Bulletin of Science and Practice

18-36

Authors: Afonin A.

The article substantiates the need to study the influence of hydrothermic conditions on the linear growth of shoots of woolly-stemmed willow. Purpose of research: identification and analysis structure of seasonal dynamics of internodes length of the shoots of S. dasyclados against the background of short atmospheric drought. Object of research: model inbred-clone population of S. dasyclados. Material: growing and matured annual shoots on two-year-old roots. Research methods: empirical methods of experimental botany, computer technologies of data analysis. Results. Against the background of the change of the early summer drought by cool rainy weather, the annual growth of the strongest shoots was 1.3 ... 2.5 m. The average length of internodes on the shoot varied from 23 to 31 mm. Seasonal dynamics of internode length can be approximated by linear trends in the first approximation. The deviations of the internode length from linear trends are nonlinear and are approximated by the equations of harmonic oscillations with a period of 96 ... 192 days. The strength of the influence of these harmonics on the seasonal dynamics of deviations of the internode length from linear trends is 2 ... 54%. The cyclicity of seasonal dynamics of deviations of internode length from linear trends is established. The revealed cyclicity is determined by the interaction of endogenous sub-annual and infradian biorhythms. Subannual biorhythms are approximated by harmonic oscillations with a period of 48 (64) days. The contribution of these biorhythms to the overall cyclicity is 23 ... 76%. Multi-day or infradian biorhythms are approximated by harmonic oscillations with a period of 19 … 24 (32) days. The contribution of these biorhythms to the overall cyclicity is 3 ... 35%. High-frequency oscillations with a period of 12 ... 16 days are disordered. Differences between series of seasonal dynamics of internode length are determined by differences between shoots of a single ramet, between different ramets, and between different clones. The influence of early summer drought stress on the seasonal dynamics of internode length has not been established.

45-52

Authors: Krylova E.

Erodium tataricum is a herbaceous perennial multi-headed tap-root (caudex) plant. Hemicryptophyte. Endemic. The ontogenetic structure was studied in the shrub-herb-grass petrophysics steppe. Individuals of the species have four periods and ten ontogenetic states. It was revealed that the population is normal with an incomplete spectrum. In accordance with the classification of A. A. Uranova and O. V. Smirnova, the population is definitive. According to the criterion of the absolute maximum, the population is young. The ontogenetic spectrum of the population is left-sided. A specific ontogenetic spectrum corresponds to a characteristic ontogenetic spectrum, i.e. biology of the species. According to the ontogenetic spectrum, the development of the population is characterized as sustainable. The peculiarity of Erodium tataricum is that on all aerial parts of the plant there is abundant pubescence, but in the old generative ontogenetic state, pubescence on the leaves decreases. The reproduction of the species is carried out by seed. In the subsenile ontogenetic state, senile particulation is possible.

62-68

Authors: Salmanova R.

The results of studies on the distribution of species of the Orchidaceae Juss. family in the shrubbery and forest vegetation of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been presented in paper. The Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. species was identified in small groups (by 2–3 individuals in each) in the upper part of the Duylunchay river basin of the Ordubad districts, in the lower and middle mountains in the vicinity of the Mazra River, in formations in shady places have been revealed during the studies. Species Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski, D. salina (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Soó, Orchis simia Lam., O. mascula (L.) L., Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb., Anacamptis laxiflora ssp. palustris (Jacq.) Kuropatkin & Efimov, of the Orchidaceae family are most often found among the shrubbery and forest vegetation of the study area.

74-87

Authors: Sariyeva G.

The results of phytoproductivity in dynamics and some energy indicators of Artemisetum–Ephemerosum and Alhagietum–Artemisosum on the territory of the Ganykh–Airichai valley of Azerbaijan are presented. These are typical semi-desert coenosis. Analysis of quantitative indicators of energy consumption in plant communities over the period of research showed that 2 types of weather and climatic conditions determined 2 contrasting periods of development. Data on the aboveground and underground biomass in the studied communities are given. A comparative analysis has been carried out.

96-102

Authors: Bekbanov B., Nagymetov O.

The issue of optimal seeding rates of spring wheat varieties in extreme conditions of Karakalpakstan is considered. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 with 3 varieties of spring wheat with different agroecotypes: Saratovskaya-29, Semarang, and Zhanub gather. Sowing was carried out with 10-row plots with a row spacing of 15 cm. The plot length was 10 m, width — 1.5 m. The plant nutrition area was changed by thickening them in the plot. As a result of the work, it was revealed that in the soil and climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan, the most optimal ratios between biomass and grain weight in plants are manifested in crops with a plant density of 450–500 plants per 1 m2, which corresponds to seeding rates of 180–200 kg/ha.

114-119

Authors: Farmanov T., Yusupova F.

The development of agriculture depends primarily on the availability of water resources. The current critical situation in the field of water on earth, which is already called Blue Gold, requires rational use of water resources, improvement of the agricultural system, which ensures a reduction in water use, and the introduction of modern water-saving technologies. Objective: To develop scientifically based proposals and practical recommendations to encourage the use of water-saving technologies in agriculture. Results: The proposed legal, organizational, and economic measures will contribute to the further development of water-saving technologies in agriculture.

127-166

Authors: Romanchuk N.

The human immune system and microbiota jointly evolve, and their balanced systemic interaction occurs throughout life. This close association of both overall composition and microbiota richness plays an important role in modulating host immunity and can influence the immune response in vaccination. The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. A new managed healthy microbiota and personalized functional and balanced “brain and microbiota” nutrition is a patient’s long-term medical program that allows the combined use of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacogenetics, and most importantly, the prevention of polypharmacy. A functional food product using biomarkers and artificial intelligence technologies is a targeted nutrient medium for both the body as a whole and microbiota in particular. Lifestyle and environmental factors leave epigenetic traces on our DNA that affect gene expression, some have protective effects and others are harmful. Genetic and epigenetic factors that ensure longevity and super-longevity require a reasonable new interaction with nature and society, and responsibility for future healthy generations. In the studies of P. I. Romanchuk, it was shown that an increase in the average life expectancy of a person and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of the neural network interaction of the human brain with artificial intelligence. The microbiota is a key element potentially capable of affecting antigen functions to elicit a protective immune response and the ability of the immune system to adequately respond to antigenic stimulation (vaccine efficacy) by acting as an immunological modulator as well as a natural vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system play a crucial role, especially at an early age (early gut microbiota forms immunological functions). New interactions, along with other genetic and environmental factors, lead to a certain composition and richness of the microbiota, which can diversify the individual response to vaccinations. Variations in microbial communities may partly explain the geographical heterogeneity in vaccination success, and a deep understanding of these dynamics may be a tool for improving immunization strategies.

174-181

Authors: Babayev F.

Risk factors for chronic kidney disease include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, urinary tract obstruction, toxic effects of drugs, cardiovascular diseases, etc. In order to study the effect of several risk factors on the development of chronic kidney disease and the role of each factor in comparison with the proportion of their effect on the final result, a dispersion analysis was carried out. It was revealed that the development of chronic kidney disease in men is influenced by diabetes mellitus (H/h=+0.69), diabetic nephropathy (H/h=+0.71), obesity (H/h=+0.36), arterial hypertension (H/h=+0.70), coronary heart disease (H/h=+0.62), renal stone disease (H/h =+0.37), urolithiasis (H/h=+0.41), chronic pyelonephritis (H/h=+0.39), chronic glomerulonephritis (H/h=+0.81), polycystic kidney disease (H/h=+0.68), autoimmune diseases (H/h=+0.67). In women, diabetes mellitus (H/h=+0.70), diabetic nephropathy (H/h=+0.73), obesity (H/h=+0.45), arterial hypertension (H/h=+0.71), ischemic heart disease (H/h=+0.52), urinary tract infections (H/h=+0.63), renal stone disease (H/h=+0.35), urolithiasis (H/h=+0.36), chronic pyelonephritis (H/h=+0.47), chronic glomerulonephritis (H/h=+0.79), polycystic kidney disease (H/h=+0.59), iron deficiency anemia (H/h=+0.37), autoimmune diseases (H/h=+0.66). Variance analysis revealed direct strong and average correlation relationships of risk factors according to the validity of their negative influence in men, with the exception of urinary tract infection and iron deficiency anemia, where weak correlation relationships were revealed. In women, direct strong and average correlations of all risk factors in the validity of their negative effects were identified. Increasing the wariness of doctors at the primary level in identifying risk factors and its timely correction will reduce the incidence of chronic kidney disease.

192-197

Authors: Evseev A.

According to the statistics submitted by the World Health Organization, sugar consumption has been constantly increasing worldwide. Craving for sugary foods is a fairly common form of addiction. Poor nutrition, caused by external and internal factors, provokes an increase in the incidence of obesity, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. This deadly triad annually takes hundreds of thousands of lives across the globe, since the pathologies listed above often go hand in hand, being interconnected. The article discusses the problem of using artificial and natural sweeteners in diet therapy for diabetes mellitus. Nutritionists around the world are concerned about how to preserve the usual sweet taste of dishes and drinks for patients with diabetes, on the one hand, yet avoiding additional harm to their health, and possibly improving the quality of diabetic life, on the other. The author summarized the materials on recent clinical studies on the subject discussed. The article analyses the four sweeteners most commonly used by diabetics: fructose, sorbitol, xylitol, and honey stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaf powder. Considerable attention is paid to the history of the appearance of each of the substances and medicinal raw materials studied. The author indicates their safe properties and possible disadvantages of use, as well as side effects.

204-210

Authors: Abdullayeva M.

In this work are developed the basic electrophysical properties of the ester- acetoxymethyl-sec.hexyl-o-xylene; methods for its purification and stabilization. There were chosen the adsorption method of thermo-oxidative stabilization to clean dielectric fluid from conductive impurities. As a result of The electrophysical characteristics of the acetoxymethyl-sec.hexyl-o-xylene ester, as well as the method of its purification using alumina, and hydrogenation on a catalyst representing 0.2% palladium on alumina and stabilization using additives NG-2246. As a result of the research, it was possible to obtain an ester with improved electrophysical parameters.

222-228

Authors: Guseva T., Soldatova S., Karanyan O.

The article describes the features of the organoleptic assessment and interpretation of the results of butter. The organoleptic and Physico-chemical characteristics of food products change over time. The analysis of the qualitative properties of the product is given for all the main parameters. In conclusion, the authors concluded that in addition to the input, there should be periodic control during storage.

235-240

Authors: Madaminov I.

The article discusses topical issues of achieving economic growth based on increasing investment activity in the regions of the country. Improving the investment attractiveness of regions is important. Analyzed the activity of domestic and foreign investors.

248-255

Authors: Davletov I.

The article discusses the main regulatory documents, trends in the development of the housing stock, and its management system in Uzbekistan. Scientific and methodological proposals and recommendations have been developed for improving the management system, maintenance, and modernization of residential buildings in modern conditions. As a result of the systematic implementation of modernization in the field of housing and communal services in the republic, the quality of communal services, as well as the standard of living and living conditions of the country’s population, are improving.

267-275

Authors: Salimov A.

The modern economy is characterized by a variety of relationships between enterprises. The growing competition pushes economic entities to search for more effective forms of cooperation, stimulates the emergence of integration formations that differ in ways of interconnection and management. The article deals with the problems of interaction between small and large businesses. On the basis of statistical, empirical, systemic and situational analyzes, the author has shown that the interaction of industrial enterprises of small and large businesses will allow achieving the maximum competitive advantages of the enterprise system. The work analyzes the subcontract system of interaction between small and large industrial enterprises.

281-287

Authors: Temirkhanova M., Ochilov I., Li Sh.

The article describes the existing problems in the preparation of financial reporting by insurance organizations in accordance with international standards and the ways of their overcoming, improvement of the assessment of internal control in the financial statements of insurance organizations, important aspects of the improvement of the methodology for determining the significance and risk of an audit of financial statements, and also a three-step process of model analysis.

293-299

Authors: Berdimuratova G.

In conditions of reforming the judiciary and construction of a lawful state, the contents of the concept ‘judiciary’ were considerably enriched and became wider. In clause has found the reflection modern understanding of the judiciary system of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the point of view on the basis of legislation and judicial reforms implemented in Uzbekistan.

308-315

Authors: Smanaliev K.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of changes in the model of criminal proceedings in the Kyrgyz Republic and the definition of ‘criminal proceedings’ is given in a new edition. It has been established that pre-trial proceedings as a stage in the criminal process; begins with the registration of statements and messages and is the initial independent stage of the criminal process, manifesting in two forms: investigation and proceedings on misdemeanor cases. It was confirmed that the refusal from the stage of initiating a criminal case was replaced by a new institute of the Unified Register of Crimes and Misdemeanors, which includes a process starting from the moment of electronic registration and a system for recording applications and messages and ending with the execution of a court sentence. The object of the research is public relations associated with the reform and digitalization of pre-trial proceedings in the Kyrgyz Republic. The subject of the research is the novelties of the criminal procedure legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic regarding pre-trial proceedings. In connection with the latest legislative reforms and digitalization in Kyrgyzstan, a comparative analysis of the state of the criminal procedure legislation of a number of post-Soviet states (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova) on issues related to the electronic system of the unified register of crimes and misconduct seems relevant to the author.

324-329

Authors: Ermashev Zh.

The article discusses the legal basis for organizing the activities of the khakims of cities and regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, makes a number of proposals aimed at improving the legislation on local authorities and the practice of their activities. In the legislation on local authorities, it is necessary to provide for norms on the responsibility of khakims and local government bodies, on the early termination of the powers of the khakim, as well as on increasing the influence of deputies of local government bodies. In order to strengthen the control functions of the representative body of power, it is necessary to give it the right to pass a vote of no confidence to the khakim as the head of the executive power.

356-394

Authors: Kuzina N.

Pandemics are social disasters provoking panic, acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder, massive aggression, and other psycho-emotional and behavioral disorders. The strength of these reactions is associated with the informational conditioning of a person in a period when archaic layers that cannot be rationalized are actualized in his psyche. The time has come for the analysis of information strategies that reinforce or deactivate the feelings of uncertainty and the vital threat that arose in society. The paper explores mental disorders, psychological defenses, and coping strategies that are relevant during a pandemic and similar disasters. The study also includes an assessment of the Russian language Internet content from April to July 2020, affecting the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of information security. The author reveals the effectiveness of communicating information using the image of an eyewitness of events (expatriate compatriot) or an expert (infectious disease doctor, virologist). The position of an observer-journalist (reporting on hospitals from the position of an interviewer) is rarely effective in reducing social tension. Analytical programs that increase uncertainty increase anxiety. In a panic, society needs samples of adaptive behavior and directives, humor that relieves fear. In the absence of officially disseminated medical recommendations, their place is taken by unqualified advice from ‘alternative medicine’ dangerous to public health. The reason for the panic and aggression is the low level of medical awareness of the population as well as the installation of false authority. The results obtained can be used by experts in the field of information security, the journalistic community.

401-407

Authors: Kvach I., Kvach S.

The article makes an attempt to analyze the situation in the labor market in modern Russian society in connection with new conditions, rapidly changing technologies, digitalization of all production and management processes, and what awaits a university graduate in a new labor reality. The article deals with the issue of conjugation of federal educational standards of higher education of generation 3++ and professional standards in the implementation of bachelor’s programs. The study is based on the example of interfacing FSES HE 21.03.01 “Oil and Gas Business” and the professional standard “Specialist in oil, gas and gas condensate production” in the context of the implementation of disciplines Technological equipment of the oil and gas industry and Maintenance and repair of oilfield equipment and the formation of professional competence: able to carry out work for diagnostics, maintenance, repair and operation of technological equipment in accordance with the chosen field of professional activity at the Yugra State University. The positive aspects of the interface between PS and FSES of HE in the implementation of educational programs of higher education, the difficulties arising on the way of this process and possible solutions are noted.

414-419

Authors: Allanazarova M.

Vocabulary learning has been a key aspect of acquiring a second language for many years. Many scholars and linguists claimed that learning languages cannot be successful without a wide range of vocabulary. However, most ESL learners are confronted with recalling difficulties as they tend to forget the word fast that they learned recently. These challenges are commonly discussed and researched by Cognitivists since they deem that there are several reasons for forgetting associated with memory and mental process. This case study entails small-scale research on vocabulary retention, reasons for forgetting, and some potential solutions to recall words in the second language. For this case study, we have chosen Cognitivism Theory in a bid to investigate and find out remembering challenges of our ESL learner and give her some possible solutions because according to cognitive psychology it is said that systematic forgetting occurs owing to interfering effects, a continuation of the very process of subsumption, neurolinguistic blocking, and other factors. Relying on their findings we tried to help our seventeen-year-old student who tends to forget English words easily. In this case, the hypothesis of the research is that pictorial texts or stories can be more effective for short and long-term vocabulary learning and retention.

424-428

Authors: Musabaeva R.

The article examines the interference change in the speech of the Germans living in the Chui region of Kyrgyzstan, which is observed at the morphological and syntactic levels and represents deviations from the language norm, the transfer of the right from one language to another. Interference at the morphological level is noticeable in the tendency towards the general case/form, in the verb-linking use of irregular forms of the verb, in the loss of the linking, in the loss of the subject pronounced by the pronoun, in the absence of the article, in the non-standard circulation of date names, in the expansion of the grammatical meaning of prepositions. At the syntactic level, interference is manifested in a violation of the word order in a sentence.

435-439

Authors: Kochkonbaeva B., Egemberdieva Zh.

This article discusses the modeling of morphological analysis and synthesis of the Kyrgyz language. Models of creating word forms and rules for connecting affixes to the base of a word are considered. As a result of studying the structure of natural language, an algorithm of the module was created that performs automatic morphological analysis and synthesis of word forms on a personal computer.