Bulletin of Science and Practice

18-26

Authors: Mushinskii L., Navrotskaya I., Brovko R., Doluda V.

This paper presents a study of the kinetics of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in the presence of Ni-containing catalysts based on super-crosslinked polystyrene. Aniline hydrogenation is a complex multi-stage process accompanied by the formation of a large number of both intermediate and by-products, including azobenzene, azoxybenzene, nitrosobenzene, phenylhydroxylamine, and other substances. Therefore the study of the process kinetics is an important scientific and technical task necessary to increase the yield of the target product — aniline. The hydrogenation reaction of nitrobenzene was carried out in a six-cell high-pressure reactor Parr instruments, Series 5000. The products were analyzed by chromatography using a gas chromatograph Kristallux-4000M (Russia, Meta–Chrom). The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration of the catalyst was studied; optimal reaction conditions were selected that ensure the maximum yield of aniline. Investigation of the effect of the nitrobenzene initial concentration on the rate of its transformation shows that increase of catalyst to nitrobenzene ratio from 0.2 to 0.6 kg (Cat)/kg (NB) leads to a linear increase in the rate of transformation of nitrobenzene from 0.0002 kg (NB) / (kg (Cat)*s ) to 0.0028 kg(NB)/(kg(Cat)*s), a further increase in the ratio of catalyst concentration to nitrobenzene concentration to 1.2 kg (Cat)/kg(NB) leads to stabilization of the nitrobenzene transformation rate at the level of 0.003 kg(NB)/(kg(Cat)*s). An increase in the temperature of the reaction from 90 to 160 °C contributes to a significant increase in the nitrobenzene transformation rate. The constructed dependencies made it possible to calculate the apparent activation energy of the process, which amounted to be 50.4 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor, which amounted to be 15821.1 1/s. The applicability of the Langmuir–Henschelwood model to describe the basic kinetic laws of the reaction of catalytic nitrobenzene hydrogenation with the formation of aniline is studied. Numerical methods in the Matlab software allows to determine the values of preexponential factors and activation energies of the nitrobenzene hydrogenation processes, adsorption of nitrobenzene and adsorption of hydrogen, which made it possible to establish the optimal area of nitrobenzene hydrogenation process of hydrogenation of Pн2 = 15–18 atm, C(NB) = 1.2 kg(NB)/kg(Cat), t =115–120 °C providing maximum speed.

37-40

Authors: Rzayeva A.

The article provides some information about spore-forming bacteria (bacilli) and micromycetes of natural (virgin) stenosis under herbaceous vegetation and agrocenosis (cereals). It was established that in both senses there are 3 strains of spore-forming bacteria and 4 strains of micromycetes. Bacilli and micromycetes actively decompose complex polysaccharides to monosaccharides, which are easily absorbed by plants. Bacilli and micromycetes have a strong enzymatic effect on plant residues, transforming decomposition products in the process of humus formation. Together with invertebrate animals, they are included in the decomposition chain of phytomass residues. Bacilli and micromycetes, being active under mesophilic conditions, are also significant in arid soils.

58-65

Authors: Mammadova Z.

During the study of seed productivity in species of leguminous plants Vicia sativa L., V. crocea Desf., V. alpestris Stev., V. sepium L., Medicago glutinosa Bieb., Astragalus glycyphyllus L., A. falcatus Lam., A. aduncus L., A. kubensis Grossh. and Trifolium caucasicum Tausch. Studied at the level of cenopopulation in the area of different botanical geographical districts of Azerbaijan Republic the highest value has been observed in T. caucasicum Tausch. species (Cp=0.80), and the lowest values in A. glycyphyllus L. (Cp=0.43) and A. aduncus L. (Cp=0.43). By studying seed productivity of leguminous crops, it is possible to achieve significant results in the development of animal husbandry in the country, including the provision of food security.

74-80

Authors: Kantsavaya I., Nikitin A., Tankevich E., Sidareika Yu.

The work examines the number of the main physiological groups of microorganisms in the peat soil of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Methods: Koch cup method, agrochemical methods, γ-spectrometry, statistical analysis. An analysis of the numbers of the main physiological groups of microorganisms showed that a peat soil sample II, which was characterized by a lower level of contamination with technogenic radionuclides as compared to sample I, contains a smaller amount of ammonifying and phosphate — mobilizing bacteria, as well as micromycetes, respectively, more than 2–20 times compared with sample I. For the remaining studied groups of microorganisms in sample II, in comparison with the sample I was noted an excess of the number of microorganisms by less than 1.5 times. For this soil sample, the largest number is typical for autochthonous microorganisms, then in a row with decreasing numbers are presented: amylolytic, oligonitrophilic, spore ammonifiers, cellulose–destroying aerobic bacteria. It was established that the peat soil of the sample plot I am characterized by a greater degree of enrichment of the soil with microorganisms. This is due, firstly, with an increased water content in the peat sample I (up to 90%) that promotes rapid growth soil microorganism’s population; secondly, it is determined by a large number of plant roots. The density of peat soil radionuclide contamination to a lesser extent affects the quantitative content of most of the physiological groups of microorganisms studied in it.

93-98

Authors: Emilbekov M.

The article presents the results of conservative treatment in 35 patients with the diagnosis of Torticollis, who was hospitalized at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. For 2 years, these patients received regular conservative therapy and were registered. 16 (65%) had good results, and 9 (35%) had satisfactory results. To support the results of treatment, 82% of patients needed to continue treatment with conservative methods for another 1.0–1.5 years.

106-111

Authors: Shaiderova I.

The article presents a comparative analysis of indicators of electromechanical activity and cardiohemodynamics in children of the first 3 years of life, patients with recurrent bronchitis. The direction and frequency of changes in the electro– and echocardiogram in sick children in the age aspect were determined.

118-123

Authors: Satarkulova A.

Prenosological assessment of the functional state of students studying in different climatic and geographical conditions is a very important task since it allows timely detection of conditions that precede pathologies in students and contributes to the preservation of health. Goal. Study of the state of the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system in foreign students living and studying in the midlands. Materials and methods. The study involved 342 first- and third-year students aged 20.0±1.9 years from India. The survey was carried out in the conditions of the low mountains (760 m above sea level, control group) and the midlands (1650 m above sea level). The main time and spectral parameters of HRV were recorded within 5 minutes using the hardware and software complex Psychophysiologist. Results. The comparative assessment showed that students living in the conditions of the midlands had low values of SDNN, TP, VLF, LF and HF and high indicators of Amo, HR, SI, which indicates the predominance of central regulatory mechanisms and the shift of the vegetative balance towards the sympathetic link in this group. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the spectral and temporal parameters of HRV in midlands students characterize the idea of a regulatory and adaptive state of the body, in which energy and metabolic resources are activated, primarily the circulatory system, aimed at maintaining homeostasis in changing environmental conditions.

130-134

Authors: Tashpolotov K.

The article describes the judgment on the nature of living-related transplantation. We must proceed from the fact that any patient who is doomed to death, while breathing, remains a person aimed at the future. With a related organ transplant, doctors act morally, but with elements of error. And if you take into account the fact those doctors have an alternative way — transplantation of organs taken from a corpse; that is, in a linear order, then they would act morally without any reservations. In moral matters, doctors should strive for an affordable optimum, guided by moral responsibility.

147-152

Authors: Babaev F.

In the general structure of chronic renal failure, up to 40% is terminal chronic renal failure requiring replacement renal therapy, particularly hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Azerbaijan has an annual increase in the number of patients with chronic renal failure by 10–12 percent. In 2006, the State Program of Measures for Chronic Renal Failure 2006–2011 was adopted to reduce the prevalence and improve the quality of treatment for chronic renal failure. The implementation of this program allowed to create a state register of patients with chronic renal failure, expand the network of hemodialysis centers, increase availability in medicines, use modern methods of early diagnosis and prevention of chronic renal failure. In order to further improve nephrological assistance, the second stage of the State Program for the Reduction of Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Azerbaijan for 2011–2016 years has been adopted. The effectiveness of the Program to reduce chronic renal insufficiency in Azerbaijan has been demonstrated by the improvement of the quality of medical care, the increase in life expectancy, and the reduction of mortality. It should be noted that thanks to this program, the number of patients receiving hemodialysis per 21.0–25.0% increases annually. In 2010, the Republican Clinical Urological Hospital opened a kidney transplant center. The main objectives of the Program are to reduce mortality from chronic renal failure, Increasing hemodialysis centers according to the number of patients with chronic renal failure and kidney transplant operations. In 2016, the State Program of chronic renal failure for 2016–2020 was adopted. Some progress has been made during the implementation of the State Program. In many parts of Azerbaijan, the population is provided with dialysis assistance free of charge from the State budget. By January 1, 2020, there are 3 kidney transplantation centers and 45 hemodialysis centers equipped with 716 dialysis devices.

173-180

Authors: Ganiyeva S.

The morphogenetic analysis of the soils in the Absheron administrative region was analyzed, the peculiarity of the ecological factors affecting the formation of physical, physicochemical characters was given. The composition of soil fund is analyzed. An area of clayey, heavy, average, light clayey, sandy soils was calculated. The land grouping was performed for soil profile density. The analysis was performed on administrative–zone units of the areas in the agricultural places (tillage, perennial planting, pastures, and hayfield), the distribution legislation of the land property forms were studied.

192-197

Authors: Achundova S.

The bioecological potential and resource potential of feed plants distributed on the pastures of the North-Eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus are studied. 440 Angiosperms species belonging to 171 genera and 27 families have been identified in the flora of the territory. The biological resources relatively wet and dry mass of some species were calculated in different years and were found the reserves of the Lotus corniculatus L., Dactylis glomerata L., Anthyllis lachnophora Juz. and Urtica dioica L. species respectively — 246.55 (59.2%); 198.0 (45.5%); 149.53 (32.9%); 135.4 (28.4%) centners on ha. For farmers advisable to use both dry and wet messes to enrich the diet of animals. So, the yield of each species in 2019 increased compared to 2017–2018 years. Indicators of feed value were also analyzed to assess the feed value of these species, common among the meadow vegetation types. The species Dactylis glomerata L. should be distinguished according to the highest dry weight and crude protein (18.0%), and Lotus corniculatus L. — by the feed unit (0.22). Cultivate the highest yielding fodder plants and studies the indicators of fodder quality are necessary for accelerating the development of animal husbandry and obtain high-quality animal products.

205-213

Authors: Epimakhov V., Sarukhanov V.

In order to prevent the development of pathological processes in the body of farm animals, the intravital determination of the content of heavy metals in organs and tissues is relevant. The state of the solution to this problem is considered. A description is given of various approaches that allow testing the content of heavy metals in animals, assessing and adjusting the environmental safety of livestock products.

223-231

Authors: Liu Z., Zhou Y., Golyanin A.

Recently, more and more scholars have devoted themselves to researching new methods of vibration reduction and noise reduction by manipulating the elastic waves in the structure to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction and noise reduction. To this end, a new type of ‘acoustic black hole’ structure is proposed, which reduces structural vibration while avoiding problems such as mass increase. In this paper, the vibration damping performance of the structure is mainly calculated by finite element software, and the energy concentration effect of the thin plate containing the acoustic black hole is verified by finite element analysis. A thin plate structure with four acoustic black holes is proposed. The calculation shows that the structure has an obvious vibration reduction effect, and the vibration reduction effect can reach more than 20dB at high frequency.

252-256

Authors: Aldasheva, N.

This article investigated and determined the specific surface area of artificial graphite for adsorption through a methylene blue solution. The study showed that the specific surface area of graphite adsorption obtained from coal from the Uzgen deposit in Kyrgyzstan for methylene blue is 599.4 m2/g and this is very close to the performance of activated carbons. The specific surface area of artificial graphite obtained from coal from the Uzgen deposit for adsorption activity was determined by titration of a suspension with a methylene blue indicator solution.

264-271

Authors: Zainutdinov Sh., Ashurov Z., Nurimbenov R.

In all countries of the world, the standard of living of the population remains the most acute economic problem. This paper discusses the issues and factors of improving the living standards of the population, it highlights the issues of demography, population growth, consumption growth, resource endowment, consumer baskets, consumer ability and purchasing power of the population, what is expected for a standard of living in the long term — for the millennium, the approaches to this issue of the UN and leading international organizations.

288-293

Authors: Shvaiba D.

Considering the role of the trade union movement in Belarus in the current specific historical conditions, their place in civil society of the future and the ability to exist in the long term, and in particular the conclusions that will be drawn from the results of the analysis directly depend on the personality of the researcher, to set a not simple task, its potential of knowledge and experience. That is why the presented arguments and conclusions do not claim to be absolutely true, but at the same time form the outline of the study, making this topic less vague for further research.

303-308

Authors: Matrizayeva D.

The main goal of the article is to analyze the successful optimization of the issue under consideration in accordance with the general goals of management through innovation. The study of the theory and practice of innovation management in industrial enterprises, as one of the main directions of increasing competitiveness in a market economy. The data presented in this article show the possibilities of ensuring sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan. Discusses modern skills and effective management in companies to ensure appropriate competencies in the national economy.

315-321

Authors: Kalmuratov B.

At present, there is no single state policy for the development of the building materials industry, including innovation. In this regard, it is necessary to form a strategic approach to the innovative building materials industry. The formation of a regional construction cluster will allow us to link the development of the industry in question with the priorities of state policy, as well as the interests of other participants in the construction complex and the scientific base.

332-369

Authors: Nemtsov A.

This article is a continuation, the second part of the publication Cultural and historical attitudes of students of humanitarian and technical specializations. It presents and analyzes the results obtained by the implementation of shortened and expanded versions of the questionnaire aimed at studying the perception of students of the period of existence, causes, and consequences of the collapse of the USSR. The basic ideas of students about the possibility of a similar negative scenario for modern Russia are also considered. The factors associated with the degree of stability of certain cultural and historical attitudes of students are analyzed. The main potential lines of confrontation are outlined, as well as possible areas of compromise. An attempt is made to correlate the obtained data with modern theoretical approaches to the studied problem.

381-387

Authors: Kurbatova V.

The article discusses the basic psychological characteristics of a person and character, characteristic of representatives of Jewish nationality, whose life and professional fate has developed in Russia. Preserving their national characteristics, they were forced to interact with a new culture and mentality, modifying some of their personality traits.

394-400

Authors: Shvets L.

This article describes the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the representatives of the Lezgin ethnic group. Moral–ethical foundations of interaction within the Lezgin ethnic group, gender norms in ethnic culture, features of parent-child relationships, and psychological characteristics of representatives of a given people were described. Also, based on cultural and ethnic features, assumptions were made regarding possible options for experiencing extreme situations.

405-410

Authors: Aliev I.

This article highlights current issues of the organization of distance learning and its role in the educational policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The role of this form of education as a factor in improving the quality of education in higher education is considered. One of the factors for improving the quality of education in the system of higher professional education is the widespread adoption of modern information technologies, including multimedia and virtual. Modern information technologies in combination with pedagogical technologies can significantly increase the effectiveness of the educational process; to achieve a solution to the main problem: the development of cognitive skills of students, critical and creative thinking, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate in the information space.

416-421

Authors: Azimbaeva R.

The purpose of this study is to consider the effectiveness of using interactive technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language at a higher educational institution. The principal result of our research is the analysis of the influence of using interactive techniques on acquiring communicative competence and personal development of students. The major conclusions estimate the significance of applying interactive technologies in learning process.

428-433

Authors: Isamukhamedova M., Tukhtabaeva Z.

It is widely known that enhancement of the system of teaching foreign languages can be achieved by introducing progressive teaching methods as well as using modern teaching and information–communication technologies thus enabling them to access the achievements of the world civilization and globally available information resources, ensuring international collaboration and communication. Nowadays, culture is playing an important role in foreign language teaching and learning, therefore, a lot of researches has been done in this field in recent years. It has been recognized that a language is used as the main medium through which culture is expressed. It is believed that students are aware of language rules but are not always capable enough to use the language sufficiently as they do not have a sound knowledge of the target culture. Nevertheless, “pure information” is insight; while the development of people’s cultural understanding leads them to better critical thinking. There are ample methodologies for developing learners’ intercultural competence. The present study also seeks the ways of developing a model of blended learning course on intercultural communication.

438-443

Authors: Parpieva N., Yakubova U., Mirkhodjaeva N.

Mathematics acts as the basic subject of higher education. Most students around the world, particularly in this study, in Uzbekistan, sometimes lack the motivation to be good at mathematical disciplines. The work presented in this article is aimed to promote the development of new teaching and learning methods by using modern digital technologies, in order to encourage studying mathematics.

453-459

Authors: Brattsev M., Shimichev A.

The article discusses the issue of achieving secondary school students’ personal learning outcomes using pedagogical technology of critical thinking development in foreign language classes. They are determined the advantages of this technology in comparison with traditional training. Analyze the requirements of normative documents in relation to the personal results of the educational process, they are summarized in three groups: self-determination, semantic formation, and moral and ethical orientation. The prerequisites and personal qualities of students necessary for the development of critical thinking are established. It is presented a three-stage model for the implementation of the critical thinking development technology in teaching foreign languages which includes the stages of challenge, comprehension, and reflection.

465-473

Authors: Yakovleva, E.

The article traces dynamics of the share of first-year students using an intra-extramural form of study at the Nizhnekamsk Chemical Technological Institute of Kazan National Research Technological University. The advantages and disadvantages of bachelor training in an intraan extramural form of study are considered. The author dwells on the extension of students’ age brackets which is common for our country in recent years. Defining characteristics of teaching adults are revealed. Possible directions of organizational and methodological improvement of intraan extramural form of study in terms of professional training of bachelors in a higher educational institution are featured. The main aims solved by a lecturer are defined. Special attention is paid to developing the methodology of conducting micro-seminars during laboratory classes in physics which contributes to the active independent cognitive activity of students. Attention is drawn to the need for effective supervision during the midterm assessment.

480-483

Authors: Petrov I.

Since its inception, sociology has focused on the analysis of cultural patterns, patterns of functioning and development of society, and the search for optimal solutions to various socio-cultural problems. The article deals with the interpretation of culture based on its value understanding. Today, the axiological approach continues to play an important role in the sociology of culture. This allows us to study the structure of social values, as well as the dominant value orientations of diverse social groups, not only in the sphere of culture but also in other areas of society. Based on these studies, practical recommendations can be developed on a wide range of cultural issues — from the moral education of young people to the optimization of the activities of certain socio-cultural institutions.

488-504

Authors: Glushchenko, V.

The subject of the article is the development of scientific theory, technological paradigms and research directions of its practical application, the object of study is technological way as a socio-economic and technological phenomenon, the aim of this work is to optimize the process of crisis management by accelerating the formation of the sixth technological structure in the economy to achieve this goal the following tasks: research the features and roles (entity) technological system in the real economy and social life; the scientific methods of the article are philosophy and methodology of science, functional and decomposition representation of complex systems, algebra of logic, search and normative forecasting, heuristic forecasting, expert methods, system approach, system analysis and synthesis, the scientific novelty of the work is associated with the development of the scientific theory of technological systems and the study of its practical use.

516-522

Authors: Grudeva E.

The article is based on the materials of a comprehensive study of the concepts summer and autumn from the point of view of their perception by representatives of Russian and English linguistic cultures. This paper shows the features of the paradigmatic relations of Russian and English concept summer. The study was built on the identification of synonymous (quasi-synonymous), antonymic, (hypo) hyperonymic, or genus-species relationships, as well as the incompatibility relations of this concept. The study is based on the materials of the explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian and English languages; illustrative material was taken from the National Corpus of the Russian language and the British National Corpus. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the paradigmatic explication of the content of the concept summer most clearly actualizes only one of the four previously identified cognitive features of the concept, namely the sign ‘time of year, season’.

527-531

Authors: Tursunova M.

This article compares three prominent villains — Macbeth, Brutus, and Iago in three famous tragedies: Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and Othello by William Shakespeare according to the terms of intelligence and devilry. These two main aspects are considered for the analysis to find the main similarities and differences and categorize their villainy on the basis of devilry.

536-541

Authors: Eltuzerova G.

The article is devoted to the actual problems of the modern Kyrgyz language. The main object of the research is the study of the semantics of symbolic gestures and the facial expressions of a literary text in the linguistic aspect. The semantics of symbolic gestures and facial expressions in the literary text in the transmission of information is analyzed on the basis of the example of an excerpt of the texts of the Broken Sword novel by T. Kasymbekov. The results of the study based on the interpretation of symbolic national facial expressions and gestures in the linguistic aspect.

562-569

Authors: Mukhamedova Sh.

The article considers the Holocaust reflection in world literature and popular authors as the best painters of the Holocaust repressions. Naturally, the Holocaust is a trauma which cannot ever be restored, a gap that cannot be bridged. Down to the present day, this remains an important topic for discussion. Despite the overwhelming persecution and death that surrounded the Jewish nation, hundreds of thousands of Jews survived the nightmare of the Holocaust. In order to integrate the past in their lives, survivors want to testify and/or write down their experiences. These stories of survival provide the only glimpse of ‘goodness’ that comes from the terrible story of the Holocaust. It proves that, even in history’s darkest hour, there was a glimmer of hope; that in a world that seemed to be falling apart, good still had the capacity to overcome evil. All stories written on the destiny and sufferings of the Jewish nation are worth analysis. However, we took only those which are in the form of confession. The chosen novels can be classified by the types of the central heroes and heroes have been divided into subgroups according to their age, nation, and, of course, the gender. The article aims to reaffirm the importance of the novels by using three literary approaches — historical, biographical, and social. The biographical approach is taken for the analysis to identify the link between the work and the authors, who build a story on the basis of their own memories and real-life experience. Furthermore, the socio-historical problems highlighted in the novels are very relevant, since they still exist in modern societies in one or another form. The article reflects how even one novel encompasses morality, dignity, humanity issues and at the same time reveals the author’s position related to the indifference of the world regarding cruelty and evading responsibility for anti-human crimes along with how to avoid them in the near future.

576-580

Authors: Gulyamova, O.

The article discusses some aspects of the methods for translating phraseological and metaphorical combinations and idioms from English into Russian and Uzbek. In particular, the question arises of the equivalent reproduction of the semantics of figurative phraseological units, the question of choice depending on the context conditions is the possibility of preference for the image existing in the language of translation due to the loss of a national–ethnic component, or, on the contrary, refusal to use phraseological units of the translated language due to differences in emotionally stylistic characteristic.