Bulletin of Science and Practice

10-19

Authors: Krylenko M., Krylenko V.

The results of adaptation of the methodology for high-precision surveying of the ground relief using UAVs for conditions of the marine coastal cliff are given in this work. Analysis of the obtained digital images and create digital elevation models showed that this type of survey is optimal for the considered natural object but has a number of limitations. Low cost and speed of data acquisition are the advantages of the method. The processing complexity and interpreting data in the presence of dense vegetation cover and near the coastline are disadvantages of the method.

42-46

Authors: Mammadova M.

The Zayamchay basin is selected by its complex structure, various climatic conditions, rich vegetation, and soil–rich rocks. This variation of soil-forming factors has led to the formation of various forms of soil cover structure within the basin. Therefore, the study of land and its space manifestation — the soil cover structure, detail mapping, evaluation, and optimization — both scientifically–theoretical and practical. The Zeyamchay basin, which is located on the northwestern slope of the Lesser Caucasus, is the object of the research. The Zeyamchay basin is selected by its complex relief structure, various climatic conditions, rich vegetation, and soil–rich rocks. The area of the basin is 94200 hectares. The basin covers part of Tovuz, Shamkir, and Gadabay districts from the administrative point of view. These kinds of soil-forming factors have led to the formation of different forms of soil cover structure within the basin. During the research, empirical information is collected from cartographic, soil research, aerospace, landscape and geomorphological methods, and so on were used.

55-59

Authors: Saryeva, G.

This article contains the results of a comparative analysis of floras of the Ganykh–Airichai valley and Ilisu nature reserve. The number of taxa forming the modern flora of the valley and the reserve is 959 and 857, respectively. The coefficient of floristic similarity of the two territories for genera is 31.7%, for species 16.6%.

67-110

Authors: Romanchuk P.

The main modern tools and techniques of epigenetic, dietary, and biomicroscopic protection of healthy aging have been studied. Artificial intelligence, brain-microbiota neural networks allow us to control the interaction of genetic and epigenetic programs of aging and healthy longevity. The new managed healthy microbiota and personalized functional and balanced nutrition of ‘brain and microbiota’ is a long-term medical program of the patient, which allows the combined application of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacogenetics, and the main thing to carry out prevention of polypragmasia. Multimodal tools, biotyping, neural and brain chips, next-generation (new) sequencing technologies create biomarkers to manage the structure of healthy microbiota and functional nutrition, depending on the targets achieved. A functional food product using biomarkers and artificial intelligence technologies is a target breeding ground for both the body in general and microbiota in particular. Chronomedical technologies are mathematical models and artificial intelligence that predict human biological age using DNA methylation data, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling, and microRNA, and are the most accurate biomarkers of the aging process. Epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, ncRNAs) are interconnected and form an ‘epigenetic network’. Lifestyle factors and environmental exposures leave epigenetic marks on our DNA that impact gene expression; some have protective effects while others are harmful. Genetic and epigenetic factors that ensure longevity and super-longevity require a reasonable new human interaction with nature and society, and responsibility for future healthy generations.

118-121

Authors: Labzina M., Labzina L., Nechaikin A., Vakhlyaeva V., Kozhurin T., Eremkina E.

The work is devoted to the actual problem of medicine — cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The authors found that a group of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a patient of working age, and early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can prevent the development of invasive cancer, considered as one of the main causes of disability and female mortality. In gynecological practice, the most accessible and informative method for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosing is colposcopy.

132-136

Authors: Koichubekov, A., Sabyraliev, M., & Sulaimanov, Zh.

Spinal pathology is one of the leading places among diseases of the motor system. Back pain between the ages of 20 and 50 affects up to 98% of the population. One of the main causes for its occurrence is degenerative changes in the herniated discs. Degenerative disorders of the spine occupy the first place (46.7%) among the causes of primary disability. In 25 cases, pain in the lower extremities completely disappeared in the first days after the operation, and in 18 they significantly decreased (on average from 6.2 to 1.5 on VAS score). Two to three years after surgery, the clinical results of treatment in 41 (79%) patients were rated as good, in 11 (21%) — as satisfactory. There were no unsatisfactory results.

143-150

Authors: Mamedova S.

Ecological monitoring of soil fertility in the Lenkoranchay basin shows that the fertility factor is decreasing both on watershed and transit soils, and on accumulative soils of the ecological region. However, soil fertility indicators in this ecological region were lower than in previous ones. This is because scrubber materials delivered through Lenkoranchay are partially collected on the soils of an accumulative ecological region.

158-165

Authors: Babaev V.

Over the past 50–60 years, the proportion of vegetable crops in the diet of people has increased, and an increase in demand has led to an increase in production. Thus, China accounts for 31% of the 170 million tons of tomatoes produced in the world, 11.2% in India, 8.8% in the USA, and 6.9% in Turkey. In Azerbaijan, this figure is 465 thousand tons. The widespread use and use of fertilizers and other pesticides in vegetable production pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Research shows that the quality indicators of vegetable products often do not meet international standards and medical norms. One of the main reasons for this is the excess of nitrates in the product. Overusing of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as pollution of ground and surface water sources, atmospheric nitrogen compounds also accumulates large amounts of nitrate in fruit and vegetable and feed crops (and therefore dairy products). Nitrate (NO3) is one of the most common compounds in nitrogen in nature. They are always present in the soil and play an important role in plant nutrition. Part of the nitrogen and other fertilizers supplied to the soil is washed with rain and irrigation water and accumulated in ponds and water sources, mixed with river salts and poured into the sea. On average, 200,000 people die each year from the effects of these poisons on the human body. Thus, the growth of fatal diseases and environmental pollution has led to an increase in the number of countries that are currently engaged in environmentally friendly (organic) production (181 countries). The natural conditions of Azerbaijan provide great opportunities for expanding the production of vegetables in the country. However, given the viability and historical importance of the transition to organic vegetable growing in the country, the solution to this problem depends on the state approach.

170-181

Authors: Berketova L., Iginova R.

The organization of passenger service for air transport consists not only in the transportation of passengers to their destination but also in the provision of various types of food, which can include hot meals according to the free choice menu or complete rations on board the aircraft, desserts, drinks. The range of dishes depends on the budget of the airline, season, flight duration, class of service, departure time, principles of healthy eating, national characteristics, specific tastes, and age of the passenger. In this paper, the menu of the company Aeroflot — Russian Airlines is considered. Food in Aeroflot airplanes is divided into two cycles. Depending on the direction and duration of the flight, a choice of two dishes is provided: cold or hot breakfast, hot or cold lunch, snacks, and drinks. The menu of this airline is updated every six weeks. Economy class menu: depending on the direction, departure time, and duration of the flight, it contains breakfast, lunch, or snacks. A selection of hot and cold drinks is also provided depending on the duration and direction of the flight. Flights lasting up to 3 hours of flight offer passengers breakfast or lunch or dinner, soft and hot drinks. On flights lasting from 3 to 6 hours of flight, the menu includes appetizer, main course, dessert, soft and hot drinks. There is also the option of ordering special meals in the Economy class on flights over 3 hours. On flights over 12 hours of flight to Los Angeles, Miami, Havana, passengers will be offered an additional diet — a sandwich and fruits. The Comfort class menu offers passengers a welcome drink and a menu card is provided. During the flight in the Comfort class, two meals are provided for flights lasting more than 6 hours. The menu of this class is presented for 14 directions (from Moscow to Bangkok, Phuket, Beijing, Hong Kong, Dubai, Los Angeles, New York, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Petropavlovsk–Kamchatsky, Seoul, Shanghai, Tel Aviv, Yuzhno–Sakhalinsk, and back). The paper presents a menu with the calculation of nutritional value and calorie content.

193-202

Authors: Jumayev A.

We empirically test the relationship between tourism performance and multiple tourism dimensions, namely, tourism Attractions (A), Basics (B), and Context (C). We test the Tourism A–B–C model using data from regions of Uzbekistan. The results serve to state out major trends, which focus on further research on this topic globally, and also they might be useful in diversifying interventions to improve the impacts in the tourism industry advancement.

212-218

Authors: Erlygina E., Filimonova V.

The modern market is characterized by changes in the relationship between companies and customers. Today, customer relationships are an orderly system process that needs to be monitored and managed. In the context of complex sales in highly competitive markets, the use of automated systems will provide organizations with increased competitiveness. Automated CRM software can become a solution for implementing a personalized marketing strategy, which will allow you to more effectively manage business processes that occur within the framework of interaction between employees and customers.

226-229

Authors: Prokopenkova A., Smirnov V.

The article discusses the concept of Internet marketing and its main advantages. Also presented is the concept of promoting the Sony project on the Baby blog site and the cost of developing and implementing this project. Based on the cost of the developed special project, it was proposed to sell projects for no less than the price to increase the company’s revenue.

235-240

Authors: Filimonova V.

Currently, in order to effectively conduct business and improve the company’s competitiveness, it is necessary to constantly improve the efficiency of management activities, monitor and analyze all stages of business. The use of specialized CRM software will allow companies to improve the efficiency of customer relationship management and quickly solve current problems.

249-252

Authors: Vasilenko A.

This article discusses legal issues that arise in connection with the lease of an enterprise as a property complex. Also investigated are the problematic aspects related to the protection of the rights of creditors and the protection of the labor rights of employees of the enterprise, which are not regulated by the current civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

258-262

Authors: Savvateeva V.

The article examines various points of view on spiritual freedom, as well as analyzes the causes of the crisis of human spiritual freedom in modern times. The role of spiritual freedom for a person is noted, as well as ways of gaining spiritual freedom.

268-272

Authors: Lomakina E., Petrov A., Glinshchikova T.

Russian scientists attach great importance to one of the fundamental principles of private international law – the principle of the closest connection. The concept of the closest connection was developed in England on the basis of case law, the rules of which were created by judges in court decisions on specific cases. The legislator has included the principle of closest connection to the civil code, however, in light of the changes it made in the reforms of 2013, the closest connection principle was assigned a secondary role in relation to the principle of characteristic performance. The main purpose of the principle of the closest connection is to find the law and order that can most effectively regulate cross-border relations. The court will have to determine the will of the parties to the contractual relationship, aimed at choosing the right. Therefore, a close relationship is established based on the court’s assumption of what right the parties would have chosen if they had considered this issue. The principle of the closest connection, in connection with this approach, often loses its independent significance. Article 1187 of the civil code of the Russian Federation does not specify the conditions of its application, as well as the scope of its action. For this reason, the category of the closest relationship is universal and applies regardless of the nature of the cross-border civil relationship. Russian legislation does not have clear criteria for determining the closest relationship, which may lead to a subjective decision by the court. In this regard, the study of problems related to the application of the principle of the closest connection in judicial practice is undoubtedly relevant.

280-292

Authors: Adykulov A.

The article shows the peculiarities of the unconscious sphere and their importance in the formation of the spiritual sphere of the personality of adolescent and teenage years on the basis of instinct, archetypes, and unconscious attitudes. The problem of instincts must be approached from the perspective of methodology, understanding it as a mental, unconscious phenomenon. The psychological side is currently central and important for youngsters and teenagers. Fantasies, images, desires, inducements, which can be based on archetypes and unconscious mindsets, play a special role in the formation of the spiritual sphere of the personality in adolescent and teenage years. The sexual instinct of teenagers should be treated as an unconscious phenomenon with enormous potential. The factor of ‘humanizing’ instincts in general and sexual instinct in particular, is the formation of personality archetypes, which include fantasies, images, desires, inducements of teenagers and their connection with the archetype, as a psychological determinant being the main function. In adolescence and youth, mental energy sublimates. Psychological determinants of the unconscious sphere at teenage and junior age can cause imagination, creativity, to define it as a subject in a social situation of development, identification of the personality, to assist the formation of personal qualities, interaction in a group of people and the ability to achieve goals. In prepubescent years and adolescent age there is apparently a desire for freedom, an effort to find meaning, creative activity, a desire for integrity, love, value, an appeal to and unity with the spiritual, higher divine world, which are manifested as signs of the archetype ‘selfhood’.

297-301

Authors: Wahedi N.

This paper looks briefly at the preconditions that gradually formed communicative language teaching (CLT) as a response to the growing demand and needs of non-native learners of English in many different contexts of learning, then draws a parallel between existing conventional methods of language teaching and novel insights presented by CLT. The constituent parts of Communicative competence are introduced. The negotiation of meaning is considered as the most essential function of the target language that learners are capable to master which allows them to maintain flexibility in a deliberate speech despite the gaps in their language proficiency. Besides, the article discusses the current limitations of CLT bound to several factors such as the lack of language proficiency, rigid curricula, and teachers’ misconceptions of CLT.

310-314

Authors: Abdiev K.

The article analyzes the nature of speech exercises used in translation classes. The discipline Translation Work, which is included in the curriculum for teaching students in the areas of Philological Education, Linguistics, has an established tradition and teaching methodology. But the teaching methodology today requires new approaches and a new understanding in terms of the formation of translation skills and competencies. The problem of translation is relevant today in the context of the introduction of multilingual education, as certain conditions for the use of translation exercises require their justification in terms of the formation of students with certain competencies. Each language, reflecting the national form of manifestation of life, involves the assimilation of other elements of linguoculturology, including ethnopsychology and mentality. It is these features that should be reflected in assignments and translation exercises. A special place among exercises is occupied by exercises aimed at finding ways to convey the meanings of phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings, as well as lexical units that reflect the national mentality. Performing such exercises requires students to know the semantics of phraseological units and the appropriateness of selecting equivalents. It should be noted that students' ignorance of the meaning of individual phraseological units leads them to difficulties in the selection of words for literal translation.

321-324

Authors: Turopova M.

This article analyzes the demographic situation in the southern regions of Uzbekistan in the early XX century, the history of migration processes, the sources and factors of natural population growth. There is also a scientific analysis of the territorial location, national composition, lifestyle of the rural population.

329-333

Authors: Zhumashova G., Arstanov S.

As for the construction of the Tash-Kumyr semiconductor materials plant, the best mining and metallurgical plant were associated with this plant. Semiconductor materials were used for the development of radio engineering and electrical production, and the construction of this plant in this area was one of the most important priorities of the city’s development. In the USSR, the production of semiconductor materials is not very developed. The Soviet government imported a large portion of semiconductor materials from the United States.

341-346

Authors: Akynbekova A.

In Kyrgyz linguistics, texts and translations of written monuments have been studied and studied by language commentaries. However, despite the fact that some opinions have been expressed in Kyrgyz linguistics about the Chagatai language used by the Kyrgyz during the XVII-XIX centuries and about the works written at that time, there are still almost no research works. To this end, this article, based on the works of Russian and foreign scientists, on the basis of comparative-historical method, studied word-forming suffixes that produce nominal parts of speech from verbs (noun, adjective, numeral and pronoun), Chagatai and modern Kyrgyz language. In it, specific examples indicate the units of their functions. As a result, according to the facts given in the article, over time, the word-forming suffixes of the Chagatai language were subject only to phonetic changes, while most suffixes are still stable. This is due to the fact that the forms that make up the grammar system in comparison with the vocabulary that makes up the dictionary system of the language remain unchanged for a long time. Therefore, conclusions were made about the need to study the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language on the basis of historical linguistic facts, as a special object of research on the issues of proximity, kinship with the Chagatai language. After all, under the conditions of sovereignty, we must thoroughly study the nature of our writing, which in our history has not yet been paid attention to, which has remained out of our field of vision and has not been studied in accordance with the requirements of the time. Research in this direction can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the real links between the present and the past of the language and culture of the Kyrgyz people, the restoration of its unique, unique customs and attitudes.

356-361

Authors: Antipina A.

The article uses the model of classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical rationality. Post-non-classics is defined from the perspective of increasing the dependence of the object of Science on its method; the paper also analyzes the subjectivity of a new type in the modern theory of knowledge. On the basis of the undertaken analysis, the conclusion is made about the adequacy of the phenomenological sociology of a new type of paradigmality — both its General worldview principles and transformations of the social theory itself. Thus, it is shown that phenomenological sociology makes a significant contribution to overcoming the extremes of mentalism and behaviorism in the explanation of human actions by social theory; from the point of view of the General ideological orientation, phenomenology outlines a new vector of relations between natural science and humanitarian knowledge.