression and anxiety. The gut microbiota mediates between environmental influences (food, lifestyle) and the physiology of the host, and its change may partially explain the cross-link between the above pathologies. It is known that Western eating patterns are the main cause of the obesity epidemic, which also contributes to dysbiotic drift of the gut microbiota, which in turn contributes to the development of complications associated with obesity. Experimental studies in animal models and, to a lesser extent in humans, show that microbiota is associated with obesity and may contribute to the endocrine, neurochemical and development of systemic inflammation underlying obesity itself and related diseases. Nevertheless, a number of questions remain at present. Modeling the microbiota-gut-brain axis, provides the brain with information from the gut not only through the nervous system but also through a continuous stream of microbial, endocrine, metabolic and immune messages. The communication network provides important keys to understanding how obesity and diabetes can affect the brain by provoking neuropsychiatric diseases. The literature review is devoted to the analysis of data on the relationship of the gut-brain axis, obesity and cognitive functions, immune homeostasis and new competencies: psychoneuroimmunology and psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology

176-190

Authors: Niyazov B., Mamakeev Zh., Sabitov A., Mamanov N.

This article contents of a literature review of foreign authors and the authors of the CIS countries on the main problems of diagnosis and treatment of purulent wounds at the present stage.

211-217

Authors: Bedelbaev, M., Dzholbunova, Z., Khalupko, E., & Mambetova, A.

In this article, the practical significance of determining markers of inflammation (blood procalcitonin, fecal calprotectin, fecal lactoferrin) for distinguishing infectious secretory from infectious invasive diarrhea, as well as from functional diarrhea of non-infectious genesis, is given in the article. A survey was conducted of 54 children aged 0 to 3 years hospitalized in an infectious disease hospital with secretory viral diarrhea (rotavirus, Astro-, adeno-, noro-, and enterovirus), for the period 2019–2020.

225-228

Authors: Safarova Z., Khodzhieva M.

The article presents data on the dynamics of blood pressure under the influence of the social environment and changes in diet, as well as the impact of various diseases.

235-240

Authors: Beregovoi A., Dzholbunova Z., Mainazarova E.

This article highlights the nature of the immune response in patients with acute bacterial meningitis in adolescents. Immunological examination was carried out in the acute period of the disease in patients aged 10 to 19 years. The hemogram, the nature of the cellular and humoral immune response, as well as the development of pro-inflammatory defense factors, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were used to evaluate the main components of the immune system.

248-255

Authors: Sultanova A.

This article discusses widely used algorithms for finding optimal paths. Currently, there is a fairly wide list of algorithms for the problem of finding the shortest path and is actively used in mobile robotics to find the optimal route. The article offers a two-level system that performs traffic planning. Comparative analysis of various search methods was carried out: their length, complexity, and a number of turning points. The purpose of the article is to study and compare algorithms from the field of artificial intelligence for finding the shortest path in a maze and a hexagonal grid. Algorithms under study: A* (star), Dijkstra algorithm, BFS, DFS, and Greedy algorithm. Algorithms are compared based on two criteria: the length of the found path and the time it takes to find the path. The results presented analytically and graphically, show the application of five algorithms for mazes with different sizes and number of obstacles.

261-267

Authors: Bekmuratova B.

This article is devoted to obtaining a water-coal suspension with new technological properties. The article describes the technology of obtaining a water-emulsion suspension with the help of the Uzgen coal basin of the Karadobo deposit in the Osh region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Briefly, it is conventionally classified as a specific liquid-phase composite material with broad functional and technological capabilities.

274-280

Authors: Ibraimov T., Tashpolotov Y.

The state and prospects of development of production of composites based on various types of multicomponent raw materials (silicon oxide, slag, etc.) and their components are considered. Modern achievements in the field of condensed matter physics of composite materials with mineral matrices and various dimensional levels of fillers are considered. The approaches of leading scientific schools to the creation of composites are analyzed; it is revealed that many issues of obtaining multicomponent composite materials remain open. It is concluded that the optimization of the process of obtaining composites based on multicomponent raw materials should be carried out by changing the target functions and parameters that take into account all types of interaction of components. A method for selecting mineral matrices for the production of composite materials has been developed, the essence of which is to compare the component compositions of raw materials and composite materials, and the search for matrices is performed by the maximum optimal value of intermolecular distances in multicomponent raw materials and composite materials.

286-291

Authors: Erlygina E., Vasilyeva A.

The article discusses the features of marketing in the agro-industrial complex. The analysis of the dynamics of agricultural production is carried out. The process of marketing activity management is presented. The main problems of agromarketing are considered and ways to solve them are presented.

297-305

Authors: Atamuratova N.

The latest Internet technologies, the global information network today open up not only technical, but also new economic opportunities. Modern advances in the development of communication technologies have led to the creation of a global electronic environment for economic activity. The article examines the role and development, as well as assesses the prospects of electronic commerce on a global scale and separately on the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Analyzed the statistical data of the British marketing group PhoCusWright. E-commerce in modern business will change almost all processes.

313-320

Authors: Yodgorov V., Mirdjalilova D.

Real estate has always played an important role in the system of social and economic relations. The result of the life and activities of persons employed in any area of a business depends on the efficiency of the functional functioning of the property. The property is part of a property of relatively high value and social significance. Hence, the complexity of the real estate, the variety of opportunities for its movement in the market requires the creation of a system that covers all stages of the real estate life cycle, creates a unified system for planning performance indicators, and target liquidity indicators for various real estate objects, and ensures effective real estate management. The article analyzes the costs of operating buildings and structures belonging to state higher educational institutions of the country and identifies the priorities for managing real estate by servicing organizations.

328-332

Authors: Khegai V.

This article is devoted to the problematic aspects of the legal status of experts in arbitration and civil proceedings. The object of this article is the social relations arising in connection with the appointment and production of expertise in civil and arbitration proceedings. The role and significance of an expert in civil and arbitration proceedings are determined, and the features of the legal status of an expert in civil and arbitration proceedings are highlighted through a comparative analysis. The differences in the legal status of experts are revealed, which can negatively affect the effectiveness of forensic examination and the process of proving in general.

339-344

Authors: Kachkyn kyzy G.

The article discusses the prerequisites and conditions for the development of digital technologies in the legal policy of the Kyrgyz Republic, the mechanism of their influence on the acceleration of processes in the social sphere: simplification of the issuance of state benefits, ensuring the protection and registration of children and families in difficult life situations, digitalization of the system for promoting employment of the population, improving the quality of service for pension recipients and what problems, risks and challenges arise in this regard. The most important results of the digitalization of the social security sphere are the creation of prerequisites for the growth of the cultural and legal level of the population due to the rapid development of the digital environment. The author comes to the conclusion that by developing digitalization in the field of socially significant services, the state should be responsible for the reliability and correctness of information translated into electronic format, in turn, the population needs a transition to lifelong learning, to lifelong education and retraining of personnel.

351-366

Authors: Basimov M., Kornienko V.

The article discusses comparative psychograms of the groups of respondents, formed on the basis of the six options they have chosen for the most effective methods of influencing the authorities. Based on the summ extremeness of personal qualities for опe group of high extremeness, full psychogram are given. For next gruops on the extremeness (3 groups), abbreviated psychograms are considered, in which only pronounced personal qualities are indicated. For the remaining two groups, in which no pronounced personal qualities were revealed (the picture quite averaged over the whole of 89 groups), only their names are listed. As a result, we can conclude that the effective methods of influencing the authorities chosen by the respondents are largely determined by their psychological originality.

376-385

Authors: Kadeeva A., Ivanov D.

The article is devoted to the study of the personality traits of adolescents prone to Internet addiction. The modern concept of Internet addiction as a category of psychological research is revealed. Contains a description of the causes, characteristics, psychological and physical symptoms of Internet addiction. An adolescent can satisfy the needs for self-dependence and independence, for recognition and self-realization, for belonging to a certain group, for love, in communication with peers. Psychodiagnostic techniques are presented. The relationship between the personality traits of adolescents and the features of manifestation of Internet addiction has been studied. The description of the empirical research carried out is given. It was revealed that male adolescents do not differ from female adolescents in terms of Internet addiction. It was found that adolescents prone to Internet addiction are characterized by personality traits (excitable, aloofness, restraint and isolation, impatience, exactingness and overactiveness, striving for dominance in interpersonal relationships and low self-control).

396-400

Authors: Otamurodov G., Polvonov R.

The article analyzes and evaluates the scientific and theoretical foundations of management of leadership education in higher schools.

407-414

Authors: Azimova N.

This article discusses the effectiveness of Web technologies on students’ self-study work in the English language learning process and gives the reasons of the need to create a new model for its organization. The experience of language preparation in the process of teaching languages at the Tashkent State University of Economics is presented in the article. The importance of the Web technologies in model of organization of students’ independent work is developed and scientifically justified. The results of experimental studies aimed to test the effectiveness of the developed model of formation of professionally language competence of students are given in this paper.

421-426

Authors: Omurkanova Ch.

The scientific article considers various views on the pedagogical conditions of organizing distance learning in the universities of Kyrgyzstan, in a pandemic. The pedagogical conditions I distance learning (DL) presented problems requiring a solution to the pedagogical process. A pedagogical condition, in the learning process, emphasize a set of measures aimed at solving urgent problems in the organization of distance learning, purposefully implemented in the learning process and meeting the specifics of forms of distance learning.

432-437

Authors: Sagymbaeva G., Turganbaeva B.

The article is devoted to the improvement of technologies for the formation of professional competence of future specialists in accordance with the requirements of standards for training specialists. Special attention is paid to interactive forms of education, which most contribute to the formation of professional competence. The pedagogical technologies used by us are designed to ensure the success of the professional work of designers, designers in the new socio-economic conditions.

442-446

Authors: Tukhtabaeva Z.

The interest in learning foreign languages is increasing rapidly in Uzbekistan. The foreign language curriculum has undergone significant changes since 2012. However, several shortcomings that should be improved still exist in this sphere. This paper puts forward an LPP proposal to enhance the current teaching system of foreign languages in public education.

453-460

Authors: Antoshkin A.

The article is dedicated to the work of local industries, and producers’ and disabled people’s cooperatives manufacturing consumer goods in Bashkiria in 1944 to 1945. The archive materials first introduced into the scientific scrutiny in this article show important contribution of producers’ and disabled people’s cooperation to the growth of the goods turnover in Bashkiria. During the Great Patriotic War, the centralized funds were reduced significantly. The turnover of the state-owned trading organizations and consumer cooperation dropped. Considerable resources were withdrawn to meet the urgent needs of the Army. These economic hardships necessitated the producers’ and disabled people’s cooperative societies to step in and by using local resources and industrial waste to make up for the shortage of consumer goods in the trading system of Bashkiria. Those goods were needed for satisfying the demand for consumer goods by local and evacuated people. The study showed different infringements of contractual arrangements between cooperatives and trading organizations. It disclosed the causes of the failure of production plans. There were cases of embezzling scarce goods, cases of self-supplying. Often the distribution of goods was performed outside the legal trading network. Inspections regularly found embezzlement and theft of significant amounts of produce. The conclusion is that the aforementioned set of infringements was one of the causes of the failure of the turnover plan in the state trading system in Bashkiria.

467-471

Authors: Tursunov J.

In this article, on the basis of archival sources and statistical materials, the development of the coal industry in the city of Shargun, as well as the socio-economic and cultural state of the city in 1970-1980 is studied. The town has undergone many positive changes in the socio-cultural sphere.

477-482

Authors: Rakhimov B.

This article analyzes the history of historical and spiritual heritage, cultural institutions, folklore and the activities of poets and poetesses in the Surkhandarya oasis and their importance in the process of spiritual education. The role and significance of the spiritual heritage of ancestors in the upbringing of the younger generation are also covered.

487-491

Authors: Kholmuminov Kh., Eshmuminov O.

This article discusses the policy of resettlement in Uzbekistan during the Soviet era and its consequences. This resettlement policy provides a scientific analysis of the social status and demographic characteristics of the resettled households, especially in the Surkhandarya region.

497-500

Authors: Kabulov E., Safarov B.

It is illuminated the politics of the Russian Empire and the British Government that was carried out in Central Asia and the role of the Surkhan oasis in this process, based on archival documents and historical sources in this article.

509-519

Authors: Khudaverdiyeva T.

In fairy tales, space plays an important role and acts as a structural element of fairy tales, performing a certain function within the fairy tale. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine fairy tales without the elements of space. As it is mentioned in the article, the world of fairy tales consists of numerous transformations and changes of spatial elements. The article gives a brief overview of semantic description of the spatial elements in the Azerbaijan fairy tales on the bases of five volume book of the Azerbaijan fairy tales. The article also identifies the functions of the words describing spatial elements. It investigates the transformations of spatial elements in the fairy tales. It notes that the spatial elements make up the archaic world model and participate in the formation of fairy tales. The article searches the semantic structure of the fairy tales with exact examples from them.

529-537

Authors: Normurodova, N.

The article deals with the problems of sententia as the author’s sayings, characterized by brevity, semantic capacity and reinterpretation. The sententia is also considered as a small form of a text, a component of an individual author’s and conceptual picture of the world, as a cultural model that translates the most conceptually significant information. The analysis of author’s sententia, their distinction signs, from the standpoint of author’s modality and intentionality revealed the following signs: a) stylistic marking, manifested in the convergence of stylistic devices; b) an entity that can be taken out of context as an independent judgment and used in other texts; c) national-cultural specifics verbalizing linguistic concepts, certain knowledge of the world, emphasizing figurative and value components containing culturally significant information; d) intertextuality, characterized by a double reference correlation due to the interaction of two texts.