Bulletin of Science and Practice

18-25

Authors: Stepacheva A., Guseva P., Dozhdelev A.

Hydrofining of oxygen-containing compounds of bio-oil allows efficient use of the final product as a liquid fuel from biomass. Deoxygenation is considered to be one of the most perspective ways to modernize bio-oil. Generally, deoxygenation is carried out under fairly strict conditions in the presence of hydrogen in a medium of high-boiling hydrocarbons. This paper describes a new approach to deoxygenation of model compounds of bio-oil using supercritical liquids as a solvent and hydrogen donor. The possibility of using a complex solvent consisting of non-polar n-hexane with a low critical point (Tc = 234.5 °C, Pc = 3.02 MPa) and propanol-2 used as a hydrogen donor is evaluated. Experiments have shown that in the presence of 20 vol. % propanol-2 in n-hexane a maximum (99%) conversion of model bio-oil compounds with the formation of phenols with a yield of up to 95% is observed.

37-44

Authors: Markova M., Stepacheva A., Gavrilenko A., Petukhova I.

The search for new stable and active catalysts of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the key directions for the production of liquid fuels from alternative raw materials. Stabilization of the active phase is the main task in the development of catalysts for hydrogenation of CO into liquid fuels. This problem can be solved by choosing the optimal support, as well as the synthesis method. This work is devoted to the development of new polymer mono– and bimetallic Ru-containing catalysts for liquid phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It is shown that the use of 1% Ru-HPS and 10% Co — 1% Ru-HPS allows obtaining a high yield of gasoline hydrocarbons (more than 70%), providing a high conversion of CO (up to 23%). The selected polymer-based systems showed high stability in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.

50-53

Authors: Atambekova, A., Tashpolotov, Y., & Ysmanov, E.

The article investigated the preparation of sol-gel paste from many component substances barium chloride (BaCl2), strontium chloride (SrCl2), antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), citric acid in a liquid medium by the complexometric (chelate) method. During the reaction, the pH of the medium was 5.5 units, temperature conditions 40–42 °C. For efficient complex formation, an electric mixer was used. The ratio of multicomponent substances was according to the following formula BaIx ∙ SrIx ∙ SbIx ∙ CAIx (where X = I:I:I:I). This reaction was studied, complexes with metal ions. Thus, the sol-gel process includes hydrolysis at temperature conditions, and the mechanical effects of the latter processes occur during further polymerization and a viscous resin (gel) is formed. A homogeneous white paste is obtained, which is nanosubstances.

64-70

Authors: Guseynova S.

The article deals with the natural geographical location, geological and geomorphological structure, climatic conditions of the Absheron Peninsula. In aquatic ecosystems and arid conditions, there are significant differences between natural ecosystems in their physiological processes, breathing, nutrition, structure, reproduction, etc. Existing ecosystems of the Absheron Peninsula in terms of desertification expressed more significantly. The conducted complex researches are directed on the restoration of fertility of soils and their rational use.

79-84

Authors: Alymbayev E., Ongoeva B., Kozhonazarova G.

The article presents data from a survey of 217 children with various manifestations of metabolic disorders. This study made it possible to identify children at risk of developing atherogenic diseases whose abdominal obesity has not yet reached critical values.

92-96

Authors: Sabyraliev M., Sulaimanov Zh.

Back pain affects approximately 80% of the adult population. In the structure of the nervous system morbidity, cases of osteochondrosis account for up to 68%, reaching 72% of the days of temporary disability in the outpatient network and 48% in hospitals. Since 2004, surgical interventions using porous nickel-titanium have been performed in the Department of Spinal Pathology in 43 patients with degenerative lesions of the lumbar spine. Of these, 23 were men and 20 women. At the age of 20 to 65 years (average age 46.1 years). In the postoperative period, significant regression of pain intensity in the lumbar region and lower extremities was determined in 8 (18.6%) patients, and the complete disappearance of pain was determined in the remaining 35 (81.4%) patients. Before surgery, the Oswestry index averaged 48.3%, after surgery 13.4%.

104-114

Authors: Beregovoi A., Dzholbunova Z., Kadyrova R.

The clinical and epidemiological features of the course of acute bacterial meningitis in various age groups of patients in the period from 2014 to 2018 are described. An analysis of 398 case histories of patients was performed. Patients were divided into 5 age groups. The inclusion criterion is the presence of bacterial meningitis of any aetiology. Patients with serious meningitis of viral and tuberculous aetiology were excluded. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS program (determination of compliance with Gauss law, descriptive statistics, determination of average values, relationships between disease indicators, Bonferroni correction). Risk factors were determined, the course of neuro infection in various age groups was revealed, the criteria and the timing of the diagnosis of meningitis.

120-130

Authors: Vaninov A.

The article provides literature data on the trends of malignant neoplasms not only in the world but also in the Kyrgyz Republic. Malignant neoplasms are a global problem in public health, occupy a leading place for the causes of mortality. In 2018, more than 18 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed worldwide, more than 9.6 million people died, and the total number of patients increased to 43 million. According to forecasts, by 2030, the number of new cases of cancer will increase to 26.4 million per year, and the number of deaths — up to 17 million. The epidemiological situation of cancer remains unfavorable, both in Russia and around the world. In the Russian Federation, there is an increase in cancer incidence from 363.0 in 2010 to 425.3 in 2018 per 100,000 population. Moreover, the growth trend is observed in all regions of the country. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the incidence of malignant neoplasms increased from 83.1 in 2010 to 90.3 per 100,000 of the population in 2018. This indicator is growing in Chui, Naryn and Batken regions, as well as in Osh, and in other regions, there is a slight decrease in the indicator. In the structure of oncological morbidity, the first place is occupied by breast cancer (206‱), the second place — cancer of the cervix (153‱), and the third place — cancer of the stomach (117‱). It should be noted that in Russia for every 100 patients who died from malignant neoplasms, 10.7 were not registered. The mortality rate in the Kyrgyz Republic has somewhat stabilized, both in the republic as a whole and in individual regions, and in 2018 amounted to 56.3 per 100,000 of the population (56.4 in 2017). In the female population, 1st place is occupied by breast cancer — 605‱, 2nd place — by the cervix (153‱), 3rd place — by the stomach (71‱). One of the most common forms of malignant neoplasms of the organs of the reproductive system is cervical cancer, which takes 2nd place in frequency and 3rd place in mortality from cancer in women. The analysis of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms in various countries showed that screening and early detection, as well as a timely and effective treatment, are necessary to reduce mortality.

136-175

Authors: Bulgakova S., Romanchuk P., Romanchuk N., Pyatin V., Romanov D., Volobuev A.

Modern technologies and tools for the rehabilitation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease have many potential applications for the treatment of dementia from diagnosis and evaluation to medical care, medical, social and economic support: from healthy ageing to accelerated and pathological ageing of Homo sapiens. Doctor and neuroscientist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using, on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Systems biology, Biophysics, physiology, neurophysiology and highlight the multidimensional and combinatorial profiles of genetic, biological, pathophysiological and clinical biomarkers that reflects the heterogeneity of neurodegeneration, by means of modern efficient analysis tools to register and create comprehensive maps of the brain and recording of dynamic models in different systems: from molecules to neurons to brain regions. Bioinformatics, neuroimaging and neurophysiology of systems are aimed at calculating neural network models of the relationship between structure and dynamic function in brain networks. Structural and functional markers of the brain establish a link between clinical phenotypes and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms. Phenotypic variability is now considered one of the biggest problems in gerontology and geriatrics. MRI imaging to detect subtle changes in brain tissue and structure, fMRI imaging to measure changes in brain activity, and EEG to measure electrical activity have given clinicians many new insights into what happens in the brain in healthy and pathological ageing. The paradigm of system neurophysiology is aimed at studying the fundamental principles of functioning of integrated neural systems through the integration and analysis of neural information recorded in a multimodal way (for example, fMRI and EEG), through computational modelling and combining data mining methods. The ultimate goal of systemic neurophysiology is to find out how signals are represented in neocortical networks and what role many different neural components play. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer's disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain Homo Sapiens.

197-204

Authors: Aliyeva G.

The Gilgilchay basin has been characterized, and three ecological (agro-ecological) zones have been divided within the basin, and the soils have been grouped within zones: water catchment, transit, accumulative; standard soils have been selected in each zone and bonitet scores of soils have been found in comparison with them and the main bonitet scale has been created. While carrying out the bonitation of soils, humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and sum of absorbed bases have been taken as the value criteria.

212-217

Authors: Gajieva G.

The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers along with an increase in cabbage productivity significantly affects the quality of the harvest. During the experiment, the maximum amount of plant fertilizer use in cucumber fields was 20 t/ha (background) + N90P120 K90. Nitrogen 123.8–133.3 kg/ha; Phosphorus 41.7–46.0 kg/ha; Potassium 97.5–105.8 kg/ha or Nitrogen 65.0–70.0%; Phosphorus 38.0–42.0%; Potassium was 54.0–60.0%. The highest net profit among the variants is 20 t/ha (background) + N90P120K90 net profit from gross output 8606.0 man/ha, 1 ton of product net cost of fertilizers made up 100.0 manats, fertilizers — 4394.0 manat per hectare, and the rate of return — 200,0%.

224-229

Authors: Kozlova G., Onina S., Bakhtygareeva I.

The content of selenium and antagonist elements (Cu, As, Zn, Cd, Pb) in natural milk and products of its processing (cottage cheese and cream) in different seasons of the year is determined. It is noted that the greatest amount of selenium and antagonist elements in natural milk is contained in the summer (in the pasture period). The concentration of antagonist elements in milk processing products (cream and curd) is proportional to their content in the milk from which they are made. The content of antagonist elements in curd is much higher than in cream. This indicates that the elements are mainly associated with the protein part of milk.

236-241

Authors: Sarukhanov A., Morozova A., Vasilyeva N., Krylenkin D.

The effect of cocoa powder exposure to irradiation by various types of ionizing radiation on the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, yeast and moulds were studied. Doses of 12 kGy are found to be enough for reducing the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, yeast and moulds below normative documents’ limits. The activity of flavonoids in irradiated and control samples of cocoa powder was also evaluated via spectrophotometric analysis. A conclusion about the possibility of implementing ionizing radiation for reducing the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, yeast and moulds in cocoa powder without the loss of quality was made.

249-254

Authors: Kayumov B., Vokhobov R.

Procedure for making changes to the design of cars, the methods of the relationship between the various departments involved in the construction and methods for solving problems are described. When approving new types of components and the entire car, one should proceed from the climatic features of the regions of operation and approving products using the DRBTR and MIZENBOUSHI methods. It is necessary to review the design from a critical point of view with further changes to the design and established requirements.

262-275

Authors: Solieva D., Teshabaev A.

The research presented in this article shows the experience of implementing new Managerial tools in context of management and employees’ development which is carried out in the large vehicle manufacturing company GM Uzbekistan. The paper describes the details of some new management techniques implementation and evaluated the results of implementation. Analysis of the results of innovation activity, questionnaire survey and special interview reveals of main influenced factors. Result of the research illustrates the importance of in-company culture and managerial style, empowerment and involvement of personnel, top management support and managerial stress, education and training programs. The management of the JVC General Motors Uzbekistan has actively tried to induce new managerial tools and techniques as Continuous Improvement activity through Employee’s Suggestion System, Quality circle, 5S, TPM and others and MBO — Management by Objectives as tools for activation personnel potential and establishing self-managed teams within company employees. Within the framework of the visions of the Continuous Improvement a common understanding has developed, and the future direction of development has been negotiated. The history of Continuous Improvement in General Motors Uzbekistan demonstrates that the success of new managerial techniques is not easy. The focus on the real problem areas, as quality, was, however, not a failure even though the targets were not met. The new managerial technology of human factor activating was later successfully utilized in the introduction of the focused Improvement team. The conclusion drawn from this is that management of the company should, if possible, focus on collectivism aimed for real, vitally important areas and creative leaders.

280-283

Authors: Erlygina E., Vasilyeva A.

Nowadays the use of non-traditional methods of advertising is becoming increasingly popular. Such methods include Ambient Media, which is characterized by the use of environmental objects as an advertising medium. Ambient Media is distinguished by its originality, creativity and ingenuity, contributes to the creation of high-quality, emotional contact with potential consumers, creating a positive image of the company.

290-298

Authors: Ablyatipova N., Podveznaya T.

Discusses the participation of guardianship and trusteeship bodies in the implementation of personal non-property rights of minors who are not able to fully exercise their rights and bear responsibilities. The forms of participation of guardianship and trusteeship bodies in litigation are analyzed. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, features of the participation of guardianship and trusteeship bodies in the implementation and protection of children's rights are highlighted. Based on the study, conclusions are formulated, the responsibilities of guardianship and guardianship bodies to protect the rights and interests of minors, as well as their actions to restore violated rights, are systematized.

305-308

Authors: Komarova N.

The article considers one of the ways of collateral obligations, it’s independent guarantee. The article presents the analysis of the existing problems for the legal regulation of the independent guarantee, as well as it examines the procedure of use in practice, the specific features, the difference from the bank guarantee and another way to collateral obligations — surety. In conclusion, it is noted that an independent guarantee is a new way of securing obligations, which has its own specificity. The main advantage of an independent guarantee arises precisely from its name and lies in its independence from the main obligation.

317-320

Authors: Petrosyan M., Danilova A., Shumova K.

The topic of this article is devoted to the analysis of controversial, problematic aspects affecting the procedural order of the courts reviewing applications for interim measures, or, as expressly stated in the law, statements about securing a claim. The author of this article has studied the different views of process scientists, as well as the law enforcement practice of arbitration courts to consider these issues.

325-328

Authors: Petrov I.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the cultural needs of the individual. It is shown that the needs of the individual, social groups, communities are related to the culture of society, which allows us to use such a concept as ‘cultural needs’, which can be classified in different ways, depending on what we lay in the basis of ‘division’. Culture makes real what is in a person in a potential state, that is, it gives the opportunity to realize its essential forces.

333-342

Authors: Determinants of Opinion About Graffiti of Russian Youth: Results of Secondary Analysis of VCIOM Data

The central question of the article is the factors that influence the opinion about graffiti of Russian youth. The authors note the one-sidedness of the analysis of the social role of graffiti in Russian science. Scientists often focus on aesthetic, legal and socio-psychological sides of this topic. But at the same time, there is a lack of research in the area of typical stereotypes and assessments about graffiti in society. During their research, the authors of this article want to make a step in overcoming of this problem and focus their interest on stereotypes and assessments about graffiti that became typical for the representatives of modern Russian youth. During the research the authors rely on secondary analysis of data of sociological survey, which was implemented by Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM) at the end of 2018. Using the VCIOM data, the authors strive to determine the general opinion of Russian youth about graffiti and try to identify the factors, which can influence this opinion. The analysis allows the authors to make a conclusion that the specifics of young people’s stereotypes and assessments about graffiti has a social origin. The attitude to graffiti prevailing among Russian youth is comparable to that which was established among representatives of other age groups. But at the same time, young people are heterogeneous in their attitude to this phenomenon. The authors conclude that significant factors influencing the attitude of young people to graffiti are gender, the level of activity of using the Internet, and the type of settlement.

352-359

Authors: Nazarova A., Ivanov D.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of counsellor’s psychological readiness to work with children in a children’s health camp. A theoretical analysis of Russian psychological and pedagogical literature on the issue of training counsellors for professional work is carried out. The analysis made it possible to characterize the features of the counsellor in a children’s health camp. These include high physical, intellectual and emotional tension, high responsibility for the life and safety of the child, for his intellectual, emotional, spiritual and moral development. It is shown how the nature of the activity makes special psychological demands on the personality and activity of the counsellor. The identified requirements for the personality and activity of the counsellor made it possible to formulate the content of the concept of ‘counsellor psychological readiness’. By it, we understand the totality of such professionally important qualities as stress resistance, communicative and organizational skills, leadership qualities, tolerant attitudes, a cooperative and compromise style of behaviour in conflict situations. Effective means of preparing counsellors for activities in the children’s health camp are considered. The main means of training counsellors are traditional and non-traditional forms of training. Perspective tasks of further psychological and pedagogical research are outlined, among which are the development and testing of the effectiveness of the psychological and pedagogical program to form the counsellor’s psychological readiness for work in a children’s health camp.

371-377

Authors: Morgunova N., Zaitseva I.

Cooperation between professional educational institutions and business is an important aspect in the preparation of qualified personnel and the formation of quality education. In this regard, the article presents a number of problems of training specialists from the position of demand in the labor market of the Vladimir region, considers the key elements of interaction of the main participants of cooperation, identifies the main barriers. In conclusion, further steps in the formation of an effective model of interaction between universities and business are justified.

382-394

Authors: Sherkova T.

Mythological beliefs about the first victim are archetypal for ancient cultures. According to ancient Egyptian mythology, it is the god Osiris — the first mythical king of Egypt — who became the first victim having been killed by his twin brother Seth. The binary logic of the mythological consciousness based on the beliefs about conflicts and reconciliation of opposites has solved the problem of overcoming death through the sacrifice of Osiris. The image of Osiris based on the cult of ancestors, twin motive and sacrifice of a bull. Osiris personified the spirit cosmogony of Ancient Egyptian culture.

404-409

Authors: Kabulov E., Rajapova S.

Since ancient times in Uzbekistan, special attention has been paid to horse breeding. We can see this in dastans and traditions, where poets and bakhshis sang about mythical horses. And most importantly, the horse was very much appreciated as a companion of a horse. As in other regions of the republic, special attention was paid to the development of horse breeding in the Surkhan oasis. Several breeds of horses were bred in the oasis, they were called ‘adobe’, ‘jiyran’, ‘turik’, ‘buz’ and others by color. Uzbeks mainly bred ‘Karabair’, ‘Lakay’, ‘Turkman’, and sometimes Arab ones. For breeding local breeds of horses ‘Karabair’ were used breeds of Turkmen, Arab and Mongolian horses. By breeding horses such breeds of ‘Karabair’ horses as ‘Uzbek’, ‘Miyenkul’, ‘Urgut’ and others were bred. Also, horses were named for their age. A newborn horse was called a ‘kulun’, up to one year a foal, from a year and a half to two years a strigunok, a two-three year old foal, a third year a gunan, a three-four year old dunan, a male after four years a stallion, a female mare. In the Surkhan oasis, Turkmen horses were widely used as a vehicle, they participated in horse racing, racing and kupkari (equestrian competition in which the participants of the competition rip out goat carcass from each other). Responsible for the conservation and reproduction of horse breeds were men. They promptly gave horses food, took them for a walk. The horses that took part in the races, kupkari were raised according to special methods and customs. Such horses were fed from spring to late autumn, with the arrival of autumn they were walked and prepared for competitions. Horses were considered not only a vehicle; they were the most expensive and valuable commodity. At that time, the best horses were estimated from 400 to 600 rubles, and Turkmen horses to 1000 rubles. In a word, horses were not only expensive goods; they were considered the best friend and helper of a horseman.

415-419

Authors: Rashidova N.

This article is about terminology formation in the field of education which is one of the growing areas of science. It is an inexhaustible source in constant enrichment of vocabulary in various languages of the world. Theoretical research of the terminology formation and its functioning is one of the priority areas in modern linguistics. Terminology in the field of education is firstly considered as terminological general literary vocabulary. Therefore, this research includes post names terms, institutions’ names, subjects’ names, processes, phenomena and others which are united in the general concept of ‘terminology in education sphere’. The article’s aim is to analyze the main structural and lexical-semantic character in the sphere of education in the Arabic language. The research’s task is not only to study single-component units but also multi-component phrases containing two or more elements. The article covers and analyzes the compounding method which is one of the methods of terms formation. In this article full description about this method will be given. Gained results create a new approach to understanding and solving the problems such as word formation in the Arabic language, defining the lexical-semantic and structural-functioning character of the terminology in the field of education.