Bulletin of Science and Practice

12-19

Authors: Doluda V., Lakina N., Brovko R.

Decrease of traditional hydrocarbon feedstock stimulates a widespread interest in the development of hydrocarbons synthesis from renewable or low-value sources. The catalytic transformation of methanol into hydrocarbons, along with the Fischer–Tropsch process, can be considered as a possible way to obtain synthetic hydrocarbons. At the same time, the activity and stability of the catalysts have a decisive influence on the efficiency of the whole process. Zeolites and zeotypes of various structures traditionally used as catalysts are characterized by low rates of hydrocarbon accumulation and a short period of functioning, which requires a change in their structural characteristics or the synthesis of new systems. The aim of this work is to obtain iron-modified H-ZSM-5 type zeolites in order to increase the rate of liquid hydrocarbons accumulation and increase the lifetime of the catalyst. To achieve this goal zeolite was modified with iron, the main physicochemical characteristics of the obtained catalysts were determined and the catalytic properties were screened. Modification of zeolites by iron was carried out by the ion exchange method, as a result, samples with an iron content of 0.004 wt.% to 0.240 wt.% were synthesized. In this case, the decrease in the micropores surfaces from 280 m2/g to 190 m2/g and a decrease in the number of acid sites from 1.08 mmol/g to 0.72 mmol/g was noticed. Modification of zeolite with an iron of concentration up to 0.008 wt. % contributed to an increase in transformation rate of dimethyl ether from 0.04 to 0.06 kg (DME)/(kg (Cat)h) and decreased to 0.03 kg (DME)/(kg (Cat) h) during further increasing of iron content, however process selectivity to liquid hydrocarbons increase from 30% to 54%. Modification of zeolite with iron contributes to a significant change in hydrocarbon composition. With an increase in the iron concentration from 0.004 wt.% to 0.017 wt.%, the increase in the concentration of propane, butane and aliphatic hydrocarbons with the number of carbon atoms of six or more was noticed along with a decrease in the concentration of aromatic compounds.

26-36

Authors: Lugovoy Yu., Antonov N., Chalov K., Stepacheva A., Kosivtsov Yu., Sulman E., Sulman M.

Describes the processes of thermal conversion of soft– and hardwood waste to obtain gaseous, liquid and solid products. During the initial stage of the work, the thermogravimetric study of initial samples of birch and pine sawdust was performed in the temperature range from 35 to 1000 °C. On the basis of the thermal analysis data obtained, a method of pyrolysis process of wood waste in the temperature range of 400–500 °C in an inert environment was developed. As a result of experiments on pyrolysis of wood waste, the dependence of the conversion of selected samples into final products, the properties of the resulting gaseous and solid carbon-containing products depending on the conditions of the process, the size of the fraction and the type of wood were obtained. It was found that the optimal temperature of the pyrolysis process in the studied range of system parameters is 450 °C, and the particle size of wood waste is 1–2 mm. Data on the molecular mass distribution of volatile pyrolysis products and kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process were obtained. The activation energies of the pyrolysis process for pine and birch sawdust samples were 119.3 and 128.2, respectively. The specific surface area of the initial samples of birch and pine wood waste was 9.3 and 8.5 m2/g, respectively. The specific surface area of coal pyrolysis residues for hardwoods increased by 2.4 times and for conifers by 2.1 times, respectively, and assumed values of 22.3 and 17.9 m2/g. Therefore, the coal residues of pyrolysis of wood waste can potentially be used as raw materials for the production of activated carbons and carbon sorbents of various applications.

47-53

Authors: Nikoshvili L., Bertova A., Sulman E., Kiwi-Minsker L.

This paper is devoted to the prospects for the use of hyper-crosslinked polystyrene as a support for the development of catalysts for selective hydrogenation of alkyls for synthesis of fragrant substances and fat-soluble vitamins E and K. Various types of hyper-crosslinked polystyrene, characterized by different porosity, were used for the synthesis of palladium catalysts by wet-impregnation of polymers with palladium acetate. It was shown that in the case of C5 alkynol, the pore structure of the polymers does not significantly affect the observed catalytic activity, whereas, for C10 and C20 alkynyl, mesoporous polymers are preferable for use as supports.

61-68

Authors: Usarova S., Sativaldiev A.

A comparative analysis of the methods for producing aluminium oxide nanopowders is presented and the products of electro spark erosion of aluminium in an aqueous medium are identified. Based on the data on the broadening of diffraction reflections, calculations were performed to estimate the sizes of the coherent scattering regions (CSRs) of alumina particles obtained by heat treatment of the product of electric spark dispersion of aluminium in water. In conclusion, it is concluded that the product of heat treatment of the main product of electro spark dispersion of aluminium in water is γ-Al2O3 nano dispersed aluminium oxide.

79-88

Authors: Ilinykh G., Sliusar N.

For recycling of increasing volumes of waste of composites, in particular, carbon plastics, it is necessary to develop technologies for the extraction and application of recycled carbon fibre. At the same time, there is a scientific and practical task to choose such conditions of fibre extraction which will allow keeping desirable values of its physical and chemical characteristics as high as possible and comparable with primary fibre. This paper presents an analysis of the factors affecting the properties of secondary carbon fibre and materials obtained with its use throughout its life cycle.

98-110

Authors: Vasileva Yu., Sboeva Ya., Chertov N., Zhulanov A.

Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of two types of microsatellite markers (ISSR and SSR), the state of gene pools of the fifteen of Siberian larch populations from three regions of the Urals: Northern, Middle and Southern was estimated. The parameters of genetic diversity were revealed, its structure was established at the intrapopulation level. To assess the uniqueness of the gene pool, we used the coefficient of genetic originality (KGO), the analysis of which revealed populations with typical and region-specific gene pools. It was established that the studied samples are generally characterized by a high level of genetic diversity. It was found that the gene pools of samples from the South Urals are characterized by the greatest specificity, the lowest values of KGO, i. e. more typical gene pools, are noted in the North Urals samples of L. sibirica, the average values of KGO are from the samples of the Middle Urals. Also, 3 unique alleles were found in the ZIL, BND, and KCH samples, in the rest, no unique markers were detected. For a comprehensive assessment of the state of the gene pools of populations, all established indicators of genetic diversity have been transferred to the scale for assessing the status of gene pools developed on the example of the studied L. sibirica populations. Based on data on genetic diversity obtained using two types of molecular markers, it was found that the gene pools of ten studied L. sibirica populations are in satisfactory condition, and five have signs of gene pool degradation. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are made on the conservation of L. sibirica genetic resources in the Urals.

118-128

Authors: Tilles V., Poberezhnyi A., Samoilov V.

Based on the analysis of open data from government reports and Rosstat data, a significant increase in the number of radiation accidents in the territory of the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra was established, namely, 9 times in 2015–2017. It is noted that annually the maximum radiation doses close to the maximum are received by loggers of oil–producing organizations, and the use of ionizing radiation sources in logging operations is steadily increasing. Recommendations on improving radiation monitoring, as well as clarification in the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, are offered.

156-162

Authors: Sabyraliev M.

Surgical treatment of patients with spinal injuries, accompanied by traumatic stenosis of the spinal canal, is an urgent and discussed problem of modern vertebrology. Surgical treatment of 111 patients with various injuries of the thoracolumbar spine was performed. In 40 patients, post-traumatic stenosis was eliminated using ligamentotaxis using transpedicular osteosynthesis. The immediate results of treatment were followed up in all patients: good results were obtained in 33 (82.5%) cases; satisfactory — in 6 (15.0%), unsatisfactory — in 1 (2.5%). Long-term results with a follow-up of more than 1 year were followed up in 27 (67.5%) patients; good results were obtained in 20 (74.0%), satisfactory in 7 (25.0%).

171-176

Authors: Kolyado I., Plugin S., Shoikhet Ya.

As a result of space–rocket activity, a part of the territory of Altai Krai has been subjected to its negative effects for many years. With the support of the State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS, there have been regular medical check-ups of the residents in the areas bordering the drop zones for separating parts of launch vehicles. The researches of the Scientific Research Institute of Regional Medical–Ecological Problems have developed a unique examination technique. The present work contains the results of a field medical examination of the residents of the said areas as well as the residents of the control area. Extensive and intensive indices of the prevalence of diseases have been obtained. Comparative analysis of the findings has been carried out. The most significant pathology has been detected in the main group and in control. The prevalence of pathology in males and females differs. The general prevalence of the pathology and the prevalence of most classes in the test group is higher than in control. The significance of certain classes of pathology differs in the test group and in control

182-190

Authors: Epifantsev V., Osipov Ya., Vaitekhovich Yu.

The article considers the need for the use of minimum technologies for growing soybeans in the Amur region, which is due to saving resources, increasing productivity and product quality, preserving and improving fertility, and preventing soil erosion. Possibility of application of the minimum technologies–correspondence of need of culture to soil and climatic conditions, machines and mechanisms to the sizes of fields and their relief, availability of the enterprises, material base and manpower. For soybean cultivation in the Amur region, minimum technologies in the recommended volume and sequence of technological operations are not applicable, but for other regions they are applicable. For their adaptation in the field, it is necessary to combine different elements of the analyzed technologies.

197-206

Authors: Babaeva A., Guseinov A.

Shown are the stages of obtaining images of individual fields, regions and districts using satellites with a certain cyclicity. The possibility of obtaining information on the state of the land, including crop identification, determining the sown area of crops and the state of the crop, is being considered. In conclusion, it is concluded that phytopathological control using filming means is more effective since it becomes possible to get the most complete picture of the boundaries of the spread of the disease. This greatly simplifies the planning process and the organization of work to save the crop. It will also allow preserving tens of thousands of hectares of highly productive land in agricultural circulation

214-218

Authors: Vlasevskaya E., Mukhametshin I.

The results of studies of the best samples in the breeding nursery of the environmental test of 2018 are presented. Samples were obtained in the process of selection for a complex of biological and economically valuable traits that meet the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. The purpose of the research in 2018 is to create promising varieties of potatoes according to a complex of biological and economically valuable traits. Research conducted according to methods: Research methodology for potato culture, Methodological guidelines for technology of potato breeding. In the framework of agreements on joint scientific activity, hybrid combinations (single-tuber) were selected, bred by leading institutes of potato growing: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Potato Economy. Lorch, Falensky selection station, Ural Agricultural Research Institute. According to the results of 2018 studies in field breeding nurseries, including hybrid single-tuber combinations (42 combinations, 2453 tubers), 15 lines, 35 hybrids, 64 numbers, 13 promising numbers and 3 varieties of potatoes were studied. In the ecological experiment nursery, there were 16 numbers on the study, including the number 13–06–7 — the Tyuragai variety and 10–06–2 — the Zarni variety of the joint selection of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture and the Falensky selection station (2016), 0–8–38 — a new variety Parus of joint selection of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture and the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture (2018). Promising samples showed a yield of 34.9–38.7 t/ha, Tyuragai varieties (13–06–7) with a potato tuber yield of 35.8 t/ha and Zarni (10–06–2) with a potato tuber yield of 40.5 t/ha confirmed their suitability for cultivation in the region’s climatic conditions. The new Variety Parus (0–8–38) with a yield of 38.1 t/ha has established itself as a stable variety with high yields.

223-229

Authors: Vagabov E.

The geographical position, geomorphological and soil–climate condition of the Lankaran province was analyzed in the presented article. Application of intensive technologies and ecological fertility model of soils was worked out by the intensive technologies application.

236-241

Authors: Eremenko K., Kazakovtseva D., Gudoshnik E., Orlov A.

The article discusses the features of the application of the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing process. The dangers and risks of this process are identified

246-256

Authors: Kaznin A.

This article discusses the problems of collecting software requirements. The existing computer vision technologies are analyzed and the choice of technology for recognizing handwritten and printed text is justified. The input data for the experiments are described and the results of character recognition for each image category are presented. A method of image preprocessing and recognition of text characters on mobile devices using parallel computing has been developed. On the basis of the proposed method, a prototype mobile application for collecting and digitalizing data obtained during the requirements engineering has been developed.

265-280

Authors: Khubaev G.

An original technique is proposed to reduce the likelihood of errors when choosing priority areas of the country’s social and economic development. Examples of the methodology implementation using the created methods and computer programs are given.

292-297

Authors: Belyaev S.

The purpose of this article is to consider a bank loan as a source of financing for investment projects. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the structure of investments in fixed assets in the Russian Federation by sources of financing was investigated; the forms of bank financing of investment projects are characterized, types of project financing are identified depending on the distribution of risks between the bank and the borrower. During the study, the following methods were used: a review of literary sources, comparison and grouping.

305-311

Authors: Ashurov M., Shakirova Yu., Turdibekov O.

The article discusses some issues of the formation of a multi-structure economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The authors performed an analysis of the processes of privatization and privatization in the country. The general tendencies of privatization by stages and results are revealed and generalized. The characteristic features of the stages of denationalization are studied. The formation of the private sector and on the basis of this form of joint-stock companies. The need for improving the mechanism of corporate governance in a modern corporation is highlighted.

316-323

Authors: Karimov N.

This article reveals the development of foreign economic activity in Uzbekistan, international relations and the audit process of import operations. It also sets out the legal basis for regulating foreign trade transactions carried out on the basis of international law and the terms of the foreign trade contract of sale. Foreign trade operations have also been studied, which have significant features due to legal regulation, the composition of foreign economic transactions, the procedure for fulfilling obligations under contracts and the system of applied calculations, which imposes additional requirements for accounting, analysis and audit.

329-335

Authors: Bakieva I., Temirov F.

The article considers the prospects for the development of transport services in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the theoretical basis for accounting for income and expenses at enterprises. As well as the transport system and the prospects for its development, the role of road transport in the transport system of the republic, the objective need to account for income and expenses at enterprises, the reflection of income and expenses in the accounting policy of the enterprise.

341-347

Authors: Ablyatipova N., Kirova D.

The article provides a comparison and the possibility of applying, by analogy, a surrogate motherhood agreement with other named agreements focuses on the essential terms of the surrogate motherhood agreement, also considers other conditions that the agreement possesses, raises the question of whether it is necessary at the legislative level to adopt a special act or norm for settlement issues for the enforcement of the contract.

356-360

Authors: Abrarova Z., Mayatskaya O., Kovrov V.

The article analyzes the multilevel information system of advertising, it is noted that it is divided into different directions according to the nature of the tasks into various areas of human activity from political, social and commercial to individual and personal. It is proved that today in the modern world advertising is an important social institution that performs significant functions in society and influences the choice of values, norms, the behavior of individuals, forms traditions, especially among the younger generation.

372-382

Authors: Adykulov A.

The article presents the psychological values of the archetypes of the personality of K. G. Jung. Based on experimental data, the role of archetypes of the personality of Person, Ego and ‘Self’ in the formation of personality’s individuality is shown. At the high school age of 13, the archetype Person dominates over archetype Ego and over other personality’s archetypes. An inverse relationship has been found when, at low indicators of ego, high indicators of the Person scale are demonstrated. With the increasing influence of a person, expressing collective unconscious, the leading role of the archetype ego is weakening. In adolescence, differences in the formation of archetypes of personality Person”, Ego and ‘Self’ are found. Provision of L. S. Vygotsky is confirmed, stating that mental functions initially are developed in the collective in the form of relations of children, and then become mental functions of the personality. At the age of 17 years, awareness of one’s Self (Ego) and the archetype of Ego is intensively formed. However, they come to this through the formation of the archetype of a person in adolescence and youth. Along with the archetype Ego, the value of the ‘Self’ archetype is increasing. The peak value of the ‘Self’ archetype in adolescence occurs at 20–21 years. Boys and girls begin to become aware of their Ego, to show their individuality under the influence of the ‘Self’ archetype.

387-392

Authors: Shakeeva Ch., Cholponkulova N.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of self-esteem of students of Kyrgyzstan during the crisis period for the country in order to study its impact on the social activity of youth. The work presents the results of an empirical study, which suggests that the increase in protest and aggressive social activity of students in the crisis and post-crisis period for Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011) was provoked by both external situational factors and the characteristics of self-esteem, as well as internal psychological characteristics youth.

397-400

Authors: Mahkamova M.

The article discusses the most important problems of improving the training system for educators of pre-school educational institutions and also deals with the problems of formation of their professional mobility. Also, the article presents the analysis of advanced training courses in the aspect of the modernization of pre-school education.

411-419

Authors: Muratalieva M.

Criteria approach contributes to the implementation of diagnostic, research, monitoring, formative, analytical and other functions of assessing the effectiveness of pedagogical phenomena and components of the pedagogical process. The idea of the study is to develop scientific and pedagogical foundations — the main provisions that scientifically and methodically detail the processes of organization and formation of general professional competencies of a future history teacher. The article says that the learning process is traditional, characterized by the widely used lecture-seminar form of training when the material is presented by the lecturer to students, and then fixed in the seminar–practical classes, despite the variety of different types of lectures: introductory, problem, overview, etc. , nevertheless, the main drawback is the active position of the lecturer in the form of a monologue and the passive position of the student, who is not fully included in the learning process. The least effective form of training is a lecture because the student simply listens and is able to remember only 10% of everything he has heard, but the most effective form of training, in our opinion, is group interaction of students, during which students interact, analyze, develop, discuss, evaluate, argue, which allows them to learn 90% new material. As part of the experimental and pedagogical work of the study, professional–basic and professional–profile types of practices were visited in order to identify student’s understanding of the essence of the content of the lessons, the essence of understanding its structure, the correct use of didactic principles, and school teachers were observed and questioned. In relation to our subject of research, the criteria-based approach allowed us to formulate a development strategy for the formation of general professional competencies, to assess the correspondence between the goals set and the results obtained, to optimize the processes that contribute to the effective formation of general professional competencies of future teachers.

431-436

Authors: Turganbaev B., Sagymbaeva G., Zhoroev A.

Discusses the pedagogical methods of teaching the discipline Technology of sewing products for the specialities‘ Design, modelling and technology of sewing products’, as well as the connection and problems of the teaching methodology of the lesson Technology from the school bench. The data from practical experience are used and the analysis of publications is made. In conclusion, it was concluded that it is necessary to determine the specifics of student’s creativity and their age-specific features.

442-449

Authors: Khalilova T.

The article provides an example of the integration of antonyms, synonyms, homonyms in the Kyrgyz language. The novel The White Steamboat is analyzed. It has been established that many topics in Kyrgyz literature coincide with those of the Kyrgyz language and can be integrated. Any topic in the Kyrgyz language can be carried out by linking them to topics in Kyrgyz literature. If you teach students, comprehensively educating and guiding them into the future, through the integration of works of art, there will be an opportunity not only to interest students in learning, but also the possibility of education.

458-461

Authors: Mayatskaya O., Germanova V.

The article analyzes the spiritual and moral field of Orthodox culture and religion, comprehends the essence of love in Orthodoxy, the deep Orthodox roots of marriage and family relations, as well as the problems of modern youth, the influence of Orthodox values on its spiritual formation. It is proved that today more than ever become relevant: patience, mutual understanding, respect, sacrifice, correct hierarchy, getting rid of egocentrism, the unity of spouses, becoming ‘one flesh’ at the level of spirit, soul and body, the idea that following these principles makes it possible to build a really strong family relationships, regardless of the transformational processes that devalue the modern family.

473-482

Authors: Protasova O., Pirozhkova I.

The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient coverage in modern historical literature of a number of those aspects of the activities of the parties of democratic socialism, which relate to the nature of the interaction of these parties with the subject of their political interest and social concern — the working masses of the city and, in particular, the countryside. Perhaps this issue is not so large as to claim the title of ‘fundamental’ — it is not directly related to the ideological struggle in the party elites, but it does illustrate the work processes that were going on within the Narodnik parties at all levels — from theoretical leaders to activists of grassroots organizations. The Narodnik movement at the beginning of the twentieth century was represented by the parties of the Socialist Revolutionaries (an association — 1901–1902, organizational design — the end of 1905) and people’s socialists (the idea of creation — 1905, organizational design — 1906). It considers the mechanism by which the Narodnik parties at the beginning of the twentieth century determine their ‘target audience’ —the working population, which includes workers, the labouring peasantry, and the labour intelligentsia. The motivation for such a choice is revealed, its justice is evaluated. The basic communication methods of working with the working population used by neonarodniks in their socio-political practice are analyzed, and the attitude to this type of activity of the Bolsheviks, Socialist-Revolutionaries and people’s socialists is compared. The political–pragmatic and human attitude of neo-Narodniks to the ‘working people’ as an object of ideological influence is shown, the measures carried out by the Narodnik parties for the purpose of civic education, the development of legal consciousness and human dignity of the poorest working people of Russia are analyzed.

488-499

Authors: Kuzina N.

Created as a part of a large project ‘Images of Egyptian history and culture in the Russian literature of 19–20th centuries, this paper presents the structural semiotic analysis of D. S. Merezhkovsky’s fundamental book ‘The mystery of the three: Egypt and Babylon’ (Prague, 1925). It is shown how in the time of collapse of religiosity in Russia the novelist attempts to collate several of the most powerful religious systems of antiquity. On the base of a word list by frequency, the book is analyzed in terms of its lexicon, semantic fields, main subjects, images and motifs. Sub-division of the novel and major compositional features of the text are also discussed.

516-522

Authors: Turdieva Kh.

In this article politeness formula of speech etiquette units in Persian and Uzbek will be analyzed. The tasks of the research are comparing, analyzing and summarizing of the two language’s polite speech units. The applied method of research has a theoretical and empiric character such as reviewing, analyzing, comparing and empiric observing method is used to conduct an observation over live and virtual mass-media, also daily life communications Positive and Negative face were defined. The question was studied linguistically, pragmatically and semantically.

531-535

Authors: Moresko A.

The focus of the research is on the ways of transferring the ideological component found in the semantics of euphemisms when translating from German into Russian. The analysis is concentrated on the language of Nazi Germany with euphemization being one of the prevalent lexical means of propaganda and manipulation. Euphemisms were used to create the new ideological concepts and to delude the recipients as well as to distance the transmitters from the actions implied. The article takes into view some of them and analyzes the ways in which Russian historical tradition interprets them. It points out, that calque translation and explication are those ways of achieving equivalence that tries at most fully convey the euphemistic connotations and their functions in ideology. The research also pays attention to the historical facts which led to the usage of euphemisms. Among the texts analyzed are the historic documents cited in German academic publications and their Russian translations. The results of the research can be applied in the further studies of the ideological aspects in the discourse, the theory of translation and in working on translations of historical literature.

542-546

Authors: Akynbekova A.

The Kyrgyz people on the way of its formation as a nation and historical and cultural development, as well as the peoples of the world used several types of writing. Among them there is some information about the use of Chagatai writing in the period from XVIII to XIX centuries. However, despite this, the lexical and grammatical questions of the Chagatai language used by the Kyrgyz in the language of written monuments of those times still remain open and was not investigated in Kyrgyz linguistics. Therefore, this article has been a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of the Chagatai language with the Kyrgyz language and investigated lexical generalizations, which were based on the works and a number of studies of Russian and other foreign researchers in this direction such as V. V. Radlov, N. I. Ilminsky, P. M. Melioransy, K. Brockelman, A. K. Borovkov, N. Samoilovich, N. Vamberi, Fuat Koprulu, G. F. Blagova, A. Sherbak. In particular, it is established that, such words in the Chagatai language as: ay, ayım, ayran, arpa, aş, at, balka, beşik, çay, çanak, çelek, kıska, kızıl, kıyın, kök, mol, aç, çıú, iç, kėç, kėt, аta, baba, аġa, ake, balduz, аtalık, jasaul, güynak, börk, biçak, kiyiz, bilau, arkan, kaymak, аş etc., denoting the concepts of noun, adjective, verb, related to ethics, kinship, family, food, clothing, with the old social structure, professions form a unity with the Kyrgyz language. In this regard, according to the results of the work, it was concluded that the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language on the basis of historical linguistic facts should become a special object of research on the issues of proximity, kinship with the Chagatai language. In order to more accurately study the history of our language, we must know the history of the language of our historical neighbors.