Bulletin of Science and Practice

19-33

Authors: Ketova K., Rusyak I., Vavilova D.

The problem of social clustering being studied in the paper is one of the main subtasks; its solution is an integral part of analysis and prognosis of socio-economic processes. Analysis and systematization of knowledge in the field of applying neural network modelling to regional system social clustering problem solving are implemented. It was demonstrated that today, the main factor of economic growth is human capital, which is composed of quantitative and qualitative features. The main quantitative element is population replacement which has a bearing on human capital development sustainability. Qualitative component has several aspects in it: healthcare, culture, education and science are among them. To estimate human capital structure, the population is divided into social clusters by these aspects. It was also shown that since social cluster is an attribute of sociogenesis, processes of social clustering themselves are the result of people social interactions. Social cluster is a specific state of social entity which includes description of not only entity’s objects, but the processes which led to its structural development and interactions with social environment. As part of the study, a conclusion was made that neural networks enable one to apply cluster analysis to the society. Neural networks prove notable capabilities to solve poorly formalized tasks; they are resistant to frequent environmental changes and effective to use when working with a large amount of incomplete or contradictory information. While studying the issue, it was observed that structural and statistical features of social clusters reflect aggregation of their elements. The structure of a social cluster is a characteristic which represents a conjunction of stable connections which provide its unity. Under different external and internal changes, the main properties of social clusters are preserved. The grading of social demographic elements by health condition and cultural and educational level is set, in accordance with which collecting a statistical data to solve the clustering problem is implemented.

39-44

Authors: Osekova G.

Sodium phenolite and picric acid have been investigated and experimentally obtained. At constant temperature conditions. Studied and obtained phenol-formaldehyde resin by condensation polymerization method. The formation of paraisomers upon sulfonation of phenol with 98% sulfuric acid at 1000 °C indicate that the rate of the reverse reaction under these conditions is low. Control of phenol sulfonation becomes the dominant product of this reaction.

50-54

Authors: Salmanova R.

Species content and distribution patterns of the Orchidaceae Juss. Family in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been studied. Considering last changes in literature data, materials included in the herbarium fund and the performed researches, 21 species of the Orchidaceae Juss. Family belonging to 8 Genera have been established in the territory of the Autonomous Republic.

65-96

Authors: Bulgakova S., Romanchuk N.

Along with many physiological changes during normal aging, sleep also changes. Age-related changes in sleep include: a decrease in the duration of night sleep, an increase in the frequency of falling asleep during the day, an increase in the number of night awakenings and time spent without sleep during the night, a decrease in the phase of slow sleep, etc. Most of these changes occur between the young and the middle and remain unchanged in the elderly. In addition, the circadian system and homeostatic sleep mechanisms become less stable with aging. The level and nature of the secretion of hormones acting on sleep change during normal aging, which affects the processes of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep indicators are interrelated and/or dependent on lifestyle, polymorbidity (somatic, psychological), polypharmacy, epigenetic (social, economic, environmental, etc.) factors. Increased average human life expectancy and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of human brain neural network interaction with artificial intelligence.

130-134

Authors: Toktonalieva N., Toktonaliev I.

Herbal medicines currently widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Their share now is about 30% among all medicines and will only increase in the future. Therefore, every year the range of herbal remedies is expanding in pharmacies. At the same time, concerns about safety regarding the widespread use of herbal medicines among healthcare workers have increased, as the Kyrgyz population still believes that herbal medicines are safe and have a mild effect on the body. Our study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists in the field of herbal medicines. This article presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among pharmaceutical workers of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research materials used specially designed questionnaires, including the demographic characteristics of the participants, their knowledge, perception, attitude to the use of herbal remedies, and included issues of the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines. In the course of the study, pharmacoepidemiological, sociological research methods and an expert assessment method used. The results of the study showed that the majority of pharmacists consider herbal medicine effective and safe, and noted that providing reliable information when dispensing herbal preparations is their professional responsibility.

145-156

Authors: Chernomorova T., Vorobyev S.

The analysis of the ambiguity of the natural language is based on the development of Question Answering Systems that can process a user-entered question in a natural language and give a meaningful answer. Unlike the classical keyword search task, in which the result is a list of documents, in the question-answer search task, the result is a short and concise answer generated by the system as a result of analysis of various data sources. The review article lists and considers the main approaches and principles for constructing question-answer systems: a meta-search system, an annotated text search system, an expert system, a search system in question and answer collections. One of the first approaches to Question Answering Systems can be called the BASEBALL system of the early 60s of the last century, since it became possible to ask questions to the system in a natural language, but the knowledge base was a regular structured database. Thus, it can be considered its natural input system. All early Question Answering Systems were faced with the problem of the lack of BigData — a large amount of digitized facts and rules. Really working expert systems were obtained only in a limited domain of knowledge. Therefore, for a qualitative discussion of Question Answering Systems, it is proposed to classify them in the following dimensions: types of supported questions, types of supported answers, source of information, technique for outputting a question or answer by source of information, limited domain of knowledge, quality assessment methods, direction — who asks the question: user or system. Direction is a dimension proposed for the classification of Question Answering Systems for the first time in this article. It defines the lead question-answer dialogue in a pair — a man-computer. A direct question-answer system implies that a person asks questions and the machine answers. An inverted system assumes that the computer is leading this dialogue. Today, one of the most developed and well-known direct Question Answering Systems is the question and answer system on the IBM Watson supercomputer. In the last decade, there has been an active development of educational technologies on the Internet (EduTech). Using the accumulated amount of data on successful or dead-end paths by the user on digitized course materials, it is possible to form an adaptive training course for each of them, which allows to maximize the student’s readiness coefficient. In practice, training is faced with a high threshold of entry by the author of the course, the teacher. He needs not only to restructure the structure of his classical courses, breaking up into smaller blocks, but also to add original questionnaires and elements of gamification of instruction to the pauses between blocks. Inverted Question Answering Systems with an open dialog domain of knowledge have a great prospect in solving the problem of generating original questionnaires, conducting a simple dialogue on an adaptive question graph and introducing gamification elements to improve the perception and assimilation of lecture material.

165-172

Authors: Mirzaev A.

The article examines trends in the development of recreational tourism, which has been developing rapidly in the national economy in recent years. In the course of the research, the effectiveness of services was evaluated based on the analysis of the resource potential of enterprises providing recreational services. As a scientific innovation, studied the possibilities of stabilizing the volume of services by implementing an electronic reservation system for digitizing the management activities of enterprises in the industry. Theoretical research is based on the determination of forecast indicators up to 2022 by means of an econometric model, depending on factors that affect the volume of recreational services provided in the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2013–2019.

179-183

Authors: Khajayev R.

Effective solution growth of housing in modern conditions requires considering various factors: social stratification of the population, increasing requirements for housing comfort, the presence of accelerated urbanization, new forms of housing reproduction and others.

190-195

Authors: Shodiev E.

The article discusses the current problems and their solutions in the organization of the administrative account at the enterprises of sphere of services in the field of Information Technology and Communications of Uzbekistan. Problems affecting the information technology and communications services sector and issues related to their solution are being studied.

201-209

Authors: Kozhevnikova E., Malaya T.

The article is devoted to theoretical and practical issues that reflect the approaches of scientists and judicial practice to the definition of the concept of a minority participant in an economic company.

216-221

Authors: Beishembek kyzy A., Abzhaparov M.

The article discusses government policy in the field of digital transformation of the country. The concept of public policy and digitalization is considered. It is noted that a properly constructed legal and state policy is the key to achieving success in the intended goal in the development of the country. An attempt is made to highlight the positive aspects of both competent public policy and the development of the state at the rate of using innovative technologies. The author tried to highlight the positive impact of the transition to digital technologies on the quality of human life and government activities in the future. Several examples of the implementation of automated information systems are given.

226-235

Authors: Khlopov O.

The article is devoted to the study of energy problems in the foreign policy of the EU and the United States. The analysis of the paper is formed on a cognitive approach in analyzing the foreign policy making process and explores the relationship between energy and foreign policy of the EU and the USA. Based on the comparative method, the study races the role of the energy factor in shaping the foreign policy of the European Union and the United States. Although the US is the world's largest hydrocarbon producer and net exporter of energy, mainly due to its shale deposits, the EU remains the world's largest energy importer. This significant difference provides an opportunity to compare the role of energy in the foreign policy process of the two participants with completely different potential for the production and export, mostly of hydrocarbon resources. The author argues that the energy security strategies of both actors are based on interaction of material and ideological factors, but they have different ideas about the interests that generate their foreign policy behavior.

240-243

Authors: Petrova S.

The article shows that modern processes of globalization are complexly structured and have not a simple configuration. By preventing globalization, countries strive to preserve their diversity, identity and cultural traditions. Cultural pluralism has become a pronounced feature of the world community. Within individual cultures, there are processes of increasing individual and group independence in determining cultural activities and cultural consumption.

251-255

Authors: Losev A., Kaerova E. Osipova N.

In this work, on the basis of statistical data of the Ministry of Physical Culture and Sports of Primorsky Krai, an analysis of the dynamics of the level of provision of the population of Primorsky Krai with sports facilities for 2013–2019. and a comparative forecast analysis for 2019–2024. It was established that the level of provision of the population with sports facilities does not have positive dynamics over the specified period of time. The most significant reasons for the current state of the sports sphere of the region were identified and a number of proposals aimed at its maintenance and development were formulated.

260-263

Authors: Tagaeva D., Toktomambetova Zh.

The article discusses the tasks of personality-oriented learning, different models of developing learning of a modern school. Technologies for building and implementing a personality-oriented educational process. Modern innovative approaches to learning, forms and means of training are presented.

272-276

Authors: Zikirova G.

This article discusses the application of research activities as a means of forming the research competence of a bachelor. Research the concept of research competence is the General concept of “research”. The role of research competence of the bachelor is determined. The result of the study is a certain territorial system concept and objective education. The emerging levels of professional competence of the future bachelor’s mathematics teacher coincide with the level of students’ performance of educational and methodological tasks: low level-the lack of a system of knowledge of a reproductive nature about the methodological features of teaching certain topics of mathematics, about the age characteristics of students; inability to make educational and methodological questions even on a given sample; intermediate level-a system of acquired and existing knowledge, skills and basic professional qualities in the learning process, which is able to solve educational and methodological issues in standard situations with the help of a teacher or other persons through level 1 tasks using individual approaches based on the model; a high level of methodological literacy — readiness for independent and creative release training tasks in the changed conditions on all major types of educational-methodical assignments with the use of special, generic methods or their own methods of instructional activities in accordance with accepted standards and norms and the implementation of educational-methodical tasks of the second and third levels. We can conclude that research is a phenomenon of human culture, the essence of which is the knowledge of the world around us. The result of the research is objective knowledge reflected in the system of concepts in a certain area.

284-288

Authors: Jahongirov B.

Present article deals with the scientific and technical relations of Uzbekistan with foreign countries, in which the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan cooperates with research institutes, research centers, higher educational institutions on the basis of agreements and scientific projects on the development of science. The issues of holding conferences and scientific seminars on the basis of projects, exchange of experience, joint training of scientific personnel, development of mutually beneficial research work in the future were studied.

295-300

Authors: Yarmatov F.

This article analyzes the positive changes in the social protection system of Uzbekistan and the achievements in this area on the example of the southern regions and provides comprehensive information.

304-311

Authors: Savitskaya E.

The article is devoted to revealing the cultural and historic continuity of eidetic and abstract thinking and their structural parallelism. The author describes the cognitive archetype “Shape” in English linguoculture, shows what subject areas are modelled by using the above-mentioned archetype (mental states / properties, action and its effect, objective circumstances etc.) and points out the importance of the cognitive archetype in question for modern abstract thinking and modelling of reality. The role of the cognitive archetype “Configuration of objects” for abstract thinking and modelling of reality is emphasized. In particular, it has been demonstrated that among representatives of English linguoculture the image of a straight line is often associated with simplicity, truthfulness, honesty, sincerity, rejecting ambiguity in expressing thoughts, spontaneity, whereas the image of a curved line is often associated with complexity, deceit, insincerity, hypocrisy, resourcefulness, fraud, wrongness, deviation from the norm, standard, from a simple and clear presentation of thoughts. The author notes that the numerous language examples given in the article indicate an important circumstance in the field of cognitive science: a person does not believe that he has deeply understood the structure and essence of a non-perceivable object until he imagines its spatial outlines. The author states that information about the environment is received through sensory channels, with further processing of the information received through the channels, constructing abstract notions from sensory images, but, as can be seen from the examples, never loses connection with the images. The author also notes that man is an intelligent primate; his picture of the world, figuratively speaking, is a building of the human mind based on ape’s sensations. But the sensations that man has inherited from his animal ancestors do not prevent him from gaining genuine knowledge, developing abstract thinking, and achieving an adequate understanding of the world.