Bulletin of Science and Practice

12-22

Authors: Lakina N., Doluda V., Rabinovich G., Lakina M., Sivenok A.

The paper presents experimental results on an effective method of using a complex of redox enzymes of the oxidoreductase class: glucooxidase (CF 1.1.3.4) and peroxidase (CF 1.11.1.7). Literature data confirming an increase in the potential of the redox reaction with the additional introduction of peroxidase, which decomposes hydrogen peroxide during the reaction used in the production of biofuel elements, are presented. The enzyme complex was included in polymer matrices of polyvinylpyrrolidone and acetylcellulose, which have a large number of functional groups, such as amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl, capable of forming strong covalent bonds with enzymes, as well as a high sorption capacity to proteins. The paper presents a comparative characteristic of the activities of biopolymer complexes. The data of the Fourier-IR spectroscopy prove the formation of strong covalent bonds between the functional groups of enzymes and the matrix used.

31-39

Authors: Brovko R., Mushinskii L., Doluda V.

Zeolite deactivation during the methanol transformation into hydrocarbons is a complex chemical process that includes reversible and irreversible degradation of active sites. The irreversible deactivation of the catalyst is associated with the degradation of active sites during long-term functioning of the zeolite under high-temperature exposure conditions of to water vapor as one of the main reaction products. The carbon deposits formation on the catalyst surface is the main cause of reversible deactivation. The formation of carbon can occur both in the cavities of the zeolites channels, which usually leads to a change in the selectivity of the process for light hydrocarbons, and at the junctions of the channels, which leads to pores blockage and a decrease in the activity of the catalyst. In addition, carbon deposition can occur directly on the active site of the zeolite, which also reduces the activity of the catalyst. The study of the synthesized catalytic systems deactivation rate to process time correlation was carried out in a tubular reactor installation of continuous operation, consisting of a reactor for producing dimethyl ether and a reactor for the transformation of dimethyl ether into hydrocarbons. Determination of the kinetic regularities of the deactivation process of zeolite H-ZSM-5 makes it possible to adequately describe the actual course of the catalytic transformation of methanol into hydrocarbons. As a result of solving the differential equations of catalyst deactivation by numerical methods, the values of the preexponential factors and activation energies were obtained. Base on the values of the preexponential factors and activation energies, the methanol into hydrocarbons conditions range optimal for the catalytic transformation was determined, providing the minimum rate of catalyst deactivation, Ptotal = 1 Bar, W (methanol) = 2.3 kg (methanol) / (kg (cat) × h), t = 330–360 °C, which correlates with the results of the literature data on the transformation of methanol into zeolite of the H-ZSM-5 type.

47-56

Authors: Aliyeva N.

Antioxidant defense systems have been studied in the mesophyll (MC) and bundle sheath cell (BSC) chloroplasts of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves cultivated in an artificial climate chamber under various concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%) of NaCl. The amounts of some of the main products of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APO) were determined in MC and BSC chloroplasts. BSC chloroplasts were found to be more tolerant to salt stress compared with MC chloroplasts. The MDA amount increased in both chloroplasts. H2O2 was found to be localized mainly in MC chloroplasts at various NaCl concentrations. The SOD and APO activities increased in both chloroplasts of the plants exposed to salt stress.

70-77

Authors: Babakishiyeva T.

Life forms, a range of leaf sizes, ethnobotany, and a description of the floristic features of plants common in the North-Western forests of the Lesser Caucasus are presented in the paper. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 on the territory of the forests of the Dashkesan and Goygol districts of the Azerbaijan Republic, which are part of the Lesser Caucasus, biodiversity was studied and the population was interviewed using generally accepted methods. Data about various life forms of local plants and their leaf size spectra are presented. 125 plant species belonging to 40 families have been identified, of which the Rosaceae family (48 species) and Poaceae (20 species) are predominant. Some plants are used to make medicines, food, feed, fuel, furniture, and housing as shown results. For this reason, forests are used in an integrated manner and vegetation is rapidly declining due to deforestation. The data for the protection of the rich vegetation in this area was taken from primary sources. The terrestrial flora is dominated by megaphanerophytes, followed by therophytes. Hemicryptophytes, nanophanerophytes, and geophytes are less common in local forests respectively. The vegetation cover is formed depending on the availability of trees. Microphylls and megaphylls dominate in the spectra of leaf sizes.

85-103

Authors: Volobuev A., Kolsanov A., Romanchuk N., Romanov D., Davydkin I., Pyatin V.

Modern digital healthcare, biophysics and biology create new problems that stimulate the development of a new biophysical circuit and mathematical models from nuclear fusion (nuclear medicine) to genomic cell-organizational prognosis in neurophysiology, neuroendocrinology, psychoneuroimmunology and psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology. In this case, the following are effectively used: deterministic, stochastic, hybrid, multiscale modeling methods, as well as analytical and computational methods. The solution of a genetical-mathematical problem of interaction of cages of human population and virus population in relation to COVID-19 pandemic problem is submitted. A mathematical model based on the Hardy-Weinberg law is used, consisting of two interdependent differential equations. The equations reflect the temporal dynamics of the cells of human and viral populations during their interaction. Solutions of differential equations were found and the results of these solutions were analyzed. The pandemic duration is estimated using parameters of human liver cells and influenza virus. Perspective of further development of psychoneuroimmunology as interdisciplinary science, through algorithms and routing of digital health care, with expansion of psychoneurocommunications of professional interests in medicine, economics, sociology, cultural studies is shown. Modern neurobes and neuromarketing are built around Homo sapiens within a “reasonable environment” — a healthy individual space.

117-121

Authors: Shumaeva R.

The problem of ecology is one of the global problems of all mankind. Many factors contribute to environmental pollution. One of them is the oil and gas industry. In lakes, Vershinnoe, Piltanlor, Vat’lor, Chikkhyilor, Kachnylor (Surgut District, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug), 103 surface water samples were taken. Sampling was carried out from April to October 2018–2020. A high degree of oil pollution was recorded in 63.11% of the samples. The conclusion is made. That the surface waters of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug are characterized by a low mineralization, high iron content, and a high degree of pollution with oil products.

126-131

Authors: Murodov P., Amirov O., Khuzhaev P.

The influence of the discharged treated wastewater on the ecology of the Kafirnigan River is considered. The data on the current state of sewage treatment facilities in the city of Dushanbe are given and an assessment of the environmental efficiency of these treatment facilities is given. Preliminary calculations of costs for the construction of a new sewage treatment plant in Dushanbe have been made. The article is devoted to the current problem of cleaning storm sewers. It should be noted that stormwater drainage, like wastewater, has a negative impact on the environment. Before the wastewater is disposed of, it is necessary to treat it in a special way, subjecting it to the treatment of varying degrees and depths.

142-146

Authors: Rasulov A.

With an increase in the quantity of irrigations from 4 to 5, the average weight of the bunch, the yield per hectare, the sugar content of the juice increases, but the percentage of the harvest suitable for storage and transportation decreases by 7% and at the same time the losses during storage increase by 1.1% and for transportation 1.1%. From the data obtained it can be seen that 4-fold watering is considered the best option for vineyards of the table variety Taifi Pink. Watering the vineyards in different phases of the growing season has shown that the best option is to water in the phases before bud break, before flowering, during the period of berry growth and 15–20 days before grape harvest. The largest yield is suitable for storage and transportation, it is obtained in the variant of watering the vineyard, in the 4th phase of the growing season and, in comparison with either variant, is 4 and 5% more.

154-158

Authors: Adigozalov P.

The consequences of the research on the definition of inorganic fertilization impact on winter rye crop yield in the western zone of Azerbaijan are presented in the article. The region is one of the significant territories in the Republic from the paint of a steadily developing agricultural sector. It is revealed on the basis of the investigation that for getting high and qualitative winter rye grain yield and restore of soil fertility on irrigated grey-brown soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone it is recommended that farms use inorganic fertilizers annually at the N90P60K60.

170-173

Authors: Aslanova E.

The article deals with the issues of soil chemicalization in the fight against plant pests. The results of the analysis of the application of existing technologies are analyzed. A developed and patented method is proposed, which provides for the collection of pollutants into special furrows that promote the targeted action of chemicals. the reasons were identified that create a problem in the introduction of chemical plant protection products.

179-187

Authors: Ibragimova Kh.

In the presented article, the results of the use of dispersed irrigation are considered. This method helps to reduce the ambient temperature, increase soil moisture, establish an optimal irrigation regime, reduce the need for water resources, prevent depression of photosynthesis of alfalfa agrophytocenosis under Absheron conditions. It is recommended to carry out dispersed irrigation on the soil surface at temperatures above 28 °C. The best results were obtained under the condition of the combined application of dispersed irrigation with sprinkling, especially in dry years.

197-205

Authors: Shapulatov U., Allaniyazova M., Kushiev Kh.

The paper presents data from studies of the influence of growth regulators on the infection of winter wheat plants. To reduce the level of infection with parasitic diseases and the negative impact of environmental factors, we recommend spraying winter wheat crops with CuproTGK GK-Cu, GK-Zn, DAG-1, DAG-2 preparations. However, the positive effect of the investigated drugs is limited by fungistatic activity. The preparations can be used for prophylactic purposes to reduce the level of infection of winter rye with fungal parasites.

213-216

Authors: Mamedov E.

In 2017–2019 studying of contamination of small cattle with anoplocephalid tapeworms in various farm of Nakhchivan AR is carried out. A total of 1625 sheep and lambs of different ages were used in this study. 584 intestines of sheep were observed. It is ascertained, that in the conditions of the Nakhchivan Anoplocephalidae of small cattle are widespread. Disease of small cattle is observed in all districts. The species composition of anoplocephalid tapeworms of small cattle in the territory includes 5 species. During inspections of the intestinal tracts were found 5 species of anoplocephalid tapeworms: Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni, Avitellina centripunctata, Thysaniezia giardi and Stilesia globipunctata. Extensiveness of invasion by results of helminthoovoscopic examination is 36.6% and by results of helminthological dissections is 26.4%. Intensity of invasion of small cattle with anoplocephalid tapeworms is on the average 3.4 sp./h.

226-234

Authors: Niyazov B., Mamakeev Zh., Sabitov A., Mamanov N.

The article presents the dynamics of the content of IL-1β and IL-10 in blood plasma in experimental animals when modeling a wounded process in low mountains and during the period of de-adaptation to high mountains while modeling a wounded process in conditions of low mountains and during a period of de-adaptation to high mountains. Animals were divided into 3 series: Series I — control series, permanently living in the conditions of Bishkek; II series — an experimental series, after a 3-day stay at the experimental high-mountain base of the KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev as part of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory, moved to the conditions of Bishkek with subsequent modeling and monitoring of the course of the wound process; III series - an experimental series, after a 30-day stay at the experimental high-mountain base of the KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev as part of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory, moved to the conditions of Bishkek, followed by modeling and monitoring the course of the wound process. Analysis of the data obtained shows that during aseptic inflammation, the opposite dynamics of the production of one of the key interleukins, with IL-1β, with a maximum concentration 12 hours after the onset of aseptic inflammation, was observed. The revealed changes in the content of cytokines during experimental aseptic inflammation determined the timely change and adequate duration of cellular reactions. In purulent inflammation, the dynamics of cytokine secretion was unidirectional, which led to a delay in all cellular phases of the inflammatory process. During the period of deadaptation after a long stay in high mountains, there is a low secretion of IL-1 and 10, associated with the depletion of protective and adaptive mechanisms.

242-247

Authors: Yusifova A., Alekberova S., Asadova B.

This article is devoted to the study of β-thalassemia, which is one of the most widespread hereditary diseases among the population of the Azerbaijan Republic. The possibilities of β-thalassemia manifestation together with abnormal forms of hemoglobin in the Azerbaijan population are traced. Basic prevention methods and the importance of establishing a State register of β-thalassemia cases are reviewed.

257-264

Authors: Kolyado I., Plugin S.

For many years a part of the Altai Territory has been subjected to the negative factors of rocket and space activities. With support of State Space Corporation, Regional State Budget Institution ‘Scientific Institute of Medical-Ecological Problems’ provides regular medical check-ups for the population of the territories bordering the drop zones for separating parts of launch vehicles. The given work presents the results of a comparative analysis of the prevalence of diseases in women of reproductive age in Baranovsky village council of Zmeinogorsky Area in 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2018. The most significant pathology and the peculiarities of the dynamics of prevalence of diseases have been revealed.

281-287

Authors: Otto O.

As a result of the reforms carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan to liberalize and develop the economy, the number of economic entities engaged in foreign trade operations and attracting foreign investment is increasing. In this regard, the introduction of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) is due to an objective necessity based on the increasing openness and interdependence of national economies.